4/5/2013 1 Ing. Susana Torres, MSc Electric Distribution Systems Basic Protection Schemes April-2013 1. Transformer Protection • IEEE C37.2. IEEE standard electrical power system device function number. • IEEE C37.90. IEEE Standard for relays and relay systems associated with electric power apparatus. • IEEE Std C37.91. IEEE Guide for Protecting Power Transformers. • IEEE Std 242. Chapter 11 of IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. (Buff Book). • IEEE Std C37.108. IEEE Guide for the Protection of Network Transformers 1.1 Standars
Transcript
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Ing. Susana Torres, MSc
Electric Distribution Systems Basic Protection Schemes
April-2013
1. Transformer Protection
• IEEE C37.2. IEEE standard electrical power system
device function number.
• IEEE C37.90. IEEE Standard for relays and relay
systems associated with electric power apparatus.
• IEEE Std C37.91. IEEE Guide for Protecting Power
Transformers.
• IEEE Std 242. Chapter 11 of IEEE Recommended
Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial
and Commercial Power Systems. (Buff Book).
• IEEE Std C37.108. IEEE Guide for the Protection of
Network Transformers
1.1 Standars
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• Devices Oil Immersed Transformers:
Gas detector relay (63P) - Boucholz relay
Sudden gas pressure relay (63SP)
Winding overtemperature (49)
Oil temperature (23Q)
• Primary Overcurrent Protection (high voltage side)
50, 51,
51G, 50G,
50N, 51N (in solid grounded systems)
• Secondary Overcurrent Protection
50G, 51 (phase overcurrent)
51G1, 51G2 (ground overcurrent)
• Differential Protection (87)
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
1.2 Protective Devices and Features
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Table 1.1 Typical Settings of Protective Devices for Power
Transformers
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Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Table 1.1 (Continued)
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Table 1.1 (Continued)
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1.3 Transformer protection with primary and secondary breaker
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
1.4 Transformer protection with a primary Fuse
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
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1.5 Protection of Low Voltage Unit Substation Transformers
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
1.6 Electrical Code Rules for Transformer Protection
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Canadian Electrical Code
Rules for Transformer Protection National Electrical Code (NFPA-70)
Rules for Transformer Protection
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2. Motor Protection
• IEEE Std C37.96. IEEE Guide for AC Motor
Protection
• IEEE Std 242. Chapter 10 of IEEE Recommended
Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial
and Commercial Power Systems. (Buff Book).
• IEEE 620. IEEE Guide for the Presentation of
Thermal Limit Curves for Squirrel Cage Induction
Machines
2.1 Standars
2.2 Data required for Relay Selection and Setting
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Data from Motor Manufacturer
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Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 2.1 Synchronous-motor performance curves during acceleration (plot generated during motor design)
2.2 Data required for Relay Selection and Setting
(Continued)
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Data from Mechanical Equipment Vendor
Data from Power Utility Company
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2.3 Recommended Protection
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
A. Protection against abnormal power supply conditions:
Undervoltage, 27
Overvoltage, 59
Voltage or current unbalance, 60 or 46
Underfrequency, 81
B. Protection against Faults in the Motor or Motor Feeder:
Ground fault, 50G, 51G, or 87M
Short circuit, 50, 51, or 87M
C. Protection against abnormal conditions caused by the
Driven Load:
Locked rotor or fail to accelerate, 51S
Overload - thermal protection, 49, 49W
Bearing overtemperature 38
Vibration, 39
2.3 Recommended Protection (Continued)
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
D. Protection against Abnormal Conditions Caused by
Environment:
High ambient temperature, 49W
Blocked ventilation or cooling, 49W
Lightning and switching surge, surge arrestors
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2.4 Recommended Protection Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 2.2 Typical protection features for MV induction motor (≤1500 hp) controlled by fused starters
2.4 Recommended Protection Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 2.3 Typical protection features for MV induction motor (>1500 hp) controlled by circuit breaker
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2.4 Recommended Protection Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 2.4 Typical protection features for MV motor and captive (unit) transformer
2.4 Recommended Protection Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008 Fig. 2.5 Medium Voltage V.F.D. Protection
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Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Table 2.1 Typical Settings of Protective Devices. Motor Protection
2.5 Electrical Code Rules for Motor Protection
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
National Electrical Code (NFPA-70)
Rules for Transformer Protection
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2.5 Electrical Code Rules for Motor Protection (continued)
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Canadian Electrical Code
CSA C22.1-2002
Rules for Transformer Protection
3. Generator Protection
• IEEE Std C37.102. Guide for AC generator
protection.
• IEEE Std 242. Chapter 12 of IEEE Recommended
Practice for Protection and Coordination of
Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. (Buff
Book).
• IEEE C37.95, IEEE Guide for Protective Relaying of
Utility-Consumer Interconnection.
• IEEE C37.101, IEEE Guide for Generator Ground
Protection
• IEEE C37.106, IEEE Guide for Abnormal-Frequency
Protection for Power Generating Plants
3.1 Standars
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3.2 Data required for Relay Selection and Setting
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
3.3 Recommended Protection Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 3.1 Protection scheme for a HR-grounded generator
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3.3 Recommended Protection Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 3.2 Protection scheme for a unit-connected generator
3.3 Recommended Protection Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 3.3 Resistance-grounded generator to LV-connected
system
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3.3 Recommended Protection Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 3.4 Protection scheme for diesel generator (≤500 kW) connected to a low-voltage
bus (≤600 V)
4. Bus Protection
• IEEE C37.97, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay
Applications to Power System Buses.
• IEEE Std 242. Chapter 13 of IEEE Recommended
Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial
and Commercial Power Systems. (Buff Book).
4.1 Standars
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4.2 Bus Differential Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 4.1 Bus-differential circuit for a radial system. Nondirectional Overcurrent Relays
4.2 Bus Differential Schemes
Source: Industrial Power Systems. Shoaib Khan. CRC Press, 2008
Fig. 4.2 Bus-differential scheme using overcurrent and a stabilizing resistor. Nondirectional Overcurrent Relays
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REFERENCES - STANDARDS
Transformer Protection IEEE C37.91-2000, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power Transformers, 2000. IEEE C37.108-2002, IEEE Guide for the Protection of Network Transformers, 2002. IEEE C57.12.44-2000, IEEE Standard Requirements for Secondary Network Protectors, 2000. IEEE C57.12.59-2001, Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration, 2001. IEEE C57.91-1995, IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil Immersed Power Transformers, 1995. IEEE C57.92-2000, Guide for Loading Oil-Immersed Distribution and Power Transformers up to and Including 100 MVA with 55°C or 65°C Winding Rise, 2000. IEEE C57.96-1999, IEEE Guide for Loading Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers, 1999. IEEE C57.109-1993, Guide for Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration, 1993. IEEE C57.115-1991, IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Power Transformers Rated in Excess of 100 MVA, 1991. IEC 76-5, Power Transformers Ability to Withstand Short Circuit and Amendment No.1.
REFERENCES - STANDARDS
Motor Protection IEEE C37.96-2000, IEEE Guide for AC Motor Protection, 2000. IEEE 620-1996, IEEE Guide for Presentation of Thermal Limit Curves for Squirrel Cage Induction Machines, 1996. Generator Protection IEEE C37.95-2002, IEEE Guide for Protective Relaying of Utility-Consumer Interconnection, 2002. IEEE C37.101-1993, IEEE Guide for Generator Ground Protection, 1993. IEEE C37.102-1995, IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection, 1995. IEEE C37.106-1987 (R 1992), IEEE Guide for Abnormal-Frequency Protection for Power Generating Plants, 1992. IEEE 122-1991, IEEE Recommended Practice for Functional and Performance Characteristics of Control Systems for Steam Turbine Generator Units, 1991. IEEE 487-1992, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Protection of Wire-Line Communication Facilities Serving Electric Power Stations, 1992. IEEE 502-1985 (R 1992), IEEE Guide for Protection, Interlocking and Control of Fossil- Fuel Unit Connected Steam Stations, 1992. IEEE 1046-1991, IEEE Guide for Distributed Digital Control and Monitoring for Power Plants, 1991.
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REFERENCES - STANDARDS
Generator Protection IEEE 1129-1992, IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring and Instrumentation of Turbine Generators, 1992. IEEE Cat. No. 95 TP 102, IEEE Tutorial on the Protection of Synchronous Generators. ANSI C50.10-1990, American National Standard for General Requirements of Synchronous Machines, 1990. ANSI C50.12-1982, American National Standard Requirement for Salient-Pole Synchronous Generators and Generator/Motors for Hydraulic Turbine Applications, 1982. ANSI C50.13-1989, American National Standard Requirement for Cylindrical Rotor Synchronous Generators, 1989. ANSI C50.14-1977, American National Standard Requirement for Gas Turbine Driven Cylindrical Rotor Synchronous Generators, 1977. Bus Protection IEEE C37.97-1997, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power System Buses, 1997. Transmission Lines IEEE Std C37.113. IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Transmission Lines
Bibliography
NFPA 70. National Electric Code, NEC-2011 Shoaib Khan. Industrial power systems. CRC Press. 2008 James A. Momoh. Electric power distribution, automation, protection, and control. CRC Press. 2008 Turan Gönen. Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition. CRC Press. 2009 Anderson, Paul M. Power system protection. McGraw-Hill, NY, 1999 J. Lewis Blackburn. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, Third Edition. CRC Press. 2006 Bayliss, C. R. Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering. Third Edition. 2007 Russell Mason, C. The Art & Science of Protective Relaying. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NY. (Application Engineer General Electric Co. http://www.gedigitalenergy.com/multilin/notes/artsci/index.htm)
