Proposed categorisation framework for the wildlife...

Proposed categorisation framework for the wildlife ranching sector in South

Africa and spatial analysis of impacts

2017 Biodiversity Planning Forum21 June 2017

© 2017 RebelGroup South Africa – Confidential Slide 2

The Focus of today’s presentationThe Focus of today’s presentation

Scope of Work for the Overall Assignment

Biodiversity Planning Forum- Categorisation framework for Wildlife Ranching Sector 21 June 2017

Literature review• Summary of conclusions relating to contribution to the South African

economy• Examination of SARS data and national accounts to examine

accuracy and integrity

Categorisation framework• Examination of existing categorisation frameworks• Establishing a framework based on actual “management activities”

that relate to biodiversity impacts

Recommendations• Generate a set of recommendations to take the work into

subsequent phases and a way forward for a robust framework


Background and Considerations

This work relates to broader objectives within the sector: In that there is a recognised need for a nationally acceptable set of guidelines for the classification of wildlife ranching for the purpose of industry certification in terms of:

– state regulation;

– conservation contribution (eg stewardship); and,

– market differentiation/product development

The sector needs to be explicitly differentiated, defined and certified so that the State and consumers are better able to manage, regulate and consume the various product offerings from the sector

The challenge is to provide a workable and pragmatic framework that helps define various categories of activity and to assess those categories for biodiversity impacts from a spatial perspective



Various existing approaches to categorisation


•Legal status•Security•Management purpose

Institutional Approach (IUCN, Kamal et al 2014)

•Husbandry (breeding, live sales)

•Hunting (trophy and biltong)•Ecotourism•Game products

Economic sector approach: ‘Four pillars’ (Cloete et al)

•Extensive production: free-living wildlife on large, enclosed or open areas

•Semi-intensive production: free-living in smaller enclosed camps

• Intensive production: captive in small camps or paddocks

Production systems approach (Bothma)

•Captive•Intensively managed•Lightly managed•Conservation dependent•Self-sustaining

Species conservation-based approach (Redford et al 2011)

•Ongoing work by SANBI (Child et al, forthcoming)

Other approaches


Activities linked to the wildlife ranching sector and issues relating to the quantification of the sector’s economic contribution


Anim

al H

usba

ndry

(Bre

edin

g)

Hun

ting

(Tro

phy

and

Bilt

ong)

Eco

-tour

ism

Ani

mal

Pro

duct

sWildlife Ranching Industry

• Little or no distinction between turnover and value added. Focus on turnover overstates direct contribution of the wildlife ranching sector to the GDP. For example, food purchases for biltong hunters may just be a displacement of existing demand.

• “Dip-stick studies” relating to different activities conducted at irregular intervals. Extrapolations often assume historical growth rates still apply. Risk that some activities will be overlooked or double counted.

• No real attempt to quantify eco-tourism and animal product contributions.

• Alignment with standard industrial classification and GDP measurement approaches ignores externalities from environmental services.

• Down-stream markets for products of wildlife ranching sector are not consistently described, quantified (and understood?)

According to Taylor et al, 60% of exempt farms surveyed engage in 1

or 2 activities and the remaining 40% in 3 or more activities (out of 8

identified activities)


Indicative valuations from different sources

Growing of crops; market

gardening; horticulture

R89 234 159

Farming of animals

R94 885 760

Growing of crops

combined with farming of animals

(mixed farming) …

Agricultural and animal husbandry services, except

veterinary activities

R3 653 231

Hunting; trapping

and game propagation including

related servicesR3 043

062

Income (R'000)

Stats SA Annual Survey of Agriculture (P1101) shows income from hunting, trapping and game propagation of R3.04 billion in 2015. Income on these farms grew faster than for agriculture as a whole, but expenditure shown to increase by 26.8% compared with 9.5% for agriculture as a whole.

Cloete et al estimate income from hunting at around R9 billion in 2015, and from breeding and game capture at more than R10 billion. A significant portion of the latter is “informal” sales.

Taylor et al estimate income at >R10 billion for all 4 pillars

Our estimates put the combined gross value added of the various wildlife ranching activities at around R9.3 billion, with associated sales of about R14.4 billion, and intermediate input purchases from suppliers at R5.1 billion


Source: StatsSA Annual Survey of Agriculture 2015


Challenges in approaching Biodiversity Impact from economic categorisation


Source: Dr Pamela Oberem, The New Game Rancher, Briza Publications, 2017

Economic activities on land are not discrete, meaning they tend to overlap

The mix occurs as a continuum that varies according to diverse factors, including landscape.

Additionally, categorisation should be careful not to create boundaries that distort behaviour in an undesirable way which could drive greater impact

Thus, it became the focus to use a “management activities” framework


Proposed Segments of the Categorisation

Management Theme

Management Activity 1




Provides a categorisation focused on the nature and objective of activities.

A list of primary activities within each theme. Whiileoverlap of activities between themes is possible, the framework uses the focus on objective to guide segmentation.

Each activity is then analysed for impact.

The intent is to find the 20% of activities that generate 80% of the impact.

Water Access & Management•The management of water systems, reticulation, and provision of water infrastructure

Built/ Engineered Structures•Capital investment and construction activities in the built environment

Landscape Permeability•The use of barriers or fencing to modify the landscape

Species Management•Activities related to population management and control as well as species health

Retail and Wildlife Products•Activities related to the productization of the wildlife ranching sector

Vegetation Control and Management•Activities related to the management or modification of landscapes and vegetation

Management Themes


Proposed Segments of the Categorisation


Water Access &

Management

Water reticulation

Irrigation activities

Built/ Engineered Structures

Boreholes

Dams and Water Crypts

Trail and Road Construction

Lodges/Cantinas/ Tourism facilities

Staff Encampments/

Housing

Power Stations

Airstrips/ Helipads

Storage Lots for Feed

Species Management

Supplemental feeding

Active Predator control

Live capture/ translocation

Animal health activities

Abattoir activities

Intensive breeding activities

Culling

Landscape Permeability

3-strand smooth wire fence

Woven wire fence

Electric wire fence

Post and rail fence

Fence density

Vegetation Control and

Management

Land clearing

Cutting of woody species

Herbicide use

Controlled Burns

Grazing management

Retail and Wildlife

Products

Game capture/ transport

Game meat sales

Live sales

Pelt / Hides sales

Red items indicate activities with strongest biodiversity impacts.

Activities must be further disaggregated to distinguish impact.

It will be critical to establish thresholds wherein an activity is at an intensiveness level that signifies deleterious biodiversity impact.

This creates the roadmap for mitigation strategies and best practice toolkits.


Considerations for the Framework

Hierachical segmentation of activities that allow complete aggregation/disaggregation of activities and levels of impacts.

Could use an EIA or SEA framework to assess impacts per activity to distil which activites associated with the industry present the most significant biodiversity impacts.

More detailed assessment of the extent/magnitude/duration of significant impacts should inform data collection and monitoring.



EWT Spatial Datasets


Datasets from EWTs work with wildlife ranching sector.

Intensive Breeding

Wildlife Ranching


Current focus of efforts


Examining possibilities of the certificate of adequate enclosure as a baseline for collecting data.

– Although an imperfect measure for several reasons, these certificates act as an approximation of commercial wildlife ranching activity.

– They also are significant from a legal point of view, by vesting private property rights and forming the basis for market value.

– The permit could therefore become a proxy for measuring the extent of the industry.

Analysing management activities to create a normative framework of thresholds and critical intensiveness levels.

– Possibly adding an additional layer of “ecosystem vs. species” level impacts.

Identifying the 4-5 core activities and these will give us 80-90% of the environmental impact.

– Provides a more focused approach to data collection and eases the resource burden of conducting the exercise.

© 2017 RebelGroup South Africa – Confidential Slide 13Biodiversity Planning Forum- Categorisation framework for Wildlife Ranching Sector 21 June 2017

Advisory

Implementation

Investment

R O T T E R D A M

A N T W E R P E N

J A K A R T A

J O H A N N E S B U RG

M A N I L L A

W A S H I N G T O N

Disclaimer

All care has been taken in the preparation of this document and the information contained herein has been derived from sources believed to be accurate and reliable.

RebelGroup does not assume responsibility for any error, omission or opinion expressed as well as any investment or other decisions based on this information.

ContactRebelGroup Advisory SA2nd Floor, West Wing, 158 Jan Smuts Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2196T +27 010 591 1232F +27 88 011 447 0272M +27 83 289 4135Email:. [email protected]

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