Properties of Water NotesProperties of Water Notes

WaterWater• Why is water important to living Why is water important to living

things?things?• All living things are mostly made out All living things are mostly made out

of water.of water.

Water StructureWater Structure• Water consists of 2 Water consists of 2

hydrogen and 1 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom.oxygen atom.

• They are held They are held together by a together by a covalent bondcovalent bond

• Covalent Bonds- Covalent Bonds- means they share means they share electrons.electrons.

WaterWater• Three properties of water make it a Three properties of water make it a

unique substance: unique substance: • 1. Polarity1. Polarity• 2. Hydrogen Bonding2. Hydrogen Bonding• 3. Temperature Moderation3. Temperature Moderation

PolarityPolarity• 1. Polarity1. Polarity - uneven pattern of - uneven pattern of

charge due to an unequal sharing of charge due to an unequal sharing of electrons in the covalent bond.electrons in the covalent bond.

• The Oxygen pulls the electrons The Oxygen pulls the electrons towards it cause it to be negative towards it cause it to be negative charge and then making the top part charge and then making the top part with the Hydrogens to be positive with the Hydrogens to be positive charge.charge.

PolarityPolarity• Benefits of polarity:Benefits of polarity: Water is able to Water is able to

dissolve other polar substances (likes dissolve other polar substances (likes dissolve likes).dissolve likes).

• This makes water the universal This makes water the universal solventsolvent

Hydrogen BondingHydrogen Bonding• 2. Hydrogen 2. Hydrogen

BondingBonding - the - the positive region positive region (hydrogen) of one (hydrogen) of one water molecule is water molecule is attracted to the attracted to the negative region negative region (Oxygen) of another (Oxygen) of another water molecule.water molecule.

Hydrogen BondingHydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen BondingHydrogen Bonding• Hydrogen Bonding is what causes the Hydrogen Bonding is what causes the

3 state of matter.3 state of matter.• SolidSolid – particles are barely moving, – particles are barely moving,

lots of hydrogen bonds. Ex. Icelots of hydrogen bonds. Ex. Ice• Heat energy breaks the bonds that Heat energy breaks the bonds that

allow a solid to turn into a liquid.allow a solid to turn into a liquid.

Hydrogen BondingHydrogen Bonding• LiquidLiquid - particles are moving slowly, - particles are moving slowly,

few hydrogen bonds. Ex. Waterfew hydrogen bonds. Ex. Water• GasGas - particles are moving very fast, - particles are moving very fast,

no hydrogen bonds. Ex. Water vaporno hydrogen bonds. Ex. Water vapor

Hydrogen BondingHydrogen Bonding• Why: Polarity leads to uneven Why: Polarity leads to uneven

chargescharges

• Benefits:Benefits: Water can cling to itself and Water can cling to itself and other substances. Examples of this other substances. Examples of this are Cohesion and Adhesion.are Cohesion and Adhesion.

Water ClingsWater Clings• CohesionCohesion: attractive force between : attractive force between

particles of the same kind, like water particles of the same kind, like water sticking to water.sticking to water.– ExEx.. Surface tensionSurface tension: waters acts as if it : waters acts as if it

has a thin skin, allows animals to walk has a thin skin, allows animals to walk on top of the water, without falling in.on top of the water, without falling in.

Water ClingsWater Clings• AdhesionAdhesion: attractive force between : attractive force between

particles that are different, like water particles that are different, like water to glass or your blood to veins.to glass or your blood to veins.

• Example would be capillarity and is Example would be capillarity and is how blood moves through your small how blood moves through your small veins.veins.

Water ClingsWater Clings– CapillarityCapillarity – water/liquid molecules – water/liquid molecules

move upward through narrow tubes move upward through narrow tubes against the force of gravity – important against the force of gravity – important for plants!for plants!

Temperature ModerationTemperature Moderation• Temperature ModerationTemperature Moderation - water must gain - water must gain

or lose a lot of energy for the temperature or lose a lot of energy for the temperature to change.to change.

Temperature ModerationTemperature Moderation• Why:Why: Hydrogen bonds must break before Hydrogen bonds must break before

there is a change in temperature and you there is a change in temperature and you need to gain/loose heat energy to break need to gain/loose heat energy to break bonds.bonds.

• Benefits:Benefits: Homeostasis for marine life and Homeostasis for marine life and within our cells.within our cells.

• This is how our bodies can stay at 98.6 This is how our bodies can stay at 98.6 degrees all day every day.degrees all day every day.