Protostomes
Porifera
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Acoelomorpha
Rotifera
Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Mollusca
Nematoda
Tardigrada
Onychophora
Arthropoda
Coelom
Bilateral symmetry
Protostome
development
ANIMALS
LOPHOTROCHOZOA
ECDYSOZOA
Echinodermata
Chordata
PR
OT
OS
TO
ME
S
Lophophore
Bryozoans
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Beat diffusion by being flat - Increase size without increasing distance to each cell
Diffusion
Platyhelminthes - Planaria
Phylum Annelida
Hydraulic movement in a tubular animal
Phylum Mollusca
Porifera
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Acoelomorpha
Rotifera
Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Mollusca
Nematoda
Tardigrada
Onychophora
Arthropoda
Coelom
Bilateral symmetry
Protostome
development
ANIMALS
LOPHOTROCHOZOA
ECDYSOZOA
Echinodermata
Chordata
PR
OT
OS
TO
ME
S
Ecdysozoa
Phylum Nematoda
Phylum Arthropoda
2x
Area = 1 Strength = 1 Weight = 1 Strength/wt = 1
Area = 4 Strength = 4 Weight = 8 Strength/wt = 1/2
Exoskeleton like tube Endoskeleton like rod
Per unit weight, tube is stonger than rod
Generalized arthropod - Segments - Exoskeleton - Ventral nervous system with anterior,
dorsal brain
tagmatization
Tracheal system - Spiracles - Trachea - tracheoles