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The Roaring Twenties: Prosperity, Modernism, and Conflict The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly EQ – How did the U.S. experience both economic growth and social change in the decade after WWI?
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The Roaring Twenties:
Prosperity, Modernism, and Conflict
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
EQ – How did the U.S. experience both economic growth and social change in the decade after WWI?
Intro. Video
http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?SearchText=jazz+age&lid=18565842&ID=640103&player=12 Play until 2:03 (strikes resumed)
Post WWI America
Warden Harding, elected in 1920, promises a return to “normalcy”
What about Wilson’s idea of a US involved in world affairs?
What about progressivism?
Harding receives 60% of the vote
The American people reject internationalism and progressivism
Overview of America
By 1920, US is the richest and most industrialized country in the world A creditor nation – countries owe US more than
US owes them European powers were weakened from war
Overall, this is a period of great change and “modern America” is born
Economy in the 1920s
The Booming Economy
1920s was a Consumer revolution Affordable goods produced quickly
What is the “driving” force behind this?Automobile IndustryHenry Ford uses assembly lines to mass produce
cars – the Model T (cost about $850)By 1927, it cost $290In 1919, 10% of Americans had cars. By 1927,
56% had cars
The Model T
The Booming EconomyHow did the Automobile Industry spur
growth?What do cars require?
Gas, steel, oil, glass, rubberNeed streets/highways which means you need gas
stations, diners, and hotelsHenry Ford gives workers more pay, 8 hrs,
weekends off – potential customers/leisure timeWith cars, people can live further away and drive
to work – suburbs
The Booming Economy Installment Buying
Not need cash. Simply put down payment and then pay monthly payments. Use credit.
Stock market becomes a “Bull Market” Rising stock prices and Americans
invest money to get rich quickHow can average people buy
stock? Buying on margin
Buying stocks on credit
Politics of the 1920s
Conservative Government
Harding (1921-1923) & Coolidge (1923-1929) = Republicans
“The business of America is business”Practice laissez-faire policy Reject progressivism, want to help
businessReduce spending from 18 billion to
3 billionLower taxes but raise tariffs
The Harding Administration (1921-1923)
What does Harding promise?Return to Normalcy
Which means…? Less social reforms,
return to “simpler times”
How would you describe his economic policies?Pro-business; less regulations on businesses… Conservative policies!
The Coolidge Administration (1923-1929)
Nicknamed…?Silent Cal
His economic policies were…?Pro-BusinessAlso Conservative!
“The chief business of the American people is business.”
IsolationismWhat is it?Stay out of world affairs and avoid another
warWashington Naval Conference – limit size and
construction of navy/warshipsKellogg-Briand Pact – not use war to settle
disputesUS stays out of World Court*** Helps lead to WW2***
Culture in the 1920s Activity
Read Review the summary of the culture of the 1920s.
Research Learn about the flappers of the 1920s.
Respond Using the information from "A Flapper's Appeal to
Parents," answer the questions concerning the flapper culture. Then compare the youth of today to the flappers of the 1920s.
Focus Question: What do the youth of today have in common
with the youth of the 1920s?
DirectionsProcess: You will work in groups to
read/discuss You will have 10 minutes with each document to work
and discuss with your group members
Research: Answer the questions for the 3 documents and watch the video as a class http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3svvCj4yhYc&feature=related&safe=active
Synthesize: Using what you learned, complete the chart on Flappers and Modern Youth Using the documents provided, analyze the changes in
American culture in the 1920s.
Culture of the 1920s
Culture and Society of the 20s
More people live in urban areasLeisure time and more money
Jazz, theaters, radio, phonograph, baseballWomen take on social/political rights
Enter workforceGo into politics“The Flapper”
Flappers:Young women defying traditional
rules of conduct & dress
A New Culture: The Charleston
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRveIIe4uAs&feature=related
Lucy does the jitterbughttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frLNbUWG524
A New Culture: National Heroes
Babe Ruth
Charles Lindbergh, The Spirit of St.
Louis- Across Atlantic
Jack Dempsey
A New Culture: Films and Mass MediaCharlie Chaplinhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewNLCkA0oBk&safe=active
The Jazz Singer, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkyvstNrkHo
A New Culture:
The Radio
First Radio Station: KDKA Pittsburg
The Phonograph
A New Culture: Jazza blend of African American and European music
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wbNZFS3MDA
Key figures:
• Duke Ellington
• Louis Armstrong
• Bessie Smith
A New Culture: Literature
The Lost Generation No more reliance on Victorian era Disillusioned by WWI Now they look for new truths/generation
F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great GatsbyErnest Hemmingway, A Farewell to
ArmsSinclair LewisGertrude Stein
New Culture: The Harlem Renaissance
Blacks moving North/to cities during and after WWI
Emergence of a black middle class Blacks “reinvent” their culture
Black pride/nationalism Marcus Garvey and the “Back to
Africa” movement Jazz – Cotton Club Other key figures: Claude McKay,
Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes
Social Issues of the 1920s
With the good comes the bad…
The Red Scare
Fear of communists within thecountry
Why? What is communism? Russian Revolution – want International Revolution Want workers to rise up and overthrow capitalism
What happens in US? Palmer Raids – attorney general/police arrest thousands of
suspects Who? – immigrants from S. & E Europe ACLU – American Civil Liberties Union
The Red Scare
Arrests of Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrantsKnown anarchistsCharged with killing
two menWhat is the evidence?
Witness said robbers looked Italian
The Red Scare
Nativism is on the riseAnti-immigration
Emergency Quota Act and the National Origins ActEstablish quota system for immigrants from
specific countriesFormula: # of immigrants from country
could not exceed # of immigrants of nationality in 1890.
KKK – The Invisible Empire
Revived in 1915 Against changes in
cities Target blacks, Jews,
Catholics, immigrants, immorality
Attracted 4-5 million Americans join
because they are fearful of change
Rural/Religious America vs. Urban/Modernist America
Religious Americans see attack on Christianity with urban culture that is emerging Fundamentalists vs. Modernists in the Scopes Trial TN’s law against Darwin’s theory vs. ACLU/Scopes Creationism vs. Evolution
Booming Economy in the cities…. But what about Agriculture/Rural Areas?
Better technology - more food/less labor – lower prices – not make as much – banks call in loans - early depression for farmers
Prohibition
18th Amendment passed…? ProhibitionWhich outlawed…? Use, sale,
manufacture of alcohol
Some people drank anyway, at illegal bars…? Speakeasies
What amendment ENDED Prohibition? 21st Amendment
Prohibition and Organized Crime
Problem: 18th Amendment and Volstead Act“Drys” say it’s good because stop child abuse,
not waste money, liver disease, moral“Wets” say will not stop people from drinking,
lead to organized crimeBoth are rightWhich side are you on?
Organized CrimeGet illegal network of
gangs/business Make or smuggle alcohol into
the country Bootleggers – people who sold
alcohol Speakeasies – secret drinking
establishments Often spread to other area such
as murder, robbery, drugsMost notorious – Al Capone
http://video.pbs.org/video/2085881894
Quiz
What president wanted to restore America to “normalcy”?
What policies were implemented by the conservative governments?
Describe what is meant by a “Bull Market”How did the US seek to stay out of world
affairs? (two events/legislation)Who is Marcus Garvey and what did he want?
