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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS NOTES #1
Review What is transcription?
Copying of DNA onto mRNA Where does transcription occur?
In the Nucleus When copying DNA onto mRNA there
is no Thymine (T) instead there is Uracil (U) A – U; G – C
More Review What is Translation?
The changing of mRNA into a protein
Where does Translation occur? In the Ribosome
What is a codon? 3 bases on mRNA
What is an anticodon? 3 bases on tRNA
Last of the Review What type of RNA carries the amino
acids to the ribosomes? tRNA
What is the start codon? AUG
What are the stop codons? UGA, UAA and UAG
Codon Wheel or Codon Chart Each codon (3 bases on mRNA) codes
for a particular amino acid You find which amino acid is coded for
by looking on one of the codon charts Codon Wheel – start from the middle
and work your way out Codon Chart – Start on the left side,
then the bottom (or top) and then the right side
The Genetic Code (mRNA)
A
LysineLysine
AsparagineAsparagine
ArginineArginineSerineSerine
IsoleucineMethionineIsoleucineIsoleucine
ThreonineThreonineThreonineThreonine
AGUC
G
Glutamic acidGlutamic acidAspartic acidAspartic acid
GlycineGlycineGlycineGlycine
ValineValineValineValine
AlanineAlanineAlanineAlanine
AGUC
U
“Stop” codon“Stop” codon
TyrosineTyrosine
‘Stop” codonTryptophan
CysteineCysteine
LeucineLeucine
PhenylalaninePhenylalanine
SerineSerineSerineSerine
AGUC
C
GlutamineGlutamineHistidineHistidine
ArginineArginineArginineArginine
LeucineLeucineLeucineLeucine
ProlineProlineProlineProline
AGUC
A G U C
1st Base in
Codon
3rd Base in Codon
2nd Base in Codon
Practice Using One of the Codon Charts
If the codon is GCC, what is the amino acid?Alanine
If the codon is UGG, what is the amino acid?Tryptophan
If the codon is AGU, what is the amino acid?Serine
More Practice Using One of the Codon Charts
Can you go backwards? How many codons are there for
the amino acid proline? 4
Name the 4 codons for proline. CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
Name 2 of the codons for arginine. AGG, AGA, CGG, CGA, CGC, CGU
Protein Synthesis Practice
If one side of the DNA strand is:
TACACCGGTCCATTTACTWhat is the complementary
(other) side of the DNA strand?
ATGTGGCCAGGTAAATGA
Protein Synthesis Practice
Using the original DNA strand:
TACACCGGTCCATTTACTPerform transcription – what
is the mRNA produced? AUGUGGCCAGGUAAAUGA
Protein Synthesis Practice
Break the mRNA into codons (groups of 3):
AUGUGGCCAGGUAAAUGAPerform Translation- what is
the protein produced? Meth – Tryp – Pro – Gly – Lys (stop)(start)
Another Protein Synthesis Practice Problem
If DNA is: TACAATGCCAGTGGTTCGCACATTWhat is the mRNA?
AUGUUACGGUCACCAAGCGUGUAAWhat is the protein made?Meth-Leu-Arg-Ser-Pro-Ser-Val (stop)