Month Day, YEAR

Sand Challenges

Nov, 2019

James Banister

Sand and Solids PLM (Global Technology Manager)

Applications and Process Engineering Manager

Montrose (UK)

james.banister@nov.com

NOV Wellstream Processing

Introduction

Who we are.

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NOV Wellstream Processing

Wide technology portfolio

©2019 NOV | Proprietary and confidential. Process and Flow Technologies |

NOV Wellstream Processing

Deep fluids expertise

Fundamental

analysis of fluids

behaviour

Fundamental

chemistry

analysis

Modelling

of flow pattern &

depositions

Performance monitoring

& fluids characterisation

at site

Performance

evaluations &

optimisations

We think fluids behaviour − not just hardwareWe understand the interactions

between technologies

TEG - Johan Sverdrup SWT - Catcher MEG - Ichthys

SEP - Vessel Internals PWT & SAND - Mariner CRUDE – Johan Sverdrup

1978Kværner Process

Systems

1979Merpro is

founded

1997First sale of MEG

reclamation

system

1991Tore™

technology is

developed

1994Petrex is

founded

2011NOV acquires

Merpro

2012NOV acquires

Petrex

2014Demerger of

Aker Process

Systems;

renamed Fjords

Processing

2015NOV acquires

ProFab

fabrication yard

2016NOV acquires

Fjords Processing

Wellstream

Processing is

formed

2013APS acquires Opus

Maxim including

Flotta facililty

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Separation Processes

• Where solids impact

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Separation ProcessAnd impact of solids

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Separation Process

Chokes

Maximise production

But monitor solids to:-

-limit/prevent erosion

- keep within limitations of

downstream

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Separation Process

Separators

Gradually fill with 150+

micron sand.

Slugging/upsets can lead to

sand surge downstream.

Loss of separation

performance.

- Filling

- Stabilisation of emulsions

De-pressurisation changes

acidity – can lead to fouling

(naphthenates)

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Separation Process

Deoiling Hydrocyclone

Erosion

Blocking

Separation dependent on

viscosity

©2019 NOV | Proprietary and confidential. Process and Flow Technologies | 11

Separation ProcessDegasser

80+ micron solids

Gradual filling

Can impact OIW

Co-mingling of water streams

leading to scaling

Reservoir

Pore size?

Injectivity

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Case Study A

• Condensate Field

• Late life

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A Condensate Flow Scheme

A Wells

B Wells

C Wells

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A Condensate Flow Scheme

Blocking with SolidsSolids stabilised emulsion

High WIO

Blocking with Solids

Not used

Slugging

problems

A Wells

B Wells

C Wells

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A Condensate Flow Scheme

A Wells

B Wells

C Wells

Check for chemical impacts

Surface active additives

Avoid over-dosing

Early Solids Removal

Provide residence time for solids drop-

out from water layer

- weirs and levels

- keep solids out of oil

Minimise Shear of oil/water/solids mix

Convert 2-phase to 4-phase separation

Remove/replace clogging and blocking

internals

Remove cartridge filters

Plus measures to improve OIW…

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A Condensate Flow Scheme

A Wells

B Wells

C Wells

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ToreOVD(Tore Online Vessel Desanding)

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A Condensate Flow Scheme

A Wells

B Wells

C Wells

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CYCLONE SIZE SELECTED ON SAND CONCENTRATION, PARTICLE SIZE AND REQUIRED EFFICIENCY

• Cyclonic action separates the sand from the produced water

• Ceramic liners remove sand down to 15 micron

• Sand is removed from the vessel while still on-line

• Solids transferred to a ToreScrub, Sand bagging frame, mud skip or similar

ToreTrap

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A Condensate Flow Scheme

A Wells

B Wells

C Wells

©2017 NOV | Proprietary and confidential. Process and Flow Technologies | 21

ToreScrubCleaning sand for discharge

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TorescrubCleaning the sand

One page technology description + picture• XXX

Diluted Slurry

Oily water

Feed waterSolids are re-circulated with

sand fluidising device

Eductor boosts the

pressure & dilutes

the slurry

before cleaning.

Cyclone scrubs solids & discharges

them to the vessel

Suction

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• Sand Production Prediction is unreliable– Comes with the water

– Completion failures

• 30 micron sand easy to remove, 10 micron sand expensive/difficult to remove

• Produced water solids are fouling– Clog filter cartridges

– Can’t use backwash filters

• Tie-ins, stimulation leading to solids

• Unnecessary Expense?– May not be needed for many years

– Need to be used regularly even when no sand

• Sand dewatering/cementing

• Water consumption

Challenges

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Bagging Frames and Containers

• Simple to complex

• Vessels to open bags

• Mud skips

• Builder’s bags

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Well Head Desanding

ADVANTAGES

• Eliminates Choke Wear and Flow Line

Problems

DISADVANTAGES

• Multi-Phase Flow – Higher Solids Cut Point

• High Pressure Design ($$$)

• One Well : One Desander

• Space and Weight