Proposal Penelitian kti

8/19/2019 Proposal Penelitian kti

1/41

1

KARYA TULIS ILMIAH

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG PENGGUNAAN

ANTIBIOTIK YANG DIPEROLEH SECARA BEBAS

DI KECAMATAN BINJAI TIMUR

Oleh :

SURYA FAHROZI

0810012!

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNI"ERSITAS ISLAM SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2012


2/41

#

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN

K$%&$ T'l#( Il)#$h *e+,$+ J'*'l :

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG PENGGUNAAN

ANTIBIOTIK YANG DIPEROLEH SECARA BEBAS

DI KECAMATAN BINJAI TIMUR

Y$+, *#-e%(#$-.$+ Oleh :

S'%&$ F$h%/#

0810012!

K$%&$ T'l#( Il)#$h #+# el$h *#-e%#.($ *$+ *#(e''# '+'. )e+&ele($#.$+

Pe+*#*#.$+ P%/,%$) S31

Me*$+4 18 Me# 2012

D#(e''#4

D/(e+ Pe)5#)5#+,

6 *%7 A*%# S&$h%e$


3/41

##

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

JUDUL : TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG

PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK YANG DIPEROLEH

SECARA BEBAS DI KECAMATAN BINJAI TIMUR

NAMA : SURYA FAHROZI

NIM : 081001267

Pe!"!"#$ Pe#$%&"

' ()* A()" S+,-)e., / ' ()* I#("), J%", MKT /

Me(,# 18 Me" 2012

De,# F,%3,4 Ke(53e),#

U#"e)4"3,4 I4, S%,3e), U3,),

' ()* H* R,-,3 N,4%3"5#* DTMH MS S9*P,) /


4/41

###

ABSTRAK

Pe+'%'+$+

.ee9e.#9$+

5e%5$,$#

e+#(

$+#5#/#.

(e)$.#+

)e+#+,.$

.$%e+

$ 5$+&$. )#.%//%,$+#()e &$+, ('*$h )e+$*# %e(#(e+ e%h$*$- $+#5#/#.7

H$l #+# *#(e5$5.$+ /leh .$%e+$ $+#5#/#. *$-$ *#-e%/leh $+-$ %e(e- */.e%

(eh#+,,$ e%$*# -e+,,'+$$+ &$+, #*$. e-$ (e-e%# #*$. e%$'% )$.$+ /5$ *$+

#*$. )e+&ele($#.$+ -e+,/5$$+4 .$%e+$ ('*$h )e%$($ (e)5'h $$' #*$. )$)-'

)e)5#$&$# -e+,/5$$+ ($)-$# (ele($#7 Pe+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. *#-e+,$%'h /leh

5e5e%$-$ 9$./%4 (e-e%# -e+,e$h'$+ */.e% *$+ -$(#e+ e+$+, $+#5#/#.4 ($'(

e./+/)#4 )$(&$%$.$ *$+ ./+*#(#

.$%$.e%#(#. -el$&$+$+ (#(e) .e(eh$$+4%e,'l$(# l#+,.'+,$+ *# ('$' +e,$%$7 Pe+el##$+ #+# 5e%''$+ '+'. )el#h$ $*$+&$

#+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$ e+$+, -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. &$+, *#-e%/leh

(e$%$ 5e5$( *# Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'%7

De($#+ -e+el##$+ #+# $*$l$h -e+el##$+ *e(.%#-#9 *e+,$+ *e+,$+ e.h+#.

($)-l#+, &$+, *#,'+$.$+ $*$l$h simple random sampling. T/$l 100 ('.$%el$;$+

5e%(e*#$ )el#5$.$+ *#%# *#)$('..$+ *$l$) -e+el##$+ #+#7 Sel'%'h ('.$%el$;$+

*#.ehe+*$.# '+'. )e+,#(# #*e+#$( *#%# *$+ )e+$;$5 -e%$+&$$+3-e%$+&$$+&$+, $*$ *# *$l$) .'e(#/+e% -e+el##$+ &$+, *#5$,#.$+7 A+$l#(#( ')l$h *$+

9%e.'e+(# #+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$ *$+ $;$5$+3$;$5$+ %e(-/+*e+

)e+,,'+$.$+ *e(.%#-#97

D$%# h$(#l -e+el##$+ *#*$-$.$+ 5$h;$ #+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$

e+$+, -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. &$+, *#-e%/leh (e$%$ 5e5$( *# Ke$)$$+ B#+$#

T#)'% -$*$ ')')+&$ 5e%$*$ *# #+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ (e*$+,4 &$#' (e5$+&$. 0

/%$+, 60


5/41


6/41

=

P'# *$+ (&'.'% Pe+'l#( -$+$.$+ .eh$*#%$ T'h$+ Y$+, M$h$ E($4 $$(

(e,$l$ %$h)$ *$+ 5e%.$N&$4 (eh#+,,$ Pe+'l#( *$-$ )e+&ele($#.$+ K$%&$ T'l#(

Il)#$h #+# ,'+$ )e)e+'h# (&$%$ '+'. )e+&ele($#.$+ Pe+*#*#.$+ P%/,%$) S31 *#

F$.'l$( Ke*/.e%$+ U+#=e%(#$( I(l$) S')$e%$ U$%$ e-$ -$*$ ;$.' &$+,

el$h *#e+'.$+7

D$l$) )e+&ele($#.$+ K$%&$ T'l#( Il)#$h &$+, 5e%'*'l TINGKAT

PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK

YANG DIPEROLEH SECARA BEBAS DI KECAMATAN BINJAI TIMUR4

Pe+'l#( 5$+&$. )e+e)'# .e('l#$+ *$+ h$)5$$+4 /leh .$%e+$ #' *$l$)

.e(e)-$$+ #+# Pe+'l#( )e+&$)-$#.$+ '$-$+ e%#)$ .$(#h &$+, (e5e($%3

5e($%+&$ .e-$*$ :

17 B$-$. *%7 H7 R$h)$ N$('#/+4 DTMH4 MS4 S-7P$%K4 (el$.' De.$+

F$.'l$( Ke*/.e%$+ U+#=e%(#$( I(l$) S')$e%$ U$%$7

27 B$-$. *%7 A*%# S&$h%e$ (e5$,$# D/(e+ Pe)5#)5#+, &$+, el$h 5e%(e*#$

)el'$+,.$+ ;$.' '+'. )e)5e%# 5#)5#+,$+4 $%$h$+4 .%##.4 ($%$+ *$+

.e($5$%$+ 5el#$' *$l$) -%/(e( -e+,e%$$+ *$%# $;$l h#+,,$ -%/-/($l

-e+el##$+ #+# *$-$ *#(ele($#.$+7

7 B$-$. *%7 Je+(e+ L$'$+4 M7Ke( (el$.' #) -e+&'('+ .$%&$ 'l#( #l)#$h #+#7

7 Te%#(#)e;$ A&$h$+*$ A#-' S'he+*%/ *$+ I5'+*$ e%($&$+, M$%#$ Ul9$h

&$+, *e+,$+ ($5$% )e)5e%#.$+ *'.'+,$+ )/%#l *$+ )$e%#l (e%$ l#)-$h$+

.$(#h ($&$+, .e-$*$ -e+'l#(7

7 Sel$+'+&$ .e-$*$ &$+, ($&$ h/%)$# +e+e. ($&$ H7 M'(+#. 5e(e%$.el'$%,$ 5e($% $l)$%h') S/e%/(/ *$+ .el'$%,$ 5e($% $l)$%h') M'h$))$*

D$)#l $$( *'.'+,$+ */$ %e(' 5$#. +$(#h$ )$'-'+ -e'+'. .e-$*$ -e+'l#(

*$+ .e-$*$ (el'%'h .el'$%,$ &$+, #*$. *$-$ -e+'l#( (e5'.$+ ($'3-e%($'7

7 A5$+,4 .$.$. *$+ $*#. e%#+$ M$'l#*#$4 S#l=#4 M'9$%#'**#+4 S$')#4 A+,,$4

G#$4 A#+'+4 T$(&$4 A(;#+4 Ilh$)4 A'l#$4 L#$4 H$9# &$+, el$h )e)5e%#.$+

*'.'+,$+ .e-$*$ -e+'l#( *$l$) )e+&ele($#.$+ -e+*#*#.$+ #+#7


7/41

=#

!7 C#+$ *$+ ($&$+, '+'. N'% M$%#(&$ R$)$*h$+# &$+, (el$l' )e+e)$+#

-e+'l#( *$l$) ('.$ )$'-'+ *'.$ (e%$ )e)5e%# *'.'+,$+ *$+ (e)$+,$

&$+, #$*$ he+#3he+#+&$ .e-$*$ -e+'l#(7

87 Te)$+3e)$+ 6 D;#4 L#$ P'%;$+#4 N$+& Ch%#(#+$4 M$%#($4 T7 Z'l9$

H$(*#$+#4 S'+*$%#4 S%# R$h$&' S$%$,#4 T%# Je++&4 S'%&$ I+*$h P'%$4

S&$h-'%$4 S&$;$l#+$ F#%#4 D/+#4 N/&$4 I(#4 N#$ &$+, )e)5$+' -e+'l#(

*$l$) )e+&el($#.$+ -%/-/($l -e+el##$+ #+#7

7 B$-$.I5' &$+, el$h 5e%(e*#$ )e+$*# ($)-el *$l$) -e+el##$+ #+# &$+,

+$)$+&$ #*$. )'+,.#+ *#(e5'.$+ ($' -e% ($'7

Pe+'l#( el$h 5e%'($h$ (e)$.(#)$l )'+,.#+ '+'. )e+&'('+ K$%&$ T'l#(Il)#$h #+# *e+,$+ (e5$#. )'+,.#+4 )$.$ h$+&$ *e)#.#$+l$h &$+, *$-$ Pe+'l#(

($#.$+ *$+ Pe+'l#( *e+,$+ (e+$+, h$# )e+e%#)$ .%##. *$+ ($%$+ &$+, (#9$+&$

)e)5$+,'+7 A.h#%+&$4 Pe+'l#( 5e%h$%$- (e)/,$ -e+'l#($+ K$%&$ T'l#( Il)#$h #+#

*$-$ )e)5e%#.$+ )$+9$$ 5$,# .#$ (e)'$7

Me*$+4 18 Me# 2012

Pe+'l#(

S'%&$ F$h%/#

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ************************************************************** "

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ****************************************************************** ""

ABSTRAK ********************************************************************************************* """

ABSTRACT ****************************************************************************************** "


8/41

=##

KATA PENGANTAR ***************************************************************************

DAFTAR ISI ****************************************************************************************** ""

DAFTAR TABEL*********************************************************************************** "

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ********************************************************************** 1

171 L$$% Bel$.$+, 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1

172 R')'($+ M$($l$h 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 2

17 T''$+ Pe+el##$+ 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

17 M$+9$$ Pe+el##$+ 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ********************************************************** ;

271 A+#5#/#. 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

27171 De9#+#(# 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

27172 Me.$+#()e Ke%$ 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

2717 Re(#(e+(# A+#5#/#. 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

2717 E9e. S$)-#+, 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 !

2717 F$./% P$(#e+ Y$+, Me)-e+,$%'h# F$%)$./*+$)#. D$+

F$%)$./.#+e#. 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 8

2717 Se5$5 Ke,$,$l$+ Te%$-# 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

2717! Pe+,,'+$$+ A+#)#.%/5$ D# Kl#+#. 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 10

272 E-#*e)#/l/,# Ke$*#$+ Re(#(e+(# B$.e%# Te%h$*$- A+#5#/#. 1

27 Pe%$'%$+ Me+,e+$# D#(%#5'(# A+#5#/#. 777777777777777777777777777777777 1

27 Ke%$+,.$ Te/%# 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN******************************************************* 16

71 Ke%$+,.$ K/+(e- Pe+el##$+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1

72 De9#+#(# Pe+el##$+ 777777 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1

7 De($#+ $$' e+#( -e+el##$+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1!

7 L/.$(# *$+ $.' Pe+el##$+ 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1!

771 L/.$(# Pe+el##$+ 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1!


9/41

=###

772 $.' Pe+el##$+ 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1!

7 P/-'l$(# *$+ S$)-el Pe+el##$+ 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1!

7 Te.+#. Pe+,')-'l$+ D$$ 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 18

7! Pe+,/l$h$+ *$+ A+$l#($ D$$ 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1

78 Ke%$+,.$ O-e%$(#/+$l 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1

7 J$*;$l Pel$.($+$$+ 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 20

BAB I< HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN********************* 21

71 H$(#l Pe+el##$+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 21

7171 De(.%#-(# L/.$(# Pe+el##$+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 21

7172 De(.%#-(# K$%$.e%#(#. Re(-/+*e+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 21

717 T#+,.$ Pe+,e$h'$+ M$(&$%$.$ Te+$+, A+#5#/#. Y$+,

D#-e%/leh Se$%$ Be5$( D# Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'%77777777777777777 2

72 Pe)5$h$($+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 2

BAB < KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN************************************************* 28

71 Ke(#)-'l$+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 28

72 S$%$+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 28

DAFTAR PUSTAKA *************************************************************************** 2=

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR TABEL

N/)/% J'*'l H$l$)$+

T$5el 71 J$*;$l Pel$.($+$$+ 20

T$5el 71 D#(%#5'(# Be%*$($%.$+ Je+#( Kel$)#+ 21

T$5el 72 D#(%#5'(# Re(-/+*e+ Be%*$($%.$+ U)'% 22


10/41

#@

T$5el 7 D#(%#5'(# Re(-/+*e+ Be%*$($%.$+

T#+,.$ Pe+*#*#.$+ 22

T$5el 7 D#(%#5'(# Re(-/+*e+ Be%*$($%.$+ Pe.e%$$+ 2

T$5el 7 D#(%#5'(# Re(-/+*e+ Be%*$($%.$+

Pe+,h$(#l$+ R$$3R$$ 2

T$5el 7 D#(%#5'(# Re(-/+*e+ Be%*$($%.$+

Pe%$+&$$+ K'e(#/+e% 2

T$5el 7! D#(%#5'(# Re(-/+*e+ Be%*$($%.$+

T#+,.$ Pe+,e$h'$+ 2


11/41

1

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1*1 L,3,) Be,,#$

A+#5#/#. )e%'-$.$+ /5$ &$+, (e%#+, *#%e(e-.$+ */.e% '+'.

)e+,/5$# -e+&$.# #+9e.(#7 N$)'+4 -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. &$+, #*$. e-$

#+*#.$(#4 #*$. e-$ */(#( *$+ #*$. e-$ $%$ -e)5e%#$++&$ $.$+ )e+#+,.$.$+

.e$*#$+ %e(#(e+(# .')$+ e%h$*$- $+#5#/#.4 (eh#+,,$ )e+&e5$5.$+ .e,$,$l$+

-e+,/5$$+7

A+#5#/#. #*$. )e+,'%$+,# *$)-$. +e,$#9 *$%# 5e%5$,$# -e+&$.#

#+9e.(# &$+, (e5el')+&$ #*$. *$-$ *#/5$#7 N$)'+4 -$*$ $;$l $5$* .e321

5$+&$. $+#5#/#. &$+, .ee9e.#9$++&$ )'l$# )e+'%'+4 .$%e+$ 5$+&$.

)#.%//%,$+#()e ('*$h %e(#(e+ e%h$*$- $+#5#/#.761

D$%# (e5'$h -e+el##$+ %e(#(e+(# 5$.e%# S%e-//'( -+e')/+#$e &$+,

5e%$($l *$%# 11 +e,$%$ *# A(#$ e%h$*$- 5e5e%$-$ e+#( $+#5#/#.4 "#e+$)

)e+e)-$# -e%(e+$(e e%#+,,# '+'. %e(#(e+(# e%h$*$- -e+#(#l#+ *$+

e%&h%/)&#+ , (e*$+,.$+ #+,.$ e%#+,,# *$%# %e(#(e+(# e%h$*$- #-%/9l/@$#+

*#*'*'.# /leh H/+, K/+,762

Pe+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. *#-e+,$%'h# /leh 5e5e%$-$ 9$./%4 (e-e%#

-e+,e$h'$+ */.e% *$+ -$(#e+ e+$+, $+#5#/#.4 ($'( e./+/)#4 )$(&$%$.$ *$+

./+*#(# .$%$.e%#(#. -el$&$+$+ (#(e) .e(eh$$+4 *$+ %e,'l$(# l#+,.'+,$+ *# ('$'

+e,$%$7 A+#5#/#. &$+, *#,'+$.$+ (e$%$ 5e5$( $+-$ %e(e- */.e%4 (e%#+,

)e+&e5$5.$+ .e($l$h$+ *$l$) -e+,,'+$$++&$4 $+$%$ l$#+ (e%#+, #*$. e%$'%

)$.$+ /5$ *$+ #*$. )e+&ele($#.$+ -e+,/5$$+4 .$%e+$ ('*$h )e%$($ (e)5'h

$$' #*$. )$)-' )e)5#$&$# -e+,/5$$+ ($)-$# (ele($#7 K/+*#(# #+#

)e+&e5$5.$+ #*$. '+$(+&$ -%/(e( e%$*#.$(# 5$.e%#4 &$+, e%$*#+&$ -%/(e(

)'$(# .')$+4 (eh#+,,$ )e+$*# .e5$l $$' %e(#(e+ e%h$*$- $+#5#/#. e%(e5'7

J#.$ -$(#e+ e%#+9e.(# .e)5$l# /leh 5$.e%# &$+, ($)$ &$+, %e(#(e+(# e%h$*$-

$+#5#/#. $$' #.$ 5$.e%# e%(e5' )e+,#+9e.(# #+*#=#*' &$+, l$#+4 )$.$

-e+,/5$$++&$ )e+$*# ('l#7 U+'. )e+,$$(# h$l #+# *#-e%l'.$+ $+#5#/#.

,/l/+,$+ $$' e+#( l$#+4 &$+, le5#h (e+(##9 *$+ le5#h )$h$l761


12/41

2

U+'. )el$;$+ )$($l$h3)$($l$h &$+, *#(e5$5.$+ /leh )'+'l *$+

)e+&e5$%+&$ %e(#(e+(# $+#5#/#.4 -$*$ $h'+ 20014 HO )el'+'%.$+ (%$e,#

,l/5$l -e%$)$ &$+, *#.e+$l (e5$,$# WHO Global Strategy for Containment of

Antimicrobial Resistance. H$l #+# )e+e.$+.$+ 5$h;$ %e(#(e+(# $+#5#/#.

)e%'-$.$+ )$($l$h ,l/5$l &$+, h$%'( *#-e%h$#.$+ (el'%'h +e,$%$7 S%$e,#

e%(e5' )e+,$+'%.$+ #+e%=e+(# &$+, *$-$ )e)-e%l$)5$ *$+ )e+,'%$+,#

-e+&e5$%$+ %e(#(e+(# $+#5#/#.7 I+e%=e+(# &$+, *$-$ *#e%$-.$+ *# (el'%'h

+e,$%$ e%(e5' 5e%'-$ -e+,e+$l$+ -e%'+*$+,3'+*$+,$+ *$+ -e%$'%$+ )e+,e+$#

-e%.e)5$+,$+4 -e%##+$+4 *#(%#5'(# *$+ -e%*$,$+,$+ $+#5#/#.7 Me(.#-'+

'+*$+,3'+*$+, e%(e5' $*$4 )$(#h 5$+&$. $-/e. *# 5e%5$,$# +e,$%$ &$+,

)el$.'.$+ -el$+,,$%$+ e%h$*$- -e%$'%$+3-e%$'%$+ &$+, el$h *#e$-.$+7 61

Me+'%' "/l-$/4 !< *$+ 10! $-/e. &$+, *#.'+'+,# *# J/#+=#lle4

B%$#l e%)$('. 88< $-/e.4 &$+, *#*$9$% /leh Municipial Health Secretary

5e%(e*#$ '+'. )e+'$l $+#5#/#. $+-$ %e(e- */.e%76

D# I+*/+e(#$4 '+*$+,3'+*$+, &$+, )e+,$'% -e+'$l$+ $+#5#/#. e%'l#(

*$l$) '+*$+,3'+*$+, /5$ .e%$( S7 N/7 1 $+,,$l 22 De(e)5e% 14 &$+,

-$*$ -$($l 1 )el$)-#%.$+ 5$h;$ ($l$h ($' /5$ .e%$( $*$l$h /5$ &$+, )$)-'

)e+*e(#+9e.(# (e-e%# $+#5#/#.76

Pe+el##$+ )e+,e+$# -e%*$,$+,$+ 5e5$( $+#5#/#. *# I+*/+e(#$ )$(#h

($+,$ (e*#.#4 )$.$ -e%l' *#l$.'.$+ -e+el##$+ '+'. )e+,e$h'# #+,.$

-e+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$ e+$+, -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. &$+, *#-e%/leh (e$%$

5e5$( *# Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'%7

1*2 R%%4,# M,4,,-

T#+,,#+&$ -%e=$le+(# #+9e.(# )e+#+,.$.$+ -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#.7Pe+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. *#-e%/leh (e$%$ 5e5$( $+-$ %e(e- */.e% )e+,$.#5$.$+

-e+,,'+$$+ &$+, #*$. e-$ #+*#.$(#4 #*$. e-$ */(#(4 #*$. e-$ $%$ *$+ ;$.'

-e)5e%#$++&$ /leh -e+,,'+$7 H$l #+# )e+$*# ($l$h ($' 9$./% -e+&e5$5

)e+#+,.$+&$ %e(#(e+(# .')$+ e%h$*$- $+#5#/#.7 Oleh .$%e+$ #' #+,#+

*#.e$h'# #+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$ e+$+, -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. &$+,

*#-e%/leh (e$%$ 5e5$( *# Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'%7

1*> T%&%,# Pe#e"3",#


13/41

T#+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$ e+$+, -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. &$+,

*#-e%/leh (e$%$ 5e5$( *# Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'%7

T''$+ .h'('( :

$7 U+'. )e+,e$h'# #+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$ e+$+, $+#5#/#. &$+,

*#./+(')(# (e$%$ 5e5$(7

57 U+'. )e+,e$h'# #+,.$ -e+*#*#.$+ )$(&$%$.$ &$+, )e+,,'+$.$+

$+#5#/#. (e$%$ 5e5$(7

7 U+'. )e+,e$h'# e+#( -e.e%$$+ )$(&$%$.$ &$+, )e+,,'+$.$+ $+#5#/#.7

*7 U+'. )e+,e$h'# e+#( .el$)#+ &$+, le5#h (e%#+, )e+,,'+$.$+ $+#5#/#.7

e7 U+'. )e+,e$h'# -e+,h$(#l$+ %$$3%$$ &$+, )e+,,'+$.$+ $+#5#/#.7

1*; M,#?,,3

$7 D$$ $$' #+9/%)$(# h$(#l -e+el##$+ #+# *$-$ *#)$+9$$.$+ /leh B$l$#

Be($% Pe+,$;$($+ O5$ *$+ M$.$+$+ 6POM K/$ B#+$# '+'. le5#h

)e)-e%h$#.$+ -e+'$l$+ $+#5#/#. (e$%$ 5e5$( &$+, #*$. (e('$# *e+,$+

-e%$'%$+ -e%'+*$+,3'+*$+,$+ &$+, 5e%l$.'7

57 Se5$,$# )$('.$+ 5$,# -e)e%#+$h '+'. le5#h )e)-e%h$#.$+ -e+e%$-$+

'+*$+,3'+*$+, /5$ .e%$( *$l$) ('$' -el$&$+$+ .e(eh$$+7

7 Se5$,$# )$('.$+ 5$,# -e+&'('+$+ $$' -el$.($+$$+ -%/,%$) e%h$*$-

-e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. &$+, %$(#/+$l '+'. )$(&$%$.$ $;$)7

BAB II


14/41

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2*1 A#3"!"53"

2*1*1 De?e#"4"

Pe+,e%#$+ $+#5#/#. (e$%$ (e)-# $*$l$h (e+&$;$ &$+, *#h$(#l.$+

5e%5$,$# e+#( )#.%//%,$+#()e 65$.e%#4 9'+,#4 *$+ $.#+/)#(ee( &$+, )e+e.$+

)#.%//%,$+#()e l$#++&$7 N$)'+4 -e+,,'+$$++&$ (e$%$ ')') (e%#+, .$l#

)e)-e%l'$( #(#l$h antibioti! (eh#+,,$ )el#-'# (e+&$;$ $+#)#.%/5$ (#+e#.4

(e-e%# ('l9/+$)#*e *$+ ?'#+/l/+e7 R$'($+ $+#5#/#. el$h 5e%h$(#l *##*e+#9#.$(#

*$+ *#.e)5$+,.$+ (eh#+,,$ *$-$ *#)$+9$$.$+ *$l$) e%$-# -e+&$.# #+9e.(#7 6

A+#5#/#. $*$l$h $ &$+, *#h$(#l.$+ /leh ('$' )#.%/5$4 e%'$)$ 9'+,#4 &$+,

*$-$ )e+,h$)5$ $$' *$-$ )e)5$()# )#.%/5$ e+#( l$#+7 B$+&$. $+#5#/#.

*e;$($ #+# *#5'$ (e$%$ (e)#(#+e#. $$' (#+e#. -e+'h7 N$)'+ *$l$) -%$.e.

(eh$%#3h$%# $+#)#.%/5$ (#+e#. &$+, #*$. *#'%'+.$+ *$%# -%/*'. )#.%/5$

6)#($l+&$ ('l9/+$)#*e *$+ .'#+/l/+ ',$ (e%#+, *#,/l/+,.$+ (e5$,$# $+#5#/#.7

6

2*1*2 Me,#"4e Ke)&,

C$%$ .e%$+&$ &$+, e%-e+#+, $*$l$h -e%#+$+,$+ (#+e($ -%/e#+4

(eh#+,,$ .')$+ )'(+$h $$' #*$. 5e%.e)5$+, l$,#4 )#($l+&$ .l/%$)9e+#./l4

e%$(#.l#+4 $)#+/,l#./(#*$4 )$.%/l#*$ *$+ l#+./)#(#+76! Be%*$($%.$+ )e.$+#()e

.e%$+&$4 $+#)#.%/5$ *#5$,# *$l$) l#)$ .el/)-/.:

17 Me+,,$+,,' )e$5/l#()e (el )#.%/5$ 6('l9/+$)#*e *$+ %#)e/-%#+

27 Me+,h$)5$ (#+e(#( *#+*#+, (el )#.%/5$ 6-e+#(#l#+ *$+ (e9$l/(-/%#+

7 Me+,,$+,,' -e%)e$5#l#$( )e)5%$+ (el )#.%/5$ 6-/l#)#.(#+4 $$ -/l#e+

*$+ #)#*$/l

7 Me+,h$)5$ (#+e(#( -%/e#+ (el )#.%/5$ 6e%&%h/)&#+4 e%$(#.l#+ *$+

.l/%$)9e+#./l

7 Me+,h$)5$ (#+e(#( $$' )e%'($. $($) +'.le$ (el )#.%/5$ 6,/l/+,$+

.'#+/l/+ *$+ %#9$)-#(#+76


15/41

Me.$+#()e .e%$ (e#$- $+#5#/#. 5e%5e*$35e*$7 S$l$h ($' e+#(

$+#5#/#. )#($l+&$ -e+#(#l#+4 (e-e%# (e)'$ $+#5#/#. 13l$.$)4 )e+,h$)5$

-e%')5'h$+ 5$.e%# *e+,$+ )e+,,$+,,' %e$.(# %$+-e-#*$(# *$l$) (#+e(#(

*#+*#+, (el 5$.e%#768 Kh$(#$ 5$.e%#(#*$ *$l$) 9$(e -e%')5'h$+ .')$+4

5e%*$($%.$+ -e+,h$)5$$+ (#+e($ peptidoglian &$+, *#-e%l'.$+ .')$+ '+'.

.e$+,,'h$+ *#+*#+,+&$7 Ke-e.$$++&$ e%h$*$- beta"latamse le5#h %e+*$h

*$%#-$*$ -e+#(#l#+7 Te%$(#.l#+ )e.$+#()e .e%$+&$ 5e%*$($%.$+ *#,$+,,'+&$

(#+e($ -%/e#+ .')$+76! Kl/%$)9e+#./l 5e.e%$ *e+,$+ )e+,h$)5$ (#+e(#(

-%/e#+ .')$+4 ')')+&$ 5e%(#9$ 5$.e%#/($#.7 P$*$ ./+(e+%$(# &$+, #+,,#

.l/%$)9e+#./l .$*$+,3.$*$+, 5e%(#9$ 5$.e%#(#*76 Me.$+#()e .e%$ *$%#

('l9/+$)#* )e+,h$)5$ (#+e(#( $($) +'.le$ *$+ )e+,h$)5$ dihidropteroat

sintase *$+ -%/*'.(# 9/l$7 T%#)e/-%#) (e$%$ (ele.#9 )e+,h$)5$ $($)

dihidrofolat redutase 5$.e%#4 &$+, )e+,'5$h $($) dihidrofolat )e+$*# $($)

tetrahidrofolat, ('$' $h$- )e+'' (#+e(#( -'%#+ *$+ -$*$ $.h#%+&$ (#+e(#(

DNA7 Me.$+#()e .e%$ .'#+/l/+ )e+&e.$ (#+e(#( DNA 5$.e%# *e+,$+

)e+,h$)5$ /-/#(/)e%$(e II 6DNA ,#%$(e *$+ /-/#(/)e%$(e I" 5$.e%#7

Me.$+#()e .e%$ %#9$)-#(#+ ($+,$ $.#9 e%h$*$- (el &$+, (e*$+, ')5'h7

Ke%$+&$ )e+,h$)5$ #$A"dependent R$A polymerase *$%# )#.%/5$.e%#$ *$+

)#.%//%,$+#()e l$#+ *e+,$+ )e+e.$+ )'l$ e%5e+'.+&$ 65'.$+ -e)$+$+,$+

%$+$# *$l$) (#+e(#( RNA768 P/l#)#.(#+ 5e%(#9$ 5$.e%#(#*$7 P/l#)#.(#+ )ele.$

-$*$ )e)5%$+ (el 5$.e%# &$+, .$&$ *e+,$+ fosfatidiletanolamin *$+

)e+,,$+,,' (#9$ /()/#. (e%$ )e.$+#()e %$+(-/% -$*$ )e)5%$+76

2*1*> Re4"43e#4" A#3"!"53"

Re(#(e+(# $+#5#/#. )e%'-$.$+ ('$' .e$*$$+ #*$. e%,$+,,'+&$

)#.%/5$ /leh $+#)#.%/5$7 Re(#(e+(# $+#5#/#. *$-$ e%$*# .$%e+$

-e+&$l$h,'+$$+ *$+ -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. &$+, 5e%le5#h$+4 -e+,,'+$$+

$+#5#/#. &$+, #*$. )e+&ele($#.$+ -e+,/5$$+ $+#5#/#.4 (eh#+,,$ 5e%)'$(#

*$+ )e+$*# %e(#(e+7610


16/41

A,$% ('$' $+#5#/#. e9e.#94 $+#5#/#. e%(e5' h$%'( )e+$-$#

$%,e+&$4 5e%#.$$+ *e+,$++&$4 *$+ )e+,,$+,,' 9'+,(#+&$7 Re(#(e+(# 5$.e%#

e%h$*$- (e+&$;$ $+#)#.%/5$ e%5$,# *$l$) .el/)-/. ')') &$#'4 /5$ #*$.

)e+$-$# $%,e+&$4 /5$ #*$. $.#94 *$+ $%,e 5e%'5$h76

Se$%$ ,$%#( 5e($% .')$+ *$-$ )e+$*# %e(#(e+ e%h$*$- ('$'

$+#)#.%/5$ )el$l'# #,$ )e.$+#()e :

$ O5$ #*$. *$-$ )e+$-$# e)-$ .e%$+&$ *# *$l$) (el )#.%/5$76

Me)5%$+ l'$% 5$.e%# ,%$)3+e,$#9 )e%'-$.$+ ($;$% -e%)e$5#l##$( &$+,

)e+e,$h )/le.'l3)/le.'l -/l$% 5e%'.'%$+ 5e($% )e)$('.# (el7 M/le.'l3

)/le.'l -/l$% 5e%'.'%$+ .e#l4 e%)$('. 5$+&$. $+#5#/#.4 )$('. .e*$l$) (el

)el$l'# ($l'%$+ &$+, e%5'$ *$%# -%/e#+ &$+, *#(e5' porin7 J#.$ ($l'%$+ -/%#+

&$+, e-$ #*$. $*$4 $$' e%$*# )'$(#4 $$' h#l$+,4 )$.$ h$l e%(e5' *$-$

)e)-e%l$)5$ l$'4 $$' ($)$ (e.$l# )e+e,$h )$('.+&$ /5$ .e*$l$) (el4

(eh#+,,$ $.$+ )e+'%'+.$+ ./+(e+%$(# e9e.#9 /5$ -$*$ l/.$(# $%,e7 J#.$ $%,

5e%$*$ *$l$) (el *$+ /5$ )e)e%l'.$+ %$+(-/% $.#9 '+'. )ele;$# )e)5%$+

(el4 )$.$ )'$(# $$' ./+*#(# l#+,.'+,$+ &$+, )e+,he+#.$+ )e.$+#()e

%$+(-/% #+# *$-$ )e+&e5$5.$+ %e(#(e+(#76

5 I+$.#=$(# /5$

"$%#$(# *$%# )e.$+#()e #+# $*$l$h ,$,$l+&$ (el 5$.e%# '+'. )e+,'5$h /5$

#+$.#9 )e+$*# )e$5/l# $.#97 Pe%'5$h$+ -$*$ $%,e e%(e5' *$-$ e%$*# $.#5$

)'$(# $%,e $l$)#4 )/*#9#.$(# $%,e4 *$+ ('5(#'(# $%,e $($l &$+, %e+$+

*e+,$+ $le%+$#9 l$#+ &$+, %e(#(e+7 Me.$+#()e %e(#(e+(# #+# e%$*# $.#5$

)e+'%'++&$ -e+,#.$$+ /5$ /leh $%,e .%##( $$' ('5(#'(# *e+,$+ $%,e 5$%'

&$+, #*$. *$-$ )e+,#.$ /5$ &$+, *#''.$+ '+'. $%,e $($l+&$76

M#.%/5$ )e+,'5$h e)-$ #.$$+ 6*#+*#+, site $+#)#.%/5$

Me.$+#()e #+# e%l#h$ -$*$ S7 $'%e'( &$+, %e(#(e+ e%h$*$- )e#(#l#+

6MRSA7 K')$+ #+# )e+,'5$h %enicillin &inding %roteinnya 6PBP (eh#+,,$

$9#+#$(+&$ )e+'%'+ e%h$*$- )e#(#l#+ *$+ $+#5#/#. 5e$ l$.$) &$+, l$#+7 6


17/41

!

2*1*; E?e S,9"#$

U)')+&$ /5$ )e)-'+&$# le5#h *$%# ($' $.(# $$' e9e.7 Ke,'+$$+

e%$-# ('$' /5$ e%,$+'+, (ele.#=#$( $.(#+&$4 (eh#+,,$ )e%'-$.$+ e9e. &$+,

-$l#+, )e+/+/l *$+ h$+&$ -$*$ ('$' .el/)-/. (el $$' 9'+,(# /%,$+7 E9e. $$'

$.(# -/./. $*$l$h ($' ($'+&$ e9e. -$*$ le$. -%#)e% 5#l$ $*$ ($' e9e. &$+,

*#,'+$.$+ '+'. e%$-# *#(e5' e9e. e%$-#7 Se*$+,.$+ e9e. ($)-#+, $*$l$h e9e.

('$' /5$ &$+, #*$. e%)$('. .e,'+$$+ e%$-#7611

E9e. ($)-#+, -e+,,'+$$+ $+#).%/5$ *#.el/)-/..$+ )e+'%' :

$7 Re$.(# $le%,#

Re$.(# $le%,# *$-$ *##)5'l.$+ /leh (e)'$ $+#5#/#. *e+,$+ )el#5$.$+

(#(e) #)'+ '5'h h/(-e(4 e%$*#+&$ #*$. 5e%,$+'+, -$*$ 5e($%+&$ */(#( /5$7

M$+#9e($(# ,e$l$ *$+ *e%$$ 5e%$+&$ %e$.(# *$-$ 5e%=$%#$(#7

57 Re$.(# #*#/(#+.%$(#

Ge$l$ #+# )e%'-$.$+ %e$.(# $5+/%)$l &$+, *#'%'+.$+ (e$%$ ,e+e#.

e%h$*$- -e)5e%#$+ $+#)#.%/5$ e%e+'7 Se5$,$# /+/h4 10< -%#$ 5e%.'l# h#$)

$.$+ )e+,$l$)# $+e)#$ he)/l##. 5e%$ 5#l$ )e+*$-$ -%#)$.'#+7 I+# *#(e5$5.$+

)e%e.$ .e.'%$+,$+ e+#) GPD7

7 Re$.(# /.(#.

P$*$ ')')+&$ 5e%(#9$ /.(#.3(ele.#94 e$-# (#9$ #+# %el$#97 E9e. /.(#. -$*$

h/(-e( *##)5'l.$+ /leh (e)'$ e+#( $+#)#.%/5$7 Y$+, )'+,.#+ *$-$ *#$+,,$-

%el$#9 #*$. /.(#. ($)-$# .#+# #$l$h ,/l/+,$+ -e+#(#l#+7 D$l$) )e+#)5'l.$+ e9e.

/.(#.4 )$(#+,3)$(#+, $+#)#.%/5$ *$-$ )e)#l#.# -%e*#le.(# e%h$*$- /%,$+ $$'

(#(e) e%e+' -$*$ '5'h h/(-e(7

*7 Pe%'5$h$+ 5#/l/,# *$+ )e$5/l#. -$*$ h/(-e(

Pe+,,'+$$+ $+#)#.%/5$4 e%'$)$ &$+, 5e%(-e.%') l'$(4 *$-$ )e+,,$+,,'

.e(e#)5$+,$+ e./l/,#. )#.%/9l/%$ (eh#+,,$ e+#( )#.%/5$ &$+, )e+#+,.$

')l$h -/-'l$(#+&$ *$-$ )e+$*# -$/,e+7 G$+,,'$+ .e(e#)5$+,$+ e./l/,#.

)#.%/9l/%$ +/%)$l *$-$ e%$*# *# ($l'%$+ e%+$4 +$9$( *$+ .el$)#+4 *$+ -$*$

.'l#7 P$*$ 5e5e%$-$ .e$*$$+ -e%'5$h$+ #+# *$-$ e%$*# )e+#)5'l.$+ super

infesi &$#' ('$' #+9e.(# 5$%' &$+, e%$*# $.#5$ e%$-# #+9e.(# -%#)e% *e+,$+

('$' $+#)#.%/5$7 M#.%/5$ -e+&e5$5 ('-e%#+9e.(# 5#$($+&$ #$l$h e+#( )#.%/5$


18/41

8

&$+, )e+$*# */)#+$+ -e%')5'h$++&$ $.#5$ -e+,,'+$$+ $+#)#.%/5$4

')-$)$+&$ $+*#*#$(#( (e%#+, #)5'l (e5$,$# $.#5$ -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#.

5e%(-e.%') l'$(4 .h'('(+&$ e%$(#.l#+76

2*1*@ F,35) P,4"e# Y,#$ Me9e#$,)%-" F,),5("#," D,#

F,),5"#e3"

A*$-'+ &$+, )e)-e+,$%'h# 9$%)$./*#+$)#. *$+ 9$%)$./.#+e#. /5$

(e5$,$# 5e%#.' :

,/ U%)

Ne/+$'( -$*$ ')')+&$ )e)#l#.# /%,$+ $$' (#(e) '5'h &$+, 5el')

5e%.e)5$+, (e-e+'h+&$7 U)-$)$+&$ 9'+,(# ,l'.'%/+#*$(# /leh he-$% 5el')

'.'- l$+$%4 (eh#+,,$ )e)'*$h.$+ e%$*#+&$ e9e. /.(#. /leh .l/%$)9e+#./l7

O%$+, &$+, 5e%'(#$ l$+' (e%#+, )e+,$l$)# .e)'+*'%$+ 9'+,(# /%,$+ $$' (#(e)

e%e+'4 (eh#+,,$ %e$.(# '5'h e%h$*$- -e)5e%#$+ /5$ 5e%'5$h4 5$#. *$l$) (e,#

9$%)$./*#+$)#. )$'-'+ (e,# 9$%)/.#+e#.7 U+'. .e*'$ ,/l/+,$+ ')'% e%(e5'

*# $$(4 -/(/l/,# /5$4 e%)$('. $+#)#.%/5$4 h$%'( *#(e('$#.$+ *e+,$+ .e$*$$+

)$(#+, )$(#+,76

!/ Ke-,",#

Pe)5e%#$+ /5$ -$*$ #5' h$)#l h$%'( *#(e%$# -e%#)5$+,$+ .e)'+,.#+$+

e%$*#+&$ e9e. ($)-#+, -$*$ #5' )$'-'+ -$*$ $+#+7 I5' h$)#l -$*$ ')')+&$

le5#h -e.$ e%h$*$- -e+,$%'h /5$ e%e+'4 e%)$('. $+#)#.%/5$7 Se*$+,.$+

.e)'+,.#+$+ #)5'l+&$ -$*$ 9e'(4 e%,$+'+, -$*$ *$&$ /5$ )e+e)5'( ($;$%

'%# (e%$ '(#$ $+#+7 Pe)5e%#$+ (%e-/)#(#+ -$*$ #5' &$+, h$)#l '$ *$-$

)e+#)5'l.$+ .e'l#$+ -$*$ 5$ &$+, *#l$h#%.$+4 (e*$+,.$+ -e)5e%#$+

$+#)#.%/5$ -$*$ .eh$)#l$+ %#(e)e(e% -e%$)$ h$%'( *##+,$ 5$h$&$

e%$/,e+e(#(+&$76

/ Ge#e3"

A*$+&$ -e%5e*$$+ $+$% %$( *$-$ )e+#)5'l.$+ -e%5e*$$+ %e$.(# e%h$*$-

/5$7 Se5$,$# /+/h *e9#(#e+(# e+#) GPD *$-$ )e+#)5'l.$+ he)/l#(#( $.#5$

-e)5e%#$+ ('l9/+$)#*4 .l/%$)9e+#./l4 *$-(/+ $$' +#%/9'%$+/#+76


19/41

(/ Ke,(,,# P,355$" T%!%- H549e4

Ke$*$$+ -$/l/,#. '5'h h/(-e( *$-$ )e+,'5$h 9$%)$./*#+$)#. *$+

9$%)$./.#+e#. $+#)#.%/5$ e%e+'7 Ke$*$$+ 9'+,(# h$# *$+ ,#+$l -e+#+,

*#.e$h'# *$l$) -e)5e%#$+ /5$4 e%)$('. -e)5e%#$+ $+#)#.%/5$4 (e5$5 .e*'$

/%,$+ e%(e5' 5e%-e+,$%'h 5e($% -$*$ 9$%)$./.#+e#. /5$7 G$+,,'$+ -$*$ he-$%

*$-$ )e+&e5$5.$+ ,$+,,'$+ -$*$ 5#/%$+(9/%)$(# )$'-'+ -$*$ e.(.%e(# /5$

)el$l'# e)-e*'7 J$*#4 ($)$ *e+,$+ -e)5e%#$+ /5$ l$#+4 -$*$ -e)5e%#$+

$+#)#.%/5$ (e5$#.+&$ (el$l' *#-e%h$#.$+ .e)'+,.#+$+ $*$+&$ ,$+,,'$+ 9'+,(#

/%,$+ $$' (#(e) '5'h4 .h'('(+&$ h$# *$+ ,#+$l4 ,'+$ )e+*$-$.$+ e9e. e%$-#

/-#)$l76

2*1*6 Se!,! Ke$,$,,# Te),9"

A*$-'+ (e5$5 .e,$,$l$+ e%$-# $*$l$h (e5$,$# 5e%#.' :

,/ D54"4 +,#$ %),#$

D/(#( ('$' $+#)#.%/5$ (e%#+,.$l# e%,$+'+, *$%# e)-$ #+9e.(#4 ;$l$'-'+

.')$+ -e+&e5$5+&$ ($)$7 Se5$,$# /+/h */(#( -e+#(#l#+ G &$+, *#-e%l'.$+

'+'. )e+,/5$# )e+#+,##( /leh -+e')/./.'( $'h le5#h #+,,# *$%#-$*$ */(#(

&$+, *#-e%l'.$+ '+'. -e+,/5$$+ #+9e.(# ($l'%$+ +$9$( 5$;$h &$+, *#(e5$5.$+

/leh .')$+ &$+, ($)$76

!/ M,4, 3e),9" +,#$ %),#$

K/+(e- l$)$ &$+, )e+&$$.$+ 5$h;$ '+'. #$- e+#( #+9e.(# -e%l' *#5e%#.$+

$+#)#.%/5$ e%e+' (el$)$ $+,.$ ;$.' e%e+' .#+# el$h *##+,,$l.$+7 P$*$

')')+&$4 -$%$ $hl# e+*e%'+, )el$.'.$+ #+*#=#*'$l#($(# )$($ e%$-# &$+, (e('$#

*e+,$+ e%$-$# %e(-/+( .l#+#. &$+, )e)'$(.$+76

/ A(,#+, ?,35) e,#"

A5(e(4 5e+*$ $(#+,4 $%#+,$+ +e.%/#.4 (e.'e(e% 'l$+,4 5$' ($l'%$+ .e)#h4

)'.'( &$+, 5$+&$.4 *$+ l$#+3l$#+4 )e%'-$.$+ 9$./%39$./% &$+, *$-$

)e+,,$,$l.$+ e%$-# *e+,$+ $+#)#.%/5$7 T#+*$.$+ )e+,$$(# 9$./% )e.$+#.

e%(e5' &$#' -e+'#$+ l'.$4 *e5%#*e)e+4 #+(#(#4 *$+ l$#+3l$#+4 ($+,$

)e+e+'.$+ .e5e%h$(#l$+ )e+,$$(# #+9e.(#76


20/41

10

(/ Ke4,,-,# (,, e#e3,9,# e3"55$"

De)$) #*$. (el$l' *#(e5$5.$+ /leh .')$+7 "#%'(4 $)'%4 -$%$(#4 %e$.(#

/5$4 *$+ l$#+3l$#+ *$-$ )e+#+,.$.$+ ('h' 5$*$+7 Pe)5e%#$+ $+#)#.%/5$ &$+,

l$#) *#5e%#.$+ *$l$) .e$*$$+ #+# #*$. 5e%)$+9$$76

e/ F,35) ?,),5"#e3"

T#*$. (e)'$ 5$,#$+ '5'h *$-$ *#e)5'( *e+,$+ )'*$h /leh $+#)#.%/5$7

J$%#+,$+ -%/($ #$l$h /+/h /%,$+ &$+, ('l# *#$-$# /leh .e5$+&$.$+ /5$

*e+,$+ .$*$% &$+, $*e.'$76

?/ P""-,# ,#3"")5!, +,#$ %),#$ 3e9,3

S'$' *$9$% $+#)#.%/5$ &$+, *#+&$$.$+ e9e.#9 *$l$) '# .e-e.$$+ #*$.

*e+,$+ (e+*#%#+&$ )e+&$$.$+ 5$h;$ (e#$- $+#)#.%/5$ &$+, e%$+') #' $.$+

)e)5e%# e9e.#=#$( .l#+#. &$+, ($)$76

$/ F,35) 9,4"e#

Ke$*$$+ ')') &$+, 5'%'. *$+ ,$+,,'$+ )e.$+#()e -e%$h$+$+ '5'h

6(el'l$% *$+ h')/%$l )e%'-$.$+ 9$./% -e+#+, &$+, )e+&e5$5.$+ ,$,$l+&$

e%$-# $+#)#.%/5$76

2*1*7 Pe#$$%#,,# A#3"")5!, D" K"#"

A*$-'+ -e+,,'+$$+ $+#)#.%/5$ *# .l#+#. $*$l$h:

,/ I#(",4"

Pe+,,'+$$+ e%$-e'#. $+#)#.%/5$ *# .l#+#. 5e%''$+ )e)5$()# )#.%/5$

-e+&e5$5 #+9e.(#7 Pe+,,'+$$+ $+#)#.%/5$ *#e+'.$+ 5e%*$($%.$+ #+*#.$(#

*e+,$+ )e)-e%#)5$+,.$+ 9$./%39$./% 5e%#.' :

1 G$)5$%$+ .l#+#. -e+&$.# #+9e.(#4 &$.+# e9e. &$+, *##)5'l.$+ /leh

$*$+&$ )#.%/5$ *$l$) '5'h h/(-e(4 *$+ 5'.$+ 5e%*$($%.$+ $$(

.eh$*#%$+ )#.%/5$ e%(e5' (e)$$3)$$7

2 E9e. e%$-# $+#)#.%/5$ -$*$ -e+&$.# #+9e.(# *#-e%/leh h$+&$ (e5$,$#

$.#5$ .e%$ $+#)#.%/5$ e%h$*$- 5#/)e.$+#()e )#.%/5$4 *$+ #*$.

e%h$*$- 5#/)e.$+#()e '5'h h/(-e(7

A+#)#.%/5$ *$-$ *#.$$.$+ 5'.$+ )e%'-$.$+ /5$ -e+&e)5'h

-e+&$.# #+9e.(# *$l$) $%# .$$ (e5e+$%+&$7 A+#)#.%/5$ h$+&$l$h


21/41

11

)e++,.$.$+ ;$.' &$+, *#-e%l'.$+ '5'h h/(-e( '+'. (e)5'h *$%#

('$' -e+&$.# #+9e.(#7

Ge$l$ *e)$) &$+, )e%'-$.$+ ($l$h ($' ,e$l$ (#(e)#. -e+&$.#

#+9e.(# -$l#+, ')')4 #*$. )e%'-$.$+ #+*#.$/% &$+, .'$ '+'. -e)5e%#$+

$+#)#.%/5$7 Pe)5e%#$+ $+#)#.%/5$ 5e%*$($%.$+ $*$+&$ *e)$) #*$. 5#$.($+$4

.$%e+$ :

1 Pe)5e%#$+ $+#)#.%/5$ &$+, #*$. -$*$ e)-$+&$ *$-$ )e%',#.$+

-$(#e+ 65e%'-$ e9e. ($)-#+,4 *$+ )$(&$%$.$ (e.#$%+&$ 65e%'-$ )$($l$h

%e(#(e+(#7

2 De)$) *$-$ *#(e5$5.$+ /leh -e+&$.#3-e+&$.# #+9e.(# =#%'(4 &$+,

'.'- #+,,# $+,.$ .e$*#$++&$ *$+ #*$. *#-e%e-$ -e+&e)5'h$++&$

*e+,$+ -e)5e%#$$+ $+#)#.%/5$ &$+, l$#)7

De)$) *$-$ ',$ e%$*# -$*$ -e+&$.# +/+3#+9e.(#4 &$+, *e+,$+

(e+*#%#+&$ 5'.$+ #+*#.$(# -e)5e%#$+ $+#)#.%/5$7

Ke(#)-'l$++&$ #+*#.$(# '+'. )e)5e%#.$+ $+#)#.%/5$ -$*$ (e/%$+,

-$(#e+ h$%'(l$h *#-e%#)5$+,.$+ *e+,$+ (e.($)$4 *$+ ($+,$ e%,$+'+, -$*$

-e+,$l$)$+ -e+,$)$$+ .l#+#. */.e% &$+, )e+,/5$# -$(#e+76

!/ P""-,# A#3"")5!, D,# P5455$"

Me)#l#h $+#)#.%/5$ 5e%*$($%.$+ l'$( (-e.%') $+#)#.%/5$+&$4 #*$.

*#5e+$%.$+ .$%e+$ h$(#l e%$-# #*$. le5#h '+,,'l *$%#-$*$ h$(#l e%$-# *e+,$+

$+#)#.%/5$ 5e%(-e.%') (e)-#4 (e*$+,.$+ ('-e%#+9e.(# le5#h (e%#+, e%$*#

*e+,$+ $+#)#.%/5$ 5e%(-e.%') l'$(7 A+#)#.%/5$ &$+, )'$.h#% )#($l+&$

(e9$l/(-/%#+ ,e+e%$(# III4 9l'/%/.'#+/l/+4 $)#+/,l#./(#*$ &$+, 5$%' *$+ l$#+3l$#+4

#*$. e%l$l' (e%#+, *#,'+$.$+ '+'. .e-e%l'$+ %'#+7 T#+*$.$+ #+# -e%l' '+'.

)e+$,$ ('-$&$ e$- e%(e*#$ $+#)#.%/5$ e9e.#9 5#l$ #)5'l )$($l$h %e(#(e+(#

*$l$) .'%'+ ;$.' e%e+'7

Ke$*$$+ '5'h h/(-e( -e%l' *#-e%#)5$+,.$+ '+'. *$-$ )e)#l#h

$+#)#.%/5$ &$+, e-$7 M#($l+&$ '+'. -$(#e+ -e+&$.# #+9e.(# &$+, ',$

)e)-'+&$# -e+&$.# ,#+$l4 #.$ *#-e%l'.$+ e+#( e%$(#.l#+ (e5$,$# $+#)#.%/5$

)$.$ (e5$#.+&$ *#-#l#h */.(#(#.l#+ &$+, -$l#+, $)$+ *# $+$%$ e%$(#.l#+ l$#++&$7


22/41

12

D/.(#(#.l#+ 5e.e%$ (e$%$ 5$.e%#/($#. *e+,$+ )e+e,$h (#+e($ -%/e#+

)#.%//%,$+#()e7 D/.(#(#.l#+ )e)-'+&$# (-e.%') .e%$ &$+, l'$( e%h$*$-

5$.e%# ,%$) -/(##9 *$+ ,%$) +e,$#976

/ K5!"#,4" A#3"")5!,

K/)5#+$(# $+#)#.%/5$ &$+, *#,'+$.$+ )e+'%' #+*#.$(# &$+, e-$ *$-$

)e)5e%# )$+9$$ .l#+#. &$+, 5e($%7 Te%$-# ./)5#+$(# $+#)#.%/5$ &$+, #*$.

e%$%$h $.$+ )e+#+,.$.$+ 5#$&$ *$+ e9e. ($)-#+,4 )e+&ele.(# ,$l'% .')$+ &$+,

%e(#(e+ e%h$*$- 5$+&$. $+#)#.%/5$4 *$+ #*$. )e+#+,.$.$+ e9e.#=#$( e%$-#7

I+*#.$(# -e+,,'+$$+ ./)5#+$(# $*$l$h:

1 Pe+,/5$$+ #+9e.(# $)-'%$+

Be5e%$-$ #+9e.(# e%e+' *$-$ *#(e5$5.$+ /leh le5#h *$%# ($' e+#(

)#.%/5$ &$+, -e.$ e%h$*$- $+#)#.%/5$ &$+, 5e%5e*$7 D$l$) h$l #+#

*#-e%l'.$+ -e)5e%#$+ ./)5#+$(# $+#)#.%/5$ (e('$# *e+,$+ .e-e.$$+ .')$+

-e+&e5$5 #+9e.(# $)-'%$+ e%(e5'7

2 Pe+,/5$$++&$ $;$l -$*$ #+9e.(# 5e%$ &$+, e#/l/,#+&$ 5el') el$(

Be5e%$-$ #+9e.(# 5e%$ )#($l+&$ (e-#.e)#$4 )e+#+,##( -'%'le+$ *$+

#+9e.(# 5e%$ l$#++&$ )e)e%l'.$+ ./)5#+$(# $+#)#.%/5$4 .$%e+$

.ee%l$)5$$+ -e+,/5$$+ *$-$ )e)5$h$&$.$+ #;$ -$(#e+4 (e*$+,.$+

.')$+ -e+&e5$5 5el') *#.e$h'#7 K/)5#+$(# $+#)#.%/5$ *#(#+# *#5e%#.$+

*$l$) */(#( -e+'h7 B#l$ h$(#l -e)e%#.($$+ )#.%/5#/l/,# el$h *#-e%/leh )$.$

$+#)#.%/5$ &$+, #*$. *#-e%l'.$+ *$-$ *#he+#.$+ -e)5e%#$$++&$7

Me+*$-$.$+ e9e. (#+e%,#

S#+e%,# e%$*# 5#l$ ./)5#+$(# $+#)#.%/5$ )e+,h$(#l.$+ e9e. &$+, le5#h

5e($% *$%#-$*$ (e.e*$% e9e. $*##9 ($$ e%h$*$- .')$+ e%e+'7

Me)-e%l$)5$ #)5'l+&$ %e(#(e+(#

B#l$ )'$(# )e%'-$.$+ )e.$+#()e #)5'l+&$ %e(#(e+(# e%h$*$- ('$'

$+#)#.%/5$ )$.$ (e$%$ e/%##( ./)5#+$(# $+#)#.%/5$ )e%'-$.$+ $%$

e9e.#9 '+'. )e)-e%l$)5$ %e(#(e+(#76

(/ P)5?",4"4 A#3"")5!,

Se$%$ ,$%#( 5e($% -%/9#l$.(#( $+#)#.%/5$ '+'. .$('( 5'.$+ 5e*$h *#5e%#.$+

'+'. ''$+4 &$#' :


23/41

1

1 Mel#+*'+,# (e(e/%$+, &$+, e%-$$+ 6 e'posed .')$+ e%e+'7

2 Me+e,$h #+9e.(# 5$.e%#$l (e.'+*e% -$*$ (e(e/%$+, &$+, (e*$+,

)e+*e%#$ -e+&$.# l$#+7

Me+e,$h e+*/.$%*##( -$*$ -$(#e+ .el$#+$+ .$'- $$' (%'.'% $+'+,

l$#+ &$+, $.$+ )e+e)-'h -%/(e*'% &$+, (e%#+, )e+#)5'l.$+ 5$.e%#)#$7

6

2*2 E9"(e"55$" Ke&,(",# Re4"43e#4" B,3e)" Te)-,(,9 A#3"!"53"

Me+'%' ('$' -e+el##$+ *# 11 Ne,$%$ A(#$4 *$+ 8 e+#( 5$.e%#

Streptococcus %neumoniae &$+, 5e%$($l *$%# 11 Ne,$%$ *# A(#$ *#-e%/leh 5$h;$

5$.e%# *$+ "#e+$) )e)#l#.# -%e=$le+(# %e(#(e+(# e%#+,,# e%h$*$- %eniciline

6!14


24/41

1

Pe%$'%$+ )e+,e+$# *#(%#5'(# /5$3/5$ .e%$( *$9$% G e%'l#( *$l$)

-$($l *$+ &$#' :

,/ P,4, >

A+,3 1 Pe+&e%$h$+ -e%(e*#$$+ '+'. -e+&e%$h$+ *$+ -e+$;$%$+ '+'.

-e+'$l$+ *$+ 5$h$+35$h$+ G4 *e)#.#$+ -'l$ )e)#l#.# 5$h$+35$h$+ #+# *$l$)

')l$h (e*e)#.#$+ %'-$ (eh#+,,$ (e$%$ +/%)$l #*$. *$-$ *#e%#)$ 5$h;$

5$h$+35$h$+ #+# h$+&$ *#-e%'+'..$+ -e)$.$#$+ -%#5$*#4 $*$l$h *#l$%$+,4

l$%$+,$+ #+# #*$. 5e%l$.' '+'. -e*$,$+,3-e*$,$+, 5e($% &$+, *#$.'#7 A-/e.e%3

$-/e.e% &$+, )e)#)-#+ A-/e. *$+ D/.e% He;$+7

A+,3 2 Pe+&e%$h$+ *$+ 5$h$+35$h$+ G4 &$+, )e+)-$+, *$+ %e(e- D/.e%4

D/.e% G#,#4 D/.e% He;$+ *#l$%$+,4 l$%$+,$+ #+# #*$. 5e%l$.' 5$,# -e+&e%$h$+

.e-$*$ -e*$,$+,3-e*$,$+, 5e($% &$+, *#$.'#4 A-/e.e%3$-/e.e%4 D/.e%3*/.e%

G#,# *$+ D/.e%3*/.e% He;$+ *e)#.#$+ ',$ #*$. e%h$*$- -e+&e%$h$+3

-e+&e%$h$+ )e+'%' .ee+'$+ -$*$ -$($l ! $&$ 7

A+,3 > L$%$+,$+3l$%$+,$+ &$+, *#)$.('* -$*$ $&$3$&$ e%(e5' *#$$( #*$.

5e%l$.' '+'. -e+&e%$h$+ /5$3/5$ (e5$,$#)$+$ *#)$.('*.$+ P$($l $&$

*$+ *$+ P$($l 1 *$+ Re,le)e+ D7"7D77

A+,3 ; See7"7S7 *$-$ )e+e$-.$+ 5$h;$ (e('$' -e%$'%$+ (e5$,$#)$+$

*#)$.('*.$+ -$*$ $&$ 24 #.$ 5e%h'5'+,$+ *e+,$+ -e+&e%$h$+ /5$3/5$$+ G

&$+, e%e+' &$+, *#'+'..$+ /leh+&$ h$%'( #.' *#$+*$$+,$+# /leh (e/%$+,

-e',$( .h'('( &$+, *#'+'.7 J#.$ $+*$ $+,$+ -e',$( #+# #*$. e%*$-$ )$.$

-e+&e%$h$+ /5$3/5$$+ G #' *#l$%$+,7

!/ P,4, @

A+,3 1 Pe)$('.$+4 Pe+,el'$%$+4 Pe+,$+,.'$+4 $$' ('%'h )e+,$+,.'

5$h$+35$h$+ G *#l$%$+,4 e%.e'$l# *$l$) ')l$h &$+, (e*e)#.#$+ %'-$ (eh#+,,$

(e$%$ +/%)$l *$-$ *#e%#)$ 5$h;$ 5$h$+35$h$+ #+# h$+&$ *#-e%'+'..$+

-e)$.$#$+ -%#5$*#7

A+,3 2 L$%$+,$+ #+# #*$. 5e%l$.' #.$ #+*$.$+ #+# *#$l$+.$+ /leh -e)e%#+$h

$$' -e*$,$+,3-e*$,$+, 5e($% &$+, *#$.'# $$' -e+,$+,.'$+3-e+,$+,.'$+ /leh

A-/e.e%3$-/e.e%4 D/.e%3*/.e% &$+, )e)#)-#+ A-/e. *$+ D/.e% He;$+7


25/41

1

A+,3 > D$l$) (/$l3(/$l .h'('(4 I+(-e.'% F$%)$(# D7"7G7 *# J$.$%$ *$-$

)e)5e%#.$+ .el/+,,$%$+ -e+'h $$' (e5$,#$+ e%h$*$- l$%$+,$+ #+#7

P$*$ -$($l 12 e%'l#( 5$h;$ #.$ e%$*# -el$+,,$%$+ e%h$*$-

-$($l3-$($l e%(e5' )$.$ -el$.' $.$+ *#.e+$# h'.')$+ -e+$%$ (e#+,,#3

#+,,#+&$ 5'l$+ $$' *e+*$ '$+, (e#+,,#3#+,,#+&$ 000 ,/l*e+76

2*; Ke),#$, Te5)"

Ke%$+,.$ e/%# *$l$) -e+el##$+ #+# $*$l$h :

Pe+,e$h'$+

Pe)5e%#$+

$+#5#/#. T$+-$ %e(e- Re(#(e+(#


26/41

1

BAB III

METODE PENELITIAN

>*1 Ke),#$, K5#4e9 Pe#e"3",#

Ke%$+,.$ ./+(e- -e+el##$+ )e+,e+$# #+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ #+,.$

-e+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$ Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'% e+$+, $+#5#/#. &$+,

*#-e%/leh (e$%$ 5e5$( (e5$,$# 5e%#.' :

K$%$.e%#(#. *$$ -e+el##$+

>*2 De?e#"4" O9e),4"5#,

Pe+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$ $*$l$h .')-'l$+ #+9/%)$(# e+$+, $+#5/#.

&$+, *#-e%/leh (e$%$ 5e5$( /leh )$(&$%$.$ Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'%4 &$+,

*#'.'% *e+,$+ )e+,,'+$.$+ .'e(#/+e% %$+$+,$+ -e+'l#( *e+,$+ (.$l$ '.'%7

A(-e. -e+,'.'%$+ &$+, *#l$.'.$+ 5e%*$($%.$+ $;$5$+ %e(-/+*e+ *$+

(el'%'h -e%$+&$$+ -e+,e$h'$+ &$+, *#5e%#.$+ *$l$) 5e+'. -#l#h$+ ,$+*$7

J$;$5$+ &$+, e-$ *#5e%# +#l$# 14 *$+ $;$5$+ &$+, #*$. e-$ $.$+ *#5e%# +#l$#

07 D$%# -e+e$-$+ +#l$# e%(e5'4 )$.$ (./% &$+, *#*$-$ *#')l$h.$+ *$+ *#5'$

-e%(e+$(e (e5$,$# 5e%#.' :

R')'( :

r

'S = @ 100<

Kee%$+,$+ :

S (./%

@ J$;$5$+ &$+, 5e+$%

% ')l$h +#l$# )$.(#)') 6107

Me+'%' P%$/)/ -e+,e$h'$+ *#.$e,/%#.$+ (e5$,$# 5e%#.'1 :

17 B$#.4 $-$5#l$ /$l (./% $;$5$+ 5e+$% !<

B#l$ (./% 5e+$% ! (/$l

M$(&$%$.$

K'e(#/+e%

-e+el##$+

A+#5#/#. *#-e%/leh(e$%$ 5e5$(

T#+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+

)$(&$%$.$ Ke$)$$+B#+$# T#)'% e+$+,

$+#5#/#. &$+,

*#-e%/leh (e$%$ 5e5$(


27/41

1!

27 Se*$+,4 $-$5#l$ /$l (./% $;$5$+ 5e+$% 0*> De4,"# ,3,% &e#"4 9e#e"3",#

D$l$) -e+el##$+ #+# )e+,,'+$.$+ *e($#+ *e(.%#-#9 &$#' ('$' )e/*e

-e+el##$+ &$+, *#l$.'.$+ '+'. )e+*e(.%#-#9.$+ $$' )e+,,$)5$%.$+ ('$'

.e$*$$+ (e$%$ /5e.#97

>*; L5,4" (,# ,3% Pe#e"3",#

>*;*1 L5,4" Pe#e"3",#

Pe+el##$+ #+# *#l$.'.$+ *# Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'%7

>*;*2 ,3% Pe#e"3",#

Pe+el##$+ #+# $.$+ *#l$.($+$.$+ -$*$ 5'l$+ Fe5%'$%#3M$%e 20127

>*@ P59%,4" (,# S,9e Pe#e"3",#

P/-'l$(# &$+, *#,'+$.$+ *$l$) -e+el##$+ $*$l$h (el'%'h ;$%,$ *#

Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'%4 &$+, 5e%')l$h 17! ;$%,$ *e+,$+ $$$+ l$.#3l$.# :

271! *$+ -e%e)-'$+: 2720 /%$+,7 H$(#l -/-'l$(# #+# *#$)5#l *$%# ! Kel'%$h$+:

Kel'%$h$+ T$+$h T#+,,# 5e%')l$h : !20! /%$+,

Kel'%$h$+ T#)5$+, L$+,.$ 5e%')l$h : 8 /%$+,

Kel'%$h$+ Me+#%#) 5e%')l$h : 8!0! /%$+,

Kel'%$h$+ T'+,,'%/+/ 5e%')l$h : 822 /%$+,

Kel'%$h$+ SM Re/ 5e%')l$h : 811 /%$+,

Kel'%$h$+ D$$%$+ T#+,,# 5e%')l$h : 2 /%$+,

Kel'%$h$+ S')5e% K$%&$ 5e%')l$h : 8888 /%$+,

J')l$h ($)-el *#$)5#l (e$%$ -%/-/(#/+$l *e+,$+ e.+#. -e+,$)5#l$+($)-el (e$%$ $$. (e*e%h$+$ 6 simple random sampling 7 C$%$ )e+e+'.$+ 5e($%

($)-el (e5$,$# 5e%#.':

D$l$) -e+el##$+ #+#4 ($)-el *#$)5#l *e+,$+ )e+,,'+$.$+ %')'(

(e5$,$# 5e%#.' :

Kee%$+,$+ :


28/41

18

N ')l$h P/-'l$(#

+ ')l$h S$)-el

* *e%$$ .e($l$h$+ &$+, *##+,#+.$+ 041

Be%*$($%.$+ %')'( e%(e5' *$-$ *#$%# ')l$h ($)-el+&$4 )$.$ :

n ) 480

+ $*$l$h ')l$h ($)-el &$+, *#5''h.$+ '+'. -e+el##$+ #+# &$#' (e5$+&$. 100

/%$+, &$+, *#$)5#l *e+,$+ )e+,,'+$.$+ )e/*e probability sampling *e+,$+

e.+#. simple random sampling 7

>*6 Te#" Pe#$%9%,# D,3,

Me/*e -e+,')-'l$+ *$$ *$l$) -e+el##$+ #+# *e+,$+ )e+,,'+$.$+

.'e(#/+e% &$+, el$h *#%$+$+, *$+ *#(#$-.$+ /leh -e+el##4 *$+ *#5e%#.$+ .e-$*$

%e(-/+ &$+, e%-#l#h7

>*7 Pe#$5,-,# (,# A#,"4"4 D,3,

$7 (diting : '+'. .ele+,.$-$+ ./+(#(e+ *$+ .e(e('$#$+ $+$%$ .$%$.e% &$+,

*#-e%l'.$+ '+'. )e+$;$5 ''$+ -e+el##$+7

57 Coding : '+'. )e+,'$+#9#.$(# *$$ .'$+#$#9 $$' '+'. )e)5e*$.$+

$+e.$ .$%$.e%7 Pe)5e%#$+ ./*e #+# ($+,$ *#-e%l'.$+ e%'$)$ *$l$) %$+,.$

-e+,/l$h$+ *$$4 5$#. (e$%$ )$+'$l $$' *e+,$+ )e+,,'+$.$+ ./)-'e%7

7 Cleaning : -e)e%#.($$+ *$$ &$+, ('*$h *#)$('..$+ .e *$l$) -%/,%$)

./)-'e% ,'+$ )e+,h#+*$%# e%$*#+&$ .e($l$h$+ -$*$ -e)$('.$+ *$$7

*7 *abulasi : *$$ &$+, e%.')-'l *#5'$ *$l$) 5e+'. $5el *$+ ,%$9#.7

D$$ &$+, *#.')-'l.$+ *$%# h$(#l ?'e(#/+e% .e)'*#$+ *#/l$h *e+,$+

)e/*e ./)-'e% -%/,%$) S%SS +.- release for Windos /Stastitical %roduct

and Ser0ice Solution17 Ke)'*#$+ *$$ *#$+$l#(#( (e$%$ *e(.%#-#97

>*8 Ke),#$, O9e),4"5#,


29/41

1

P59%,4"

,)$, +,#$ e!e" ,#3"!"53"

4e,), !e!,4

S,9e

Pe#$%9%,# (,# 9e#$5,-,# (,3,

A#,"4"4 (,3,

>*= J,(, Pe,4,#,,#

T,!e >*1* J,(, Pe,4,#,,#

N/ J$*;$l Ke,#$$+ $.'17 Pe+&'('+$+ -%/-/($l A-%#l 2011

27 Se)#+$% -%/-/($l J'l# 2011

7 Pe+,$)5#l$+ *$$ Fe5%'$%# 2012

7 Pe+,/l$h$+ *$$ Fe5%'$%# 2012

7 A+$l#(#( *$$ M$%e 2012

7 Se)#+$% h$(#l A-%#l 2012


30/41

20

BAB I<

HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

;*1 H,4" Pe#e"3",#

;*1*1 De4)"94" L5,4" Pe#e"3",#

D##+$' *$%# le$. ,e/,%$9#(+&$4 Ke$)$$+ B#+$# T#)'% e%)$('.

*#*$l$) ./$ B#+$# *e+,$+ l'$( ;#l$&$h 214!0 K)27 L'$( ;#l$&$h .e$)$$+ #+#

5$+&$. *#,'+$.$+ '+'. -e)'.#)$+ *$+ ($%$+$ ')') 6.$+/%4 (e./l$h4 e)-$

#5$*$h4 *$+ (e5$,$#+&$7 Kel'%$h$+ #+# *#5$$(# /leh ;#l$&$h3;#l$&$h (e5$,$#

5e%#.':

$7 Se5el$h '$%$ 5e%5$$($+ *e+,$+ B#+$# U$%$

57 Se5el$h 5$%$ 5e%5$$($+ *e+,$+ B#+$# K/$

7 Se5el$h Sel$$+ 5e%5$$($+ *e+,$+ B#+$# Sel$$+

*7 Se5el$h #)'% 5e%5$$($+ *e+,$+ Ke$)$$+ S'+,,$l

;*1*2 De4)"94" K,),3e)"43" Re495#(e#

Re(-/+*e+ &$+, *#el## *$l$) -e+el##$+ #+# 5e%')l$h 100 /%$+, &$+,

)e)5el# $+#5#/#. (e$%$ 5e5$( *# l#+,.'+,$+ )$(&$%$.$ Ke$)$$+ B#+$#

T#)'%7 D$$ ,$)5$%$+ K$%$.e%#(#. %e(-/+*e+ &$+, *#$)$# $*$l$h '(#$4

-e+*#*#.$+4 -e.e%$$+4 *$+ -e+,h$(#l$+7


31/41

21

T,!e ;*1 D"43)"!%4" Re495#(e# Be)(,4,),# Je#"4 Ke,"#

Je#"4 Ke,"# F)e%e#4" 'O),#$/

L,","

Pe)e9%,#

>6

6;

>6

6;

D$%# $5el 71 e+$+, *#(%#5'(# %e(-/+*e+ 5e%*$($%.$+ e+#( .el$)#+

*#.e$h'# 5$h;$ ($)-el &$+, *#el## *e+,$+ ')l$h e%5$+&$. 5e%e+#( .el$)#+

-e%e)-'$+ (e5$+&$. /%$+, 6


32/41

22

SMASe(e),&,3

Pe)$%)%,# T"#$$"Se(e),&,3

>=

;7

>=

;7

T53, 100 100

D$%# $5el 7 e+$+, *#(%#5'(# %e(-/+*e+ 5e%*$($%.$+ #+,.$

-e+*#*#.$+ *#.e$h'# 5$h;$ (e5$,#$+ 5e($% %e(-/+*e+ *$l$) -e+el##$+ )e)#l#.#

#+,.$ -e+*#*#.$+ Pe%,'%'$+ #+,,# ! /%$+, 6!*@00*000

R9* 2*@00*000R9*>*@00*000

R9* 1*@00*000R9*2*@00*000

R9* 1*@00*000

1>

27

22

>8

1>

27

22

>8

T53, 100 100

D$%# $5el 7 e+$+, *#(%#5'(# %e(-/+*e+ 5e%*$($%.$+ -e+,h$(#l$+

*#.e$h'# (e5$+&$. 8 /%$+, 68


33/41

2

R-770070004 22 /%$+, 622


34/41

2

/%$+, 62


35/41

2

.e)$)-'$+ 5e%9#.#% (e%$ -e+,e$h'$+ (e(e/%$+, #' -$(# (e)$.#+ 5e%$)5$h4

+$)'+ *#($$ (e(e/%$+, e%(e5' l$+' '(#$ )$.$ .e)$)-'$+ 5e%9#.#% (e(e/%$+,

$.$+ )el$)5$ (eh#+,,$ #*$. )$)-' )e+$)-'+, #+9/%)$(# (e%$ -e+,e$h'$+

5$%'7 Ke)$)-'$+ (e(e/%$+, '+'. )e+,#+,$ .e)5$l# e+$+, (e('$' $+-$

)e+,h$%$-.$+ .e)$)-'$+ '+'. )e+,,'+$.$++&$7 Me+'%' -e+*$-$

N//$*)/*/ 5$h;$ -e+,e$h'$+ (e(e/%$+, *$-$ *#-e+,$%'h# /leh 9$./% ')'%7

Be%$)5$h+&$ ')'% (e(e/%$+, *$-$ 5e%-e+,$%'h -$*$ -e+#+,.$$+ -e+,e$h'$+

&$+, *#-e%/leh+&$4 $.$+ e$-# -$*$ ')'% e%e+' $$' )e+el$+, '(#$ l$+'

.e)$)-'$+ *$l$) )e+e%#)$ *$+ )e+,#+,$ ('$' -e+,e$h'$+ $.$+ 5e%.'%$+,7

D$%# $5el 74 100 %e(-/+*e+ (e5$,#$+ 5e($% %e(-/+*e+ 5e%-e+*#*#.$+

-e%,'%'$+ #+,,# &$#'4 (e5$+&$. ! %e(-/+*e+ 6!


36/41

2

D$%# $5el 74 100 %e(-/+*e+ (e5$,#$+ 5e($% %e(-/+*e+ 5e%-e+,h$(#l$+

R-7 17007000 &$#'4 (e5$+&$. 8 %e(-/+*e+ 68


37/41

2!

BAB <

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

@*1 Ke4"9%,#

D$%# '%$#$+3'%$#$+ &$+, el$h *#-$-$%.$+ (e5el')+&$4 )$.$ *$l$)

-e+el##$+ #+# *$-$ *#$)5#l .e(#)-'l$+ 5$h;$ #+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ )$(&$%$.$

e+$+, -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#. &$+, *#-e%/leh (e$%$ 5e5$( *# Ke$)$$+ B#+$#

T#)'% -$*$ ')')+&$ 5e%$*$ *# #+,.$ -e+,e$h'$+ (e*$+,4 &$#' (e5$+&$. 0

/%$+, 60


38/41

28

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

17A+#)#%/5#$l Re(#($+e: /%l* He$lh O%,$+#$#/+ 20027

27S/+, JH4 J'+, SI4 K/ KS4 K#) NY4 S/+ JS4 Ch$+, HH4 e $l7 H#,h P%e=$le+e

/9 A+#)#%/5#$l Re(#($+e $)/+, Cl#+#$l S%e-//'( -+e')/+#$e

I(/l$e( #+ A(#$ 6$+ ANSORP S'*&7 A+#)#%/5#$l A,e+( $+* Che)/he%$-&7

200 J'+ 87

7"/l-$/ DE4 S/'$ B"*4 R/($ LGD4 Mel/ LH4 D$'* CAS4 De5/+# L7 U(e /9

A+#5#/#( ;#h/' Me*#$l P%e(%#-#/+7 The B%$#l#$+ J/'%+$l /9 I+9e#/'(

D#(e$(e(7 200 A', 67

7U+*$+,3U+*$+, O5$ Ke%$( 6S7 N/7 1 ,l7 De(e)5e% 17 O+l#+e7 #e*

2011 107 A=$#l$5le 9%/): h-:l'.7($997',)7$7#*$'%(eh$UU313

1O%*/+$+(# O5$Ke%$(7-*9 7

7H$%*)$+ JG4 L#)5#%* LL4 e*#/%(7 G//*)$+ G#l)$+ D$($% F$%)$./l/,#

Te%$-#7 10h e*7 J$.$%$: EGC 20087

7F$%)$./l/,# D$+ Te%$-#7 h e*7 J$.$%$: De-$%e)e+ F$%)$./l/,#

Te%$-e'#. F$.'l$( Ke*/.e%$+ U+#=e%(#$( I+*/+e(#$ 2007

!7T$& TH4 R$h$%*$ K7 O5$3O5$ Pe+#+, : Kh$(#$4 Pe+,,'+$$+ D$+ E9e.3

E9e. S$)-#+,+&$7 h e*7 J$.$%$: PT Ele@ Me*#$ K/)-'#+*/ 200787K$'+, BG7 F$%)$./l/,# D$($% Kl#+#.7 10h e*7 J$.$%$: EGC 20107

7K$'+, BG7 F$%)$./l/,# D$($% K#+#.7 h e*7 J$.$%$: EGC 187

107B$ll#+,/+ DA4 L$',hl#+ MM7 Ph$%)$/l/,& 9/% Teh+##$+(7 2+* e*7 Ne;

Delh#: Ne; A,e I+e%+$#/+$l 2007

117A+#e9 M7 A-$ Y$+, Pe%l' D#.e$h'# Te+$+, O5$7 %* e*7 Y/,&$.$%$: G$*$h

M$*$ U+#=e%(#& P%e(( 1!7

127K$'+, BG7 F$%)$./l/,# D$($% Kl#+#.7 8h e*7 J$.$%$: S$le)5$ Me*#.$

2007

17P%$/)/ H7 Me/*e Pe+el##$+ Ke(eh$$+ M$(&$%$.$ J$.$%$: UI3P%e(( 187

http://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/sehat/UU-419-1949Ordonansi%20ObatKeras.pdfhttp://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/sehat/UU-419-1949Ordonansi%20ObatKeras.pdfhttp://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/sehat/UU-419-1949Ordonansi%20ObatKeras.pdfhttp://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/sehat/UU-419-1949Ordonansi%20ObatKeras.pdf


39/41

2

I* DATA PRIBADI

N$)$ :

Je+#( .el$)#+ : P%#$ $+#$

U)'% : T$h'+

A,$)$ :

Pe+*#*#.$+ : SD SMP SMA Pe%,'%'$+ T#+,,#

Pe.e%$$+ :

Pe+,h$(#l$+ :

II* PERTANYAAN PENGETAHUAN

Pe'+'.: J$;$5l$h -e%$+&$$+ &$+, 5e+$% (e('$# *e+,$+ $-$ &$+, $+*$ .e$h'#7

17 A+#5#/#. $*$l$h7777777

A7 /5$ '+'. )e)5'+'h .')$+

B7 /5$ '+'. )e)5'+'h =#%'(

C7 /5$ '+'. )e+'%'+.$+ *e)$)

27 A+#5#/#.$ *#,'+$.$+ '+'. 777

A7 -e+&$.#3-e+&$.# .$%e+$ #+9e.(# .$%e+$ 5$.e%#

B7 $()$

C7 .$+.e%

7 Me+'%' $+*$ -e+&$.# *#5$;$h #+# &$+, )e)e%l'.$+ $+#5#/#.$ $*$l$h 77777

A7 TBC 6T'5e%.'l/(#( -$%'

B7 $()$

C7 .$+.e%

7 D$%# )$+$.$h -e'+'. $+#5#/#. *#*$-$.$+77777

A7 -e'+'. */.e%

B7 -e'+'. S'(e%

C7 -e'+'. )$(&$%$.$


40/41

0

7 A-$ &$+, $.$+ e%$*# #.$ -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#.$ #*$. e-$ */(#( $$'-'+

$%$ -e)#l#h$++&$ Q

A7 .')$+ $.$+ .e5$l e%h$*$- $+#5#/#.$

B7 .')$+ )e+$*# l5#h )'*$h e%5'+'h /leh $+#5#/#.$

C7 ')l$h .')$+ 5e%.'%$+,

7 K$-$+ (e5$#.+&$ -e+,,'+$$+ $+#5#/#.$ *#he+#.$+ Q

A7 #.$ /5$ ('*$h h$5#(

B7 #.$ ,e$l$ .l#+#( ('*$h h#l$+,

C7 #.$ $*$ e9e. ($)-#+,

!7 E9e. ($)-#+, *$%# $+#5#/#.$ $*$l$h777

A7 %e$.(# $le%,# *$+ /.(#.

B7 )'$l *$+ )'+$h

C7 -#+,($+

87 A+#5#/#.$ #*$. (el$)$+&$ 5/leh *#5e%#.$+ *$+ h$%'( 5e%h$#3h$# -$*$

-$(#e+77

A7 #5' h$)#l *$+ /%$+, '$

B7 -$(#e+ &$+, (#(e) #)'++&$ %e+*$h (e-e%# -$*$ HI"AIDS

C7 5$

7 D#)$+$.$h e)-$ -+)-$+$+ $+#5#/#.$ &$+, 5$#.777

A7 e%h#+*$% *$%# (#+$% )$$h$%#

B7 5/leh e%.e+$ (#+$% )$$h$%# $($l $+,$+ e%l$l' l$)$

C7 e)-$ le)5$5

107 A+#5#/#. e%)$('. e+#( /5$ ,/l/+,$+77777

A7 5e%5$h$&$

B7 -e%#+,$$+

C7 #*$. 5e%5$h$&$


41/41

1

DAFTAR RIAYAT HIDUP

1* D,3, P)"!,("

N$)$ : S'%&$ F$h%/#

Te)-$T$+,,$l L$h#% : B#+$#4 2! J$+'$%# 11

Al$)$ : Jl7 I%7 H7 J'$+*$ G,7 Se*$% N/7 4 B#+$#

B$+,($ : I+*/+e(#$

A,$)$ : I(l$)

2* R",+,3 Pe#("(",#

17 SDN 028!

27 SMP Ne,e%# B#+$#

7 SMA Ne,e%# B#+$#

>* R",+,3 Pe,3"-,#

17 Se+#+$%

27 B$.(/(

;* R",+,3 O)$,#"4,4"

17 OSIS

Date post:	07-Jul-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	anonymous-ko2oydc
View:	240 times
Download:	0 times

Proposal Penelitian kti

Documents