The logframe approach
Nairobi, March 2011
What is it?
Planning PhaseAnalysis Phase
Problem analysis – identifying key problems, constraints & opportunities; determining cause & effect relationships
Stakeholder analysis – identifying & characterising potential major stakeholders; assessing their capacity
Objective analysis – developing solutions from the identified problems; identifying means to end relationships
Developing Logical Frameworkmatrix - defining project structure,testing its internal logic & risks, formulating measurable indicatorsof success.
Activity scheduling – determining the sequence and dependency of activities; estimating their duration, and assigningResponsibility
Resource scheduling - from the activity schedule, developing input schedules and a budget
Problem analysis
Problem analysis identifies the negative aspects of an existing situation and establishes the « cause and effect » relationships between the identified problems.
► Identification of the major problems faced by target groups & beneficiaries: What is/are the problem/s? Whose problems?
► Select the main problem.
► Define the causes and the effects of this problem.
► Visualise in a problem tree: This is the summary picture of the existing negative situation.
Problem analysis
In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.
Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.
In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.
Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.
SituationSituation
Problem analysis
In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.
Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.
In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.
Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.
ProblemProblem
Problem analysis
In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.
Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.
In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.
Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.
CauseCause
Problem analysis
In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.
Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.
In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.
Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.
EffectsEffects
Problem analysis
Effects
Problem
Causes
The problem tree
Adolescents remain largely underserved
SRHR indicatorsare not improving
ASRH is not consistently addressed in healthcare
programmes
ASRH is not linked to HIV/AIDS programmes
Inadequate government resources
dedicated to ASRH
Objective Analysis
The analysis of objectives describes the situation in the future once identified problems have been remedied.
«Young Kenyans don’t have access to SRH information and
services »
« Young Kenyans have access SRH information and services »
«Young Kenyans don’t have access to SRH information and
services »
« Young Kenyans have access SRH information and services »
Example:
Problem:
Objective:
► negative situation of the problem tree is converted into solutions, expressed as positive achievements.
► These positive achievements are in fact objectives.
Objective Analysis
Specific ProblemSpecific Problem
Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3
Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2
Specific ObjectiveSpecific Objective
Result
1
Result
1Result
2Result
2Result
3Result
3
Overall objective 1
Overall objective 1
Overall objective 2
Overall objective 2
Specific ProblemSpecific Problem
Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3
Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2
Objective analysis
SRHR indicatorsare improved
SRHR indicatorsare improved
Young Kenyans have access to SRH information and
services
Young Kenyans have access to SRH information and
services
The objective tree
ASRH is consistently addressed in
healthcare programmes
ASRH is linked to HIV/AIDS programmes
Government resources dedicated to
ASRH
Objective analysis
DFID
Goal
Purpose
Outputs
Objective analysis
Overall objectives
Specific objective
Results
EC
Objective analysis
Objective analysis
Objective analysis
Objective analysis
Indicators: verifying success
► Indicators allow you to understand whether the intervention has been successful or is on-track.
► Indicators describe the project’s objectives/results in operationally measurable terms.
► Indicators are the basis for the project’s monitoring & evaluation system.
Q: « How would we know whether or not what has been planned is actually happening or happened? How do we verify success? »
► Indicators allow you to understand whether the intervention has been successful or is on-track.
► Indicators describe the project’s objectives/results in operationally measurable terms.
► Indicators are the basis for the project’s monitoring & evaluation system.
Q: « How would we know whether or not what has been planned is actually happening or happened? How do we verify success? »
Indicators
► Indicators should be independent of each other. Each one relating to one objective or result.
► Often it is necessary to establish several indicators. One indicator can provide quantitative info & the other qualitative.
► However: not too many indicators!
Guiding principle: collect the minimum amount of info
► Indicators should be independent of each other. Each one relating to one objective or result.
► Often it is necessary to establish several indicators. One indicator can provide quantitative info & the other qualitative.
► However: not too many indicators!
Guiding principle: collect the minimum amount of info
Tips
Indicators: verifying success
► How should the information be collected? (e.g. from administrative records, special studies, sample surveys, observation… )
► Who should collect the information?(e.g. field extension workers, survey teams, the district health office, the project management team)
►When/how regularly should it be provided. (e.g. monthly, quarterly, annually, …)
► How should the information be collected? (e.g. from administrative records, special studies, sample surveys, observation… )
► Who should collect the information?(e.g. field extension workers, survey teams, the district health office, the project management team)
►When/how regularly should it be provided. (e.g. monthly, quarterly, annually, …)
Sources of verification
► Avoid the creation of parallel information systems, minimize additional costs,
► See if the required informationcan be collected through existing systems, such as:
► Bureau of Statistics,local research agencies, donor and business reports
► Civil society organizations, local government agencies and otherservice delivery agencies
► Avoid the creation of parallel information systems, minimize additional costs,
► See if the required informationcan be collected through existing systems, such as:
► Bureau of Statistics,local research agencies, donor and business reports
► Civil society organizations, local government agencies and otherservice delivery agencies
Tips
Indicators: verifying success
Specific to the objective it is supposed to measure.
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant to the information needs of managers
Time-bound – so we know when we can expect the objective to be achieved
Specific to the objective it is supposed to measure.
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant to the information needs of managers
Time-bound – so we know when we can expect the objective to be achieved
Indicators should be SMART
Logframe
Logframe
Project Description Intervention Logic
Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Means and Sources of Verification
Assumptions
Overall objective(s)
Specific
objective
Results
ActivitiesMeans Costs
The logframe is the summary of the project
Logframe
Specific ProblemSpecific Problem
Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3
Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2
Specific ObjectiveSpecific Objective
Result
1
Result
1Result
2Result
2Result
3Result
3
Overall objective 1
Overall objective 1
Overall objective 2
Overall objective 2
Activities 1
Activities 1
Activities 2
Activities 2
Activities 3
Activities 3
Overall objectives
Specific objective
Results
Activities
Indicators
Indicators
Indicators
Verification sources
Verification sources
Verificationsources
Assu
mp
tion
sMeans Costs
Specific ProblemSpecific Problem
Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3
Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2
Logframe
Project Description Indicators Verification sources Assumptions
Overall objectives
Specific
objective
Results
Activities Means Costs
Part of the project for which WE are RESPONSIBLE
Logframe
Project Description Indicators Verification sources Assumptions
Overall objectives
Specific
objective
Results
Activities Means Costs
Shows how we CONTRIBUTE to international/ Eur./ nat.
development efforts
Logframe
Project Description Indicators Verification sources Assumptions
Overall objectives
Specific
objective
Results
Activities Means Costs
Shows which external factorsoutside our influence
Have a positive impact on the project
Logframe
Specific ProblemSpecific Problem
Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3
Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2
Specific ObjectiveSpecific Objective
Result
1
Result
1Result
2Result
2Result
3Result
3
Overall objective 1
Overall objective 1
Overall objective 2
Overall objective 2
Activities 1
Activities 1
Activities 2
Activities 2
Activities 3
Activities 3
Concept note
1 Relevance of the action
2 Description of the action and its effectiveness
3 Sustainability of theaction
Concept note
1 Relevance of the action
2 Description of the action and its effectiveness
3 Sustainability of theaction
FullApplication
XxxxxxxxXxxxxxXxxxxxx
FullApplication
XxxxxxxxXxxxxxXxxxxxx
Overall objectives
Specific objective
Results
Activities
Indicators
Indicators
Indicators
Verification sources
Verification sources
Verificationsources
Assu
mp
tion
sMeans Costs
Specific ProblemSpecific Problem
Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3
Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2
Annex B.1: BudgetAnnex B.1: Budget
Annex B.2: Financ. sourcesAnnex B.2: Financ. sources