Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

Analyze these WoodcutsAnalyze these Woodcuts Both by Lucas Cranach, 1521Both by Lucas Cranach, 1521

Problems with the ChurchProblems with the Church

Feared it was becoming too ______________Feared it was becoming too ______________ People losing respect for _____________People losing respect for _____________ Church paying for elaborate Renaissance artChurch paying for elaborate Renaissance art

Who is really paying?Who is really paying? Pope Leo X needs money to build __________Pope Leo X needs money to build __________ Will raise money by selling ____________Will raise money by selling ____________

Pardons issued by the Pope to ________ their time Pardons issued by the Pope to ________ their time in Purgatory in Purgatory

People turning from Church and more to state - People turning from Church and more to state - ____________________________

Extravagant

Clergy

St. Peter’s Basilica

Indulgences Lessen

Nationalism

Early Reformers Early Reformers

John Wycliffe – John Wycliffe – church give up _______ __________church give up _______ __________ Bible into __________ languageBible into __________ language

John Hus – John Hus – burned at the stake burned at the stake for his beliefs for his beliefs against the church against the church

Earthly Possessions

Common

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

Early reformers laid foundation Early reformers laid foundation Protestant Reformation: Protestant Reformation:

____________________________________________________________________ Most recognize _________ as the date for Most recognize _________ as the date for

the beginning of the reformation the beginning of the reformation

Church back to its roots

1517

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Thought the selling of Thought the selling of __________ was sinful__________ was sinful Nailed ___________ Nailed ___________ to the door of the churchto the door of the church Intended just for church leaders Intended just for church leaders

written in _________ _________written in _________ _________ Inspired discussion among _______________Inspired discussion among _______________

Because of the ________ _______ these Because of the ________ _______ these were spread throughout Europewere spread throughout Europe

Indulgences

95 Theses

Academic LatinUniversity scholars

Printing Press

Luther’s Beliefs that got him in Luther’s Beliefs that got him in troubletrouble

God’s grace can’t be earned by just ______ God’s grace can’t be earned by just ______ _______; needed _________________; needed __________

The only head of the church is _________The only head of the church is _________ Not the __________Not the __________

People should be able to ________ scripture People should be able to ________ scripture Christian practices should come directly from Christian practices should come directly from

the Biblethe Bible Translates Bible into __________ people other than Translates Bible into __________ people other than

clergy able to read scripturesclergy able to read scriptures

Good

Works Faith

Christ

Pope

Interpret

German

TroubleTrouble

Luther is _______________ by Pope Leo XLuther is _______________ by Pope Leo X To go before HRE Charles V and German To go before HRE Charles V and German

assembly in the city of Wormsassembly in the city of Worms Refused to ______________ his beliefs Refused to ______________ his beliefs Charles V issues Edict of Worms- declares:Charles V issues Edict of Worms- declares:

Luther an _____________Luther an _____________ Condemned his writings Condemned his writings

Ideas spread, by 1530s _____________ was Ideas spread, by 1530s _____________ was a recognized branch of Christianity a recognized branch of Christianity

Excommunicated

Denounce

outlaw

Lutheranism

Other ReformersOther Reformers

ZwingliZwingli – Similar to Luther, in Switzerland – Similar to Luther, in Switzerland Not supported by LutherNot supported by Luther Wanted Theocracy – Church and State the sameWanted Theocracy – Church and State the same Dies in battle against the CatholicsDies in battle against the Catholics

John Calvin –John Calvin – Predestination – God knows Predestination – God knows who will be saved before they are bornwho will be saved before they are born Can do nothing to change itCan do nothing to change it Born good or badBorn good or bad People are born bad so must have strict laws to People are born bad so must have strict laws to

maintain order maintain order

Other Reformers Cont. Other Reformers Cont.

John KnoxJohn Knox – Scotland reformer – Scotland reformer Presbyterians in the USPresbyterians in the US

Anabaptists - Anabaptists - broke away based on broke away based on baptism beliefs baptism beliefs Baptized adults (crime at the time)Baptized adults (crime at the time) Mennonites and Amish are examples Mennonites and Amish are examples

Henry VIII of England Henry VIII of England

Wife 1Catherine of Aragon

-sister-in-law-princess of Spain

“Defender of the Faith”

Daughter 1Mary

*Wants marriage to Catherine Annulled

*Catherine and nephew (HRE) Charles V don’t

*Pope Refuses to annul the marriage

*Henry and Parliament declare England no longer under the pope – church of England

*Act of Supremacy – English people must take oath of loyalty to Henry –official break from Rome

Anne Bolen

Wife 2

-Beheaded for adultery and treason

Elizabeth 1Daughter 2

Jane Seymour

Wife 3

-Dies in Childbirth

-Buried next to Henry

Edward VI – only son

Anne of Cleves

Wife 4

-Marries based on

recommendation of friend

-Thinks she’s ugly

-Annulled

Catherine Howard

Wife 5

-Had an affair

-Will be beheaded

Catherine Parr

Wife 6

Survived Henry

Divorced, beheaded, died, divorce, beheaded, survived