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Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children

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Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children. SECONDHAND SMOKING IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND TIME OF THE FIRST TOOTH ERUPTION. DIEN HOA ANH VU PhD Student – Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University. CONTENT. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION. ABBREVIATION. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children SECONDHAND SMOKING IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND TIME OF THE FIRST TOOTH ERUPTION DIEN HOA ANH VU PhD Student – Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University
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Page 1: Prospective Cohort Study of Thai  Children

Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children

SECONDHAND SMOKING IN PREGNANT WOMEN

AND TIME OF THE FIRST TOOTH ERUPTION

DIEN HOA ANH VUPhD Student – Faculty of Dentistry

Khon Kaen University

Page 2: Prospective Cohort Study of Thai  Children

CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION

• OBJECTIVE

•METHODS

• RESULTS

• DISCUSSION

• CONCLUSION

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Page 3: Prospective Cohort Study of Thai  Children

ABBREVIATION

• BW Birth Weight

• DTE Delayed first Tooth Eruption

• PCTC Prospective Cohort study of Thai Children

• SHS Secondhand Smoking

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Page 4: Prospective Cohort Study of Thai  Children

INTRODUCTION

• DTE: problems / dental development

• hold space

• align into correct position

• chew and speak

• Influence factors

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INTRODUCTION

• Secondhand smoking (SHS)

• Negative effect

• Common in Thai males

• High prevalence (29.8%) of SHS

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OBJECTIVE

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To determine whether SHS during pregnancy period delayed

the time of first tooth eruption in Thai infants

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METHODS – Study Design

• Part of PCTC

• Large birth cohort study: 4,300 infants, 5 sites in Thailand

• October 15, 2000 and September 14, 2002

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• Inclusion criteria:

• accessible year-round

• 800 to 900 newborns on average each year

• intend to live 5 years

• long-term commitment with the project

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METHODS – Study Design

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• Family members

• In-person interview, diary records, medical records

• Secondary data – community and demographic variables

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METHODS – Study Design

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• Informed consent

• The National Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand

• Khon Kaen University Ethics Committee for Human Research

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METHODS – Study Design

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Independent variables

•SHS during pregnancy: Yes/No•Number of cigarettes: • 0• 0 < CIG < 50th percentile• 50th percentile +

Outcomes

•DTE: Yes/No

•Time to eruption of the first tooth

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METHODS – Independent variables and outcomes

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METHODS – Potential bias

• Parents’ education level

•Mother’s age

• Child’s gender

• Birth weight

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METHODS – Statistical Analysis

• Description analysis

• Pearson regression

• Cox proportional regression

• Generalized estimating equation

• Stata SE 12.0

• p-value < .05

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RESULTS – Study sites

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Figure 1. Number of study members and location of PCTC sites in Thailand

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RESULTS – Demographic Characteristics

Characteristics Total Sites

North(n=xxx)

Northeast(n=xxx)

Central(n=xxx)

South(n=xxx)

Bangkok(n=xxx)

Mother’s age (years)Mother’s highest education Father’s age (years)Father’s highest education Child’s genderBirth weight

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Table 1. Demographic characteristics in five study sites

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RESULTS

Table 2. Odds ratio of having DTE among five study sites04/21/23 16

Area Number % DTE Crude OR 95%CI p-value

North xxx xx.x 1.00 Reference 0.xxx

Northeast xxx xx.x x.xx x.xx – x.xx

Central xxx xx.x x.xx x.xx – x.xx

South xxx xx.x x.xx x.xx – x.xx

Bangkok xxx xx.x x.xx x.xx – x.xx

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RESULTS

n % Crude HR (95% CI) Adjusted HR* (95% CI)

Non-SHS xxxx xx.xx 1 Reference 1 Reference

SHS < 50th percentile xxxx xx.xx x.xx x.xx – x.xx x.xx x.xx – x.xx

SHS ≥ 50th percentile xxxxx xx.xx x.xx x.xx – x.xx x.xx x.xx – x.xx

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Table 3. Crude and adjusted hazard ratio of DTE between levels of smoking groups and non-smoking group

* Hazard ratio adjusted for child’s gender, maternal age, parents’ highest education level, birth weight, and alcohol drinking and caffeine consumption during pregnancy

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RESULTS

Figure 2. Positive association between the number of cigarettes smoked by the fathers and the time of first tooth eruption

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RESULTS

Figure 3. Difference in the probability of DTE between SHS group and non-SHS group

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DISCUSSION

• The time of first tooth eruption was delayed in SHS women

• Biological plausible

• Consistent with other previous studies

• Similar with the study of Adler et al.

• Lawoyin et al. – Opposite relationship between BW and time of first tooth eruption.

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DISCUSSION – Strength

• Strongest observational design

•Multiple risk factors

• Large birth cohort study

• National representative

•Minimal loss to follow-up

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DISCUSSION – Limitation

• Information bias – trained and calibrated the interviewers

• Potential confounding factors – adjusting

• Causal inferences – suspect

• Change of association over time?

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Page 23: Prospective Cohort Study of Thai  Children

CONCLUSION

• SHS in Thai pregnant women was associated with delayed time of the first tooth eruption in infants up

•Many problems in the dental and nutritional development of infants

• Further studies

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REFERENCES


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