Proposal for Thesis

8/13/2019 Proposal for Thesis

1/33

ATTITUDE TOWARD SEEKING THE PROFESSIONAL HELP FOR

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

A proposal Subm !!"# $ par! al %ul% llm"$! R"&u r"m"$!

For !'" D"(r"" o% Mas!"r o% Ar!s $ Ps)*'olo()

Subm !!"# !o

C"$!ral D"par!m"$! o% Ps)*'olo()

Tr b'u+a$ U$ +"rs !)

K r! pur

Subm !!"# b)

Ra,a Ram S $-'a#a

./ 0u$" 12.1


2/33

ATTITUDE TOWARD SEEKING THE PROFESSIONAL HELP FOR

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

A proposal Subm !!"# $ par! al %ul% llm"$! R"&u r"m"$!

For !'" D"(r"" o% Mas!"r o% Ar!s $ Ps)*'olo()

Subm !!"# !o

C"$!ral D"par!m"$! o% Ps)*'olo()

Tr b'u+a$ U$ +"rs !)

K r! pur

Subm !!"# b)

Ra,a Ram S $-'a#a

./ 0u$" 12.1


3/33

TABLE OF CONTENTS

.3 INTRODCUTION444444444444444444444444444433 .

.3. Ba*-(rou$#44444444444444444444444444433 .

.31 A!! !u#" Forma! o$444444444444444444444444431

.313.3 A!! !u#" C'a$(" 444444444444444444444444431

.3131 Ps)*'olo( *al H"lp4444444444444444444444433435

.3136 A!! !u#" To7ar# S""- $( Ps)*'olo( *al H"lp44444444444433435

.36 S!a!"m"$! O% Probl"m4444444444444444444444445

.35 Ra! o$al o% S!u#)4444444444444444444444444333 8

.38 Ob,"*! + o% !'" s!u#) 44444444444444444444443433 8

.39 H)po!'"s s 44444444444444444444444444443 9

.3: L m !a! o$ o% S!u#) 44444444444444444444444433 :

13 LITERATURE RE;IEW44433444444444444444444444333 /

63 METHODOLOGY

63. Sampl" D"s ($ 444444444444444444444444443.2

631 U$ +"rs" o% !'" S!u#)4444444444444444444444433.2

636 Sampl" s


4/33

INTRODUCTION=I

.3. BACKGROUND

Nepal, a country with multi Ethnic groups practicing different multicultural practices in mutual-

coordination and harmony has tremendous amount of natural resources, potentiality and

possibility. Poverty, low rate of literacy and difficult geographical structure are the root cause in

the development of the living hood of the people. At the date still majority of the people are

backward in order to enjoy the minimum facilities that are provided by the state for her people

which directly reflect that how hard is to maintain day to day activities.

ealth can be considered as the back bone of the country, if the people are healthy there is direct

positive global impact in the country!s financial, social and political environment. "alking about

the situation of health, Nepal is in crawling stage. #ue to lack of $ualified %edical personal,

physical infrastructure, difficult geo-graphic boundary and lack of awareness among the people,

at present, the majority of the people are still under marginal health indicator.

Presently in Nepal and other &ndian sub continent societies many people do not seek help for a

variety of mental health issues, even when help is available. &t is estimated that on average across

various problems and groups of people less than one third of people who could benefit from

mental health services seek such help 'Andrews, &ssakidis, ( )arter,*++ . urthermore, people

tend to seek help from professional counselors for vocational and personal problems only after

friends, family, and faculty members have been approached ' inson ( /wanson, 001 . #ooley

and )atalano ' 023 found 4 5 of participants seeking help from informal sources of friends

and family and 105 seeking help from doctors, psychotherapists or self help groups. elp


5/33

seeking behavior is especially lacking in certain groups of people. 6iven this deficit of turning to

mental health professionalsfor mental health issues, it may help clinicians be seen as avenues of

help if we had abetter understanding of help seeking behavior and attitudes '7omiya, 6ood, (

/herrod,*+++8 9ochlen, :hilde, ( oyer, *++;

)hange in the life and pattern thinking of people was made possible with advancement of

science ( technology thus, it gives opportunities and possibilities in all the sector that is

directly and indirectly connected with the uman life. Among the different sector education is

one which has direct relation .

1.1.1 Attitude

An attitude can be defined as a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, event,

activities, ideas, or just about anything in your environment '


6/33

1.1.2 Attitude formation

Fnlike personality , attitudes are eBpected to change as a function of eBperience . "esser

' 001 has argued that hereditary variables may affect attitudes - but believes that they may do so

indirectly. or eBample, consistency theories, which imply that we must be consistent in our

beliefs and values. As with any type of heritability, to determine if a particular trait has a basis in

our genes, twin studies are used. "he most famous eBample of such a theory is #issonance-

reduction theory, associated with Deon estinger , which eBplains that when the components of

an attitude 'including belief and behavior are at odds an individual may adjust one to match the

other 'for eBample, adjusting a belief to match a behavior .

1.1.3 Attitude change

Attitudes can be changed through persuasion and we should understand attitude change as a

response to communication. EBperimental research into the factors that can affect the

persuasiveness of a message include

Target Characteristics G "hese are characteristics that refer to the person who receives and

processes a message. Hne such trait is intelligence - it seems that more intelligent people are less

easily persuaded by one-sided messages. Another variable that has been studied in this category

is self-esteem. Although it is sometimes thought that those higher in self-esteem are less easily

persuaded, there is some evidence that the relationship between self-esteem and persuasibility is

actually curvilinear, with people of moderate self-esteem being more easily persuaded than both

those of high and low self-esteem levels '9hodes ( :oods, 00* . "he mind frame and mood of

the target also plays a role in this process.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Festingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Festinger


7/33

Source Characteristics G "he major source characteristics are eBpertise, trustworthiness and

interpersonal attraction or attractiveness. "he credibility of a perceived message has been found

to be a key variable here8 if one reads a report about health and believes it came from a

professional medical journal, one may be more easily persuaded than if one believes it is from a

popular newspaper. /ome psychologists have debated whether this is a long-lasting effect and

ovland and :eiss ' 0; found the effect of telling people that a message came from a credible

source disappeared after several weeks 'the so-called ? sleeper effect ? . :hether there is a sleeper

effect is controversial. Perceived wisdom is that if people are informed of the source of a

message before hearing it, there is less likelihood of a sleeper effect than if they are told amessage and then told its source.

Message Characteristics G "he nature of the message plays a role in persuasion. /ometimes

presenting both sides of a story is useful to help change attitudes. :hen people are not motivated

to process the message, simply the number of arguments presented in a persuasive message will

influence attitude change, such that a greater number of arguments will produce greater attitudechange.

Cognitive Routes G A message can appeal to an individual s cognitive evaluation to help change an

attitude. &n the central route to persuasion the individual is presented with the data and motivated

to evaluate the data and arrive at an attitude changing conclusion. &n the peripheral route to

attitude change, the individual is encouraged to not look at the content but at the source. "his is

commonly seen in modern advertisements that feature celebrities. &n some cases, physician,

doctors or eBperts are used. &n other cases film stars are used for their attractiveness.

.313. Psychological Help
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_attractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeper_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perceived_wisdom&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perceived_wisdom&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_attractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeper_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perceived_wisdom&action=edit&redlink=1


8/33

&t is defined as Ivoluntary mental health treatment services provided by individuals who are

specifically educated and trained to deal with another person s emotional problems in a

therapeutic mannerJ ':ong, 00>, p. 30 .

1.2.2 Attitudes toward Seeking Psychological Help

Attitude is defined by as Ia learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or

unfavorable manner with respect to a given objectJ. /o, attitudes toward seeking psychological

help can be defined as learned predispositions to respond in a consistently favorable or

unfavorable manner with respect to psychological help-seeking.J ' ishbein and AjCen 0>;, p. 4

1.3 Statement of the Problem

/tigma associated with mental health care is an important factor in people!s decision to seek

out and engage in psychotherapy and counseling. =oth social and self stigma associated with

mental health services are consistently cited as the main reason why individuals in need of

psychological help don!t seek out services. Educating the public about mental health services and

empowering individuals to seek out help when eBperiencing psychological distress will help

combat the adverse effects that accompany untreated mental health concerns. "his study aims to

measure the attitude towards willingness and intentions to seek counseling, psychotherapies and

pharmacotherapy or help seeking behavior for psychological problems. Effects of mental health

education on students! endorsements of stigma, as well as. "his study aspires to help more

people in need of mental health services.

1.4 ational of the Study


9/33

&n Nepal we find different culture and religion which is uni$ue in terms of indigenous

aspects of behavior. As in other culture across the world understanding regarding mental illness

or psychological problems is same here in Nepal. "hough we see people are getting aware day

by day as time passes, through the medium of education and awareness program regarding

mental health, the stigma associated with seeking out professional psychological help remains to

its ground level.

"his research is essential to bring the change among the people of the country because

the result reflects the stigma about the people in getting the professional help that will guide the

authority who are working in %ental ealth sector, in planning8 implementation and strategy that

are to be taken in the coming future.

1.! "b#ecti$es of the study

Every study has its objectives on the basis of which research run in the process. "he

present study has one of the following objectives.

%eneral ob#ecti$e

"he general objective of this research is to study the attitude towards seeking professional

help for psychological problems among college students.

Specific ob#ecti$es

"o study the level of awareness about attitude toward seeking professional help for

psychological problems among students.

"o study the relationship between level of education and help seeking behavior.


10/33

"o study the differences in attitude among male and female student in seeking the

professional help.

1.& Hypothesis

"he present thesis has the following hypothesis which is based on the previous studies

done by the researches which shown the positive correlation between the attitude and

professional help seeking behavior.

"here is no relationship between seB and attitude towards help seeking behavior

"here is no relationship between educational level and help seeking behavior

"here is no relationship between religion and help seeking behavior

1.' (imitation of the study

"he present study, relationship between attitude and help seeking behavior has limited to

some of its area of a study that is sample siCe, sample design and variable that are not controlled

they are eBplained briefly belowG

the sample will be taken only from four colleges in the 7atmandu valley

"he sample siCe will be of *++ students


11/33

9esearch is conducted in the limited area so it can!t be representative for the whole

country.


12/33

CHAPTER= II

L !"ra!ur" R"+ "7

/tudies show that the amount of seeking professional psychological help is very low

although university students are in need. &n a recent review of utiliCation rates of university

counseling services by 9aunic and Kenos '*++2 ,it was concluded that only *5 to 35 of the

students sought help from the university counseling centers which is very low.

9osenthal and :ilson '*++2 investigated mental health service use utiliCing a cross

sectional correlational research design with sample of >>1 freshmen students and found that of

the students who are seriously distressed, only less than one-fourth sought psychological help in

the past siB months.

/tallman and /hocked '*++0 conducted a study with university students 'N L 42 and

only 10.35 of the highly distressed students were found to seek help from a health-care

professional in 3 weeks.

Nilsson et al. '*++3 investigated the use of counseling services of international students

from the university counseling center during one year and found that only *5 of them sought

help from the center. Another study with *231 college students yielded that >5 of them reported

self injury which is a maladaptive coping function consisting of intentionally giving harm to

one s body without the purpose of killing oneself and only *45 of them sought mental health

therapy or medication in the past year '6ollust, Eisenberg ( 6olberstein, *++2 .


13/33

%oreover, in the survey of 134 university students, "urner and Muinn ' 000 found that

students are more prone to seek psychological help in the case of serious mental illness '045

and suicidal ideation '0+5 or drug alcohol dependency, eating disorders, coping with chronic

disease, depression, anBiety 'more than ;+5 8 rather than developmental, vocational or social

problems 'less than ;+5 .


14/33

CHAPTER= III

M"!'o#olo()

3.1 Sample design

)olleges Participants

A=) 1+ %ales /tudents 1+ emale /tudents

PM9 1+ %ales /tudents 1+ emale /tudents

KO< 1+ %ales /tudents 1+ emale /tudents

3.2 )ni$erse of the study

"he study will be conducted on the students of private college in 7atmandu valley in

Nepal. "he selected sample will be students studying bachelor level.

3.3 Sample si*e

"he participants for this study comprise 2+ students of private college university . &n

this study1+ sample will the male sample and 1+ will be the female sample from each college

and will combining the sample of two colleges university.


15/33

3.4 Sampling

Non random sampling method will be used. )onvenient sampling procedure will be

followed for the data collection.

3.! +ariables

&n this study there is one independent variable and one dependent variable will be

measured statistically. "hey are shown in the diagram below

I$#"p"$#"$! +ar abl" D"p"$#"$! +ar abl"

3.& ,ata collection method

&n this study Muestionnaire method will be used. #ata will be collected by using reliable

and valid test developed by renowned persons in the field of psychology. &n the process of data

collection, following steps will be used.

Permission will be taken from the principal of the college to collect data from the

students one day before the academic test.

Education

Attitude toward/eeking

Professional elp

/eB

Age


16/33

"est will be taken in the class keeping students all together.

3.' ,ata collection tools

For this study the tools that is used for the data collection is Attitude

Toward Seeking Professional Help developed by Fischer and Turners will

be used. The ATSPPH-SF was developed by Fischer and Turners (1 !"#

ori$inal % -ite& &easure. The authors reported evidence of criterion-related

validity (correlations with previous help-see'in$ e perience and respondent

$ender# and conver$ent validity (correlation of .)! with the ori$inal &easure#

and its te&poral consistency was reported to have a test-retest reliability

coefficient of .)" *n ter&s of reliability+. The ite&s in the ATSPPH are rated

usin$ scores between " (disa$ree# and , (a$ree# for data analysis in the

current study+ avera$e scores ran$in$ fro& " to , were used. The test is ai&

to &easure the &a or / factor i.e 9ecognition of the Need for

psychotherapeutic elp * /tigma "olerance 1 &nterpersonal 0penness 3 confidence

in %ental health practitioner

3.- ,ata analysis

)ollected data will be organiCed on the sheet and then data will be feed on /tatistical

Package of social science ' /P// - > . /tatistical methods correlation, independent sample t test

will be used to assess the result.


17/33

R"%"r"$*"s

Andrews+ .+ *ssa'idis+ 2.+ 3 2arter+ . (%""1#. Shortfall in &ental healthservice

utili4ation. British Journal of Psychiatry, v179, /1!-/%5.

ischer, E. ., ( "urner, .D. ' 0>+ . #evelopment and research utility of an attitude scale. Journal

of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 1;, >0-0+.

=aron.9.A ( #.=yrane'*++; ./ocia psychology' th ed. , Prentice- all of &ndia Private

Dimited,New #elhi

Eastwood Atwater' 00; , Psychology for livingG Adjustment, and 6rowth and =ehavior

"oday'; th ed. .Prentice- all of &ndia Private Dimited,New #elhi





6o&iya+ 7.+ ood+ . 8.+ 3 Sherrod+ 7. 9. (%"""#. 8&otional openness as apredictor of colle$e students attitudes toward see'in$ psycholo$ical help. Journal of

Counseling Psychology, v47 (1#+ 1,)-1/,.


18/33

9osenthal, =. ( :ilson, ). '*++2 . %ental health servicesG Fse and disparity among diverse college

students. Journal of American College Health, 57 , 4 -4>.

/tallman, . %. ( /hochet, &. '*++0 . Prevalence of mental health problems in Australian university

health services. Australian Psychologist, , **Q *>.

"urner, A. D. ( Muinn, 7. . ' 000 . )ollege students perceptions of the value of psychological

servicesG A comparison with APA s public education research. Professional Psychology! Research

and Practice, "# , 142-1> .

:ong, R. D. ' 00> . Relationshi$s among degree of acculturation, o$inions a%out illness, selected

socio&demogra$hic varia%les, and attitudes to'ard see(ing $rofessional $sychological hel$ among

Chinese college students) Fnpublished doctoral dissertation. "he Fniversity of "eBas, Austin.


19/33

INTRODUCTION=I

.3. BACKGROUND

Nepal, a country with multi Ethnic groups practicing different multicultural practices in mutual-

coordination and harmony has tremendous amount of natural resources, potentiality and

possibility. Poverty, low rate of literacy and difficult geographical structure are the root cause in

the development of the living hood of the people. At the date still majority of the people are

backward in order to enjoy the minimum facilities that are provided by the state for her people

which directly reflect that how hard is to maintain day to day activities.

ealth can be considered as the back bone of the country, if the people are healthy there is direct

positive global impact in the country!s financial, social and political environment. "alking about

the situation of health, Nepal is in crawling stage. #ue to lack of $ualified %edical personal,

physical infrastructure, difficult geo-graphic boundary and lack of awareness among the people,

at present, the majority of the people are still under marginal health indicator.

Presently in Nepal and other &ndian sub continent societies many people do not seek help for a

variety of mental health issues, even when help is available. &t is estimated that on average across

various problems and groups of people less than one third of people who could benefit from

mental health services seek such help 'Andrews, &ssakidis, ( )arter,*++ . urthermore, people

tend to seek help from professional counselors for vocational and personal problems only after

friends, family, and faculty members have been approached ' inson ( /wanson, 001 . #ooley

and )atalano ' 023 found 4 5 of participants seeking help from informal sources of friends

and family and 105 seeking help from doctors, psychotherapists or self help groups. elp


20/33

seeking behavior is especially lacking in certain groups of people. 6iven this deficit of turning to

mental health professionalsfor mental health issues, it may help clinicians be seen as avenues of

help if we had abetter understanding of help seeking behavior and attitudes '7omiya, 6ood, (

/herrod,*+++8 9ochlen, :hilde, ( oyer, *++;

)hange in the life and pattern thinking of people was made possible with advancement of

science ( technology thus, it gives opportunities and possibilities in all the sector that is

directly and indirectly connected with the uman life. Among the different sector education is

one which has direct relation .

1.1.1 Attitude

An attitude can be defined as a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, event,

activities, ideas, or just about anything in your environment '


21/33

1.1.2 Attitude formation

Fnlike personality , attitudes are eBpected to change as a function of eBperience . "esser

' 001 has argued that hereditary variables may affect attitudes - but believes that they may do so

indirectly. or eBample, consistency theories, which imply that we must be consistent in our

beliefs and values. As with any type of heritability, to determine if a particular trait has a basis in

our genes, twin studies are used. "he most famous eBample of such a theory is #issonance-

reduction theory, associated with Deon estinger , which eBplains that when the components of

an attitude 'including belief and behavior are at odds an individual may adjust one to match the

other 'for eBample, adjusting a belief to match a behavior .

1.1.3 Attitude change

Attitudes can be changed through persuasion and we should understand attitude change as a

response to communication. EBperimental research into the factors that can affect the

persuasiveness of a message include

Target Characteristics G "hese are characteristics that refer to the person who receives and

processes a message. Hne such trait is intelligence - it seems that more intelligent people are less

easily persuaded by one-sided messages. Another variable that has been studied in this category

is self-esteem. Although it is sometimes thought that those higher in self-esteem are less easily

persuaded, there is some evidence that the relationship between self-esteem and persuasibility is

actually curvilinear, with people of moderate self-esteem being more easily persuaded than both

those of high and low self-esteem levels '9hodes ( :oods, 00* . "he mind frame and mood of

the target also plays a role in this process.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Festingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Festinger


22/33

Source Characteristics G "he major source characteristics are eBpertise, trustworthiness and

interpersonal attraction or attractiveness. "he credibility of a perceived message has been found

to be a key variable here8 if one reads a report about health and believes it came from a

professional medical journal, one may be more easily persuaded than if one believes it is from a

popular newspaper. /ome psychologists have debated whether this is a long-lasting effect and

ovland and :eiss ' 0; found the effect of telling people that a message came from a credible

source disappeared after several weeks 'the so-called ? sleeper effect ? . :hether there is a sleeper

effect is controversial. Perceived wisdom is that if people are informed of the source of a

message before hearing it, there is less likelihood of a sleeper effect than if they are told amessage and then told its source.

Message Characteristics G "he nature of the message plays a role in persuasion. /ometimes

presenting both sides of a story is useful to help change attitudes. :hen people are not motivated

to process the message, simply the number of arguments presented in a persuasive message will

influence attitude change, such that a greater number of arguments will produce greater attitudechange.

Cognitive Routes G A message can appeal to an individual s cognitive evaluation to help change an

attitude. &n the central route to persuasion the individual is presented with the data and motivated

to evaluate the data and arrive at an attitude changing conclusion. &n the peripheral route to

attitude change, the individual is encouraged to not look at the content but at the source. "his is

commonly seen in modern advertisements that feature celebrities. &n some cases, physician,

doctors or eBperts are used. &n other cases film stars are used for their attractiveness.

.313. Psychological Help
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_attractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeper_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perceived_wisdom&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perceived_wisdom&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_attractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeper_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perceived_wisdom&action=edit&redlink=1


23/33

&t is defined as Ivoluntary mental health treatment services provided by individuals who are

specifically educated and trained to deal with another person s emotional problems in a

therapeutic mannerJ ':ong, 00>, p. 30 .

1.2.2 Attitudes toward Seeking Psychological Help

Attitude is defined by as Ia learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or

unfavorable manner with respect to a given objectJ. /o, attitudes toward seeking psychological

help can be defined as learned predispositions to respond in a consistently favorable or

unfavorable manner with respect to psychological help-seeking.J ' ishbein and AjCen 0>;, p. 4

1.3 Statement of the Problem

/tigma associated with mental health care is an important factor in people!s decision to seek

out and engage in psychotherapy and counseling. =oth social and self stigma associated with

mental health services are consistently cited as the main reason why individuals in need of

psychological help don!t seek out services. Educating the public about mental health services and

empowering individuals to seek out help when eBperiencing psychological distress will help

combat the adverse effects that accompany untreated mental health concerns. "his study aims to

measure the attitude towards willingness and intentions to seek counseling, psychotherapies and

pharmacotherapy or help seeking behavior for psychological problems. Effects of mental health

education on students! endorsements of stigma, as well as. "his study aspires to help more

people in need of mental health services.

1.4 ational of the Study


24/33

&n Nepal we find different culture and religion which is uni$ue in terms of indigenous

aspects of behavior. As in other culture across the world understanding regarding mental illness

or psychological problems is same here in Nepal. "hough we see people are getting aware day

by day as time passes, through the medium of education and awareness program regarding

mental health, the stigma associated with seeking out professional psychological help remains to

its ground level.

"his research is essential to bring the change among the people of the country because

the result reflects the stigma about the people in getting the professional help that will guide the

authority who are working in %ental ealth sector, in planning8 implementation and strategy that

are to be taken in the coming future.

1.! "b#ecti$es of the study

Every study has its objectives on the basis of which research run in the process. "he

present study has one of the following objectives.

%eneral ob#ecti$e

"he general objective of this research is to study the attitude towards seeking professional

help for psychological problems among college students.

Specific ob#ecti$es

"o study the level of awareness about attitude toward seeking professional help for

psychological problems among students.

"o study the relationship between level of education and help seeking behavior.


25/33

"o study the differences in attitude among male and female student in seeking the

professional help.

1.& Hypothesis

"he present thesis has the following hypothesis which is based on the previous studies

done by the researches which shown the positive correlation between the attitude and

professional help seeking behavior.

"here is no relationship between seB and attitude towards help seeking behavior

"here is no relationship between educational level and help seeking behavior

"here is no relationship between religion and help seeking behavior

1.' (imitation of the study

"he present study, relationship between attitude and help seeking behavior has limited to

some of its area of a study that is sample siCe, sample design and variable that are not controlled

they are eBplained briefly belowG

the sample will be taken only from four colleges in the 7atmandu valley

"he sample siCe will be of *++ students


26/33

9esearch is conducted in the limited area so it can!t be representative for the whole

country.


27/33

CHAPTER= II

L !"ra!ur" R"+ "7

/tudies show that the amount of seeking professional psychological help is very low

although university students are in need. &n a recent review of utiliCation rates of university

counseling services by 9aunic and Kenos '*++2 ,it was concluded that only *5 to 35 of the

students sought help from the university counseling centers which is very low.

9osenthal and :ilson '*++2 investigated mental health service use utiliCing a cross

sectional correlational research design with sample of >>1 freshmen students and found that of

the students who are seriously distressed, only less than one-fourth sought psychological help in

the past siB months.

/tallman and /hocked '*++0 conducted a study with university students 'N L 42 and

only 10.35 of the highly distressed students were found to seek help from a health-care

professional in 3 weeks.

Nilsson et al. '*++3 investigated the use of counseling services of international students

from the university counseling center during one year and found that only *5 of them sought

help from the center. Another study with *231 college students yielded that >5 of them reported

self injury which is a maladaptive coping function consisting of intentionally giving harm to

one s body without the purpose of killing oneself and only *45 of them sought mental health

therapy or medication in the past year '6ollust, Eisenberg ( 6olberstein, *++2 .


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CHAPTER= III

M"!'o#olo()

3.1 Sample design

)olleges Participants

A=) 1+ %ales /tudents 1+ emale /tudents

PM9 1+ %ales /tudents 1+ emale /tudents

KO< 1+ %ales /tudents 1+ emale /tudents

3.2 )ni$erse of the study

"he study will be conducted on the students of private college in 7atmandu valley in

Nepal. "he selected sample will be students studying bachelor level.

3.3 Sample si*e

"he participants for this study comprise 2+ students of private college university . &n

this study1+ sample will the male sample and 1+ will be the female sample from each college

and will combining the sample of two colleges university.


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3.4 Sampling

Non random sampling method will be used. )onvenient sampling procedure will be

followed for the data collection.

3.! +ariables

&n this study there is one independent variable and one dependent variable will be

measured statistically. "hey are shown in the diagram below

I$#"p"$#"$! +ar abl" D"p"$#"$! +ar abl"

3.& ,ata collection method

&n this study Muestionnaire method will be used. #ata will be collected by using reliable

and valid test developed by renowned persons in the field of psychology. &n the process of data

collection, following steps will be used.

Permission will be taken from the principal of the college to collect data from the

students one day before the academic test.

Education

Attitude toward/eeking

Professional elp

/eB

Age


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"est will be taken in the class keeping students all together.

3.' ,ata collection tools

For this study the tools that is used for the data collection is Attitude

Toward Seeking Professional Help developed by Fischer and Turners will

be used. The ATSPPH-SF was developed by Fischer and Turners (1 !"#

ori$inal % -ite& &easure. The authors reported evidence of criterion-related

validity (correlations with previous help-see'in$ e perience and respondent

$ender# and conver$ent validity (correlation of .)! with the ori$inal &easure#

and its te&poral consistency was reported to have a test-retest reliability

coefficient of .)" *n ter&s of reliability+. The ite&s in the ATSPPH are rated

usin$ scores between " (disa$ree# and , (a$ree# for data analysis in the

current study+ avera$e scores ran$in$ fro& " to , were used. The test is ai&

to &easure the &a or / factor i.e 9ecognition of the Need for

psychotherapeutic elp * /tigma "olerance 1 &nterpersonal 0penness 3 confidence

in %ental health practitioner

3.- ,ata analysis

)ollected data will be organiCed on the sheet and then data will be feed on /tatistical

Package of social science ' /P// - > . /tatistical methods correlation, independent sample t test

will be used to assess the result.


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R"%"r"$*"s

Andrews+ .+ *ssa'idis+ 2.+ 3 2arter+ . (%""1#. Shortfall in &ental healthservice

utili4ation. British Journal of Psychiatry, v179, /1!-/%5.



=aron.9.A ( #.=yrane'*++; ./ocia psychology' th ed. , Prentice- all of &ndia Private

Dimited,New #elhi

Eastwood Atwater' 00; , Psychology for livingG Adjustment, and 6rowth and =ehavior

"oday'; th ed. .Prentice- all of &ndia Private Dimited,New #elhi





6o&iya+ 7.+ ood+ . 8.+ 3 Sherrod+ 7. 9. (%"""#. 8&otional openness as apredictor of colle$e students attitudes toward see'in$ psycholo$ical help. Journal of

Counseling Psychology, v47 (1#+ 1,)-1/,.


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9osenthal, =. ( :ilson, ). '*++2 . %ental health servicesG Fse and disparity among diverse college

students. Journal of American College Health, 57 , 4 -4>.

/tallman, . %. ( /hochet, &. '*++0 . Prevalence of mental health problems in Australian university

health services. Australian Psychologist, , **Q *>.

"urner, A. D. ( Muinn, 7. . ' 000 . )ollege students perceptions of the value of psychological

servicesG A comparison with APA s public education research. Professional Psychology! Research

and Practice, "# , 142-1> .

:ong, R. D. ' 00> . Relationshi$s among degree of acculturation, o$inions a%out illness, selected

socio&demogra$hic varia%les, and attitudes to'ard see(ing $rofessional $sychological hel$ among

Chinese college students) Fnpublished doctoral dissertation. "he Fniversity of "eBas, Austin.

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