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1 KISSS America Design Guide 800.376.7161 www.kisssusa.com

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DESIGN GUIDE



Table of Contents

Overview - About KISSS 5-6

General Design Criteria / Design Parameters 7

Product Selection 8-9

Water Availability and Quality / Filtration 11

Soil Testing / Determining Soil Type 12-14

KISSS Spacing Guidelines 15-16

Maximum Run Length 17

Application Rates for KISSS 18

Technical Data / Design Calculations / Scheduling 19-20

Design Considerations for Slopes 21

Design Examples / KISSS Details 22-25

Supply Headers and Exhaust Footers 27

KISSS Fittings – Below Flow Flat 28

KISSS Fittings – Below Flow Wrap 29

Air Release and Air Vacuum Relief Valves 31-32

Line Flushing Valves 33

Electric Control Valves 35

Presure Regulating Valves 35-36

Plastic Filters 37

Other Filter Options 38

Fertigation 39

Acclima Controllers / Moisture Sensors 40-42

Irritrol Controllers 43-44

Flow Sensors/Flow Monitor 45-46

Product Refernce Chart 47

Terminology / Glossary 49-50

Introduction

The KISSS Design Guide details the process of correctly designing irrigation systems with KISSS Below Flow

Flat and Below Flow Wrap. If you have any questions about this guide or a specific project, feel free to call

us at 800-376-1777.

kisssusa.com

800-376-7161

[email protected]



About KISSS

KISSS America’s mission is to be the most innovative company in the irrigation industry worldwide, through purveyance of sustainable, closed-loop, water-saving systems and services and the application of “best practices” to its customers. KISSS America drives invention and integration of effective, easy-to-use technologies, coupled with world-class customer service. Accomplishment of this mission will result in the creation of enduring corporate value for our customers and employees, with an above average return for our shareholders. KISSS offers effective irrigation solutions to address today’s dwindling water supplies. KISSS America represents a proprietary line of irrigation products manufactured and sold exclusively throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean.

KISSS technology exploits the natural advantages of geo-textiles. KISSS systems are installed entirely beneath the ground’s surface and employ the capillary action innate in virtually all types of soil. Losses in efficiency due to overspray and surface run-off (common in sprinklers) are eliminated. Since there are no sprinkler heads to break or be stolen, maintenance is minimized. Along with increasing irrigation efficiency, proper utilization of the KISSS system assures better plant quality by maintaining near perfect air/water content in the soil. Chemicals can be applied directly through the system to the root zone, resulting in excellent plant health with substantially less fertilizer. KISSS solutions initially may cost somewhat more than traditional irrigation systems, however, these benefits and others result in a more rapid ROI than that of traditional overhead and drip irrigation systems.

This design guide is developed with the Irrigation Consultant, Landscape Architect and Water Conservation Specialist in mind. KISSS has been specially designed to be used for the following applications:

Landscaping including turf and gardens

Roof gardens of all types from extensive and intensive to roof top vegetable gardens

Containers in the nursery industry

Agricultural irrigation systems for all types of crops including row and field crops

Green or living walls


KISSS is THE FIRST AND ORIGINAL SUBSURFACE TEXTILE IRRIGATION that offers a GREEN solution for irrigating the landscape. KISSS (Kapillary Irrigation Sub-Surface Systems) moves water at the soil's natural absorption rate creating a uniform wetting pattern by matching the soil's capillary absorption properties. The KISSS system works by pulsing water through sub-surface lateral irrigation lines to a geo-textile fabric which, using its own capillary action, disperses water into the soil at or below the root zone. The geo-textile fabric maintains moisture uniformity along its length and allows soil to absorb water as needed at a rate that is often slower and more effective than with conventional drip A polypropylene backing on the fabric prevents water loss from downward percolation. Soluble fertilizers and other chemicals can be pulsed through the system to provide nutrients at the root zone where they are needed, eliminating surface exposure to humans and pets, and reducing harmful and wasteful run-off. KISSS can substantially reduce water consumption and yield healthier plants when compared to traditional overhead sprinkler and drip systems while requiring less maintenance, fertilizer, and pumping costs.


General Design Criteria

Before designing a KISSS, Subsurface Textile Irrigation system for your site, you will need to start by planning and investigating the site. Listed below are a few steps that you will need to do before starting your design:

• Site Survey - Draw a scaled plan of the site to be irrigated • Identify the Soil Type (Sand, Loam or Clay) • Determine areas that need to be irrigated (Turf, Shrubs, Plants and Trees) • Determine type of water- Potable, Non-Potable (Reclaimed), Well, Catchment, Greywater or Blackwater • Determine your point of connection • Static Pressure

Design Parameters

KISSS is designed for use in applications using a grid concept. This concept will have supply headers and exhaust footers at each end to create a closed-loop system. The result of the grid design is a completely subsurface-wetted area that is ideal for plant growth and root development.


Below Flow Flat (BFF) Applications: • Turf • Commercial Landscapes • Parks and Recreation • Athletic / Sports Fields • Street Medians • Green Roofs

Product Selection

KISSS Below Flow Flat operates at low pressures between 10 and 30 psi. The water running through the lines disperses upward from pressure compensating emitters to the polypropylene dispersion layer which forces the water into the geo-textile which runs the length of the material. Downward percolation is reduced by the polypropylene anti-percolation layer that is exclusive to the Below Flow Flat. This then allows the soil to absorb the water from the capillary geo-textile at its own rate based on the soil’s need for water. These components working together in the KISSS irrigation system are the basis of the patented technology behind the system.

Below Flow Flat Explained

Dispersion layer: The blue tape on top of the product acts as a boundary between the soil and the emitter. It forces the water into the geo-textile which then begins the capillary action of water into the soil. This eliminates water tunneling to the surface creating wet spots and points of water waste. Capillary Fiber: the Geo-Textile Capillary Fiber starts the capillary movement of water into the soil by providing an infinite number of absorption points along the textile where water makes its way into the soil. The textile maintains moisture uniformity along its length providing a consistent and uniform source of water to the soil and to the root structure. In essence, the geo-textile fabric acts as a single, contiguous emitter. Emitter - Polyethylene tube with pressure compensating emitters delivers water to the geo-textile at low pressure ranges when system is activated at 10 PSI. Anti-percolation layer: Minimizes downward percolation of water reducing water loss. The backing forces the water to move upward and laterally into the soil keeping water at the root zone. Safety Flow: Dispersion tape has a purple identifier for reclaimed water use

Below Flow Flat Safety Flow Flat


Below Flow Wrap (BFW) Applications: • Commercial / Residential Landscapes • Parks and Recreation • Perennial Beds • Sloped Landscape Areas • Street Medians • Green Roofs

Below Flow Wrap / Safety Flow Wrap

KISSS Below Flow Wrap operates at pressures between 14 and 50 psi. Below Flow Wrap works best in annual flower beds, perennial and shrubs planting areas, around trees and in turf. Below Flow Wrap can be used in turf installations where the material must be bent and turned to conform to various topographical shapes or slopes.

Below Flow Wrap Explained

Dispersion layer: The layer on top of the product acts as a boundary between the soil and the emitter. It forces the water into the geo-textile which then begins the capillary action of water into the soil. This eliminates water tunneling to the surface creating wet spots and points of water waste. Capillary Fiber: Geo-Textile Capillary Fiber starts the capillary movement of water into the soil by providing infinite number of absorption points along the textile where water makes its way into the soil. The geo-textile maintains moisture uniformity along its length providing a consistent and uniform source of water to the soil and to the root structure. In essence, the geo-textile fabric acts as a single, contiguous emitter. Pressure Compensating Non-Leak Emitter: Drip tubing with pressure compensating emitters with check valve delivers water to the geo-textile at low pressure ranges when system is activated. Below Flow Wrap has “check-valve” emitters that is pressure compensating to maintain a uniform flow rate from the system while preventing downward drainage in highly sloped areas when the system is off Safety Flow: Dispersion tape has a purple identifier for reclaimed water use

Below Flow Wrap Safety Flow Wrap



Water Availability and Quality

The allowable water flow (75% of available flow) and pressure are the determining factors for the maximum allowable zone flow. This is determined by the capacity at the point of connection and supply restrictions beyond the point of connection. Available flow and pressure can be obtained from the following sources: • Physical pressure and volume tests (most reliable) • Your local water district office • Engineered calculations based on the size of the point of connection, meter and static pressure Always make these determinations during the time of day at which the water pressure is at its lowest point. Water quality determines the type of filter that is used. Water quality varies significantly according to the source which can be classified generally as: • Potable water • Irrigation district water • Greywater or industrial recycled water • Effluent water • Recycled water • Well water Filtration KISSS systems require appropriate filtration in order to protect the emitters from plugging. For most applications the amount of filtration is measured by the "mesh size" of the screen or maximum size in "microns" of an object that can pass through the filter. You always want to use the highest level of filtration that is practical. KISSS systems will typically operate using a 120 Mesh (130 Micron) Disc Filter. Depending on the water source and quality, other types of filtration may be required for the system design. Here are some suggestions based on the source of your irrigation water.

Water Source Suggested Filter

Municipal Screen Filter, Centrifugal Filter, or Disc Filter

Well Screen Filter, Centrifugal Filter, or Disc Filter

River or Creek Disc Filter, Media Filter and Screen Filter, Centrifugal and Media Filter

Pond or Lake Disc Filter, Media Filter and Screen Filter, Centrifugal and Media Filter

Spring or Artesian Well Screen Filter, Centrifugal Filter, or Disc Filter

Organic Material in Water Disc Filter, Media Filter and Screen Filter, Centrifugal and Media Filter

Sand in Water Screen Filter, Centrifugal Filter, or Disc Filter

Water Analysis and testing will determine which filter to use for your design


Soil Testing/Determine Soil Type

KISSS America highly recommends that the soil at the site be tested for capillary movement. Capillary movement in the soil profile will determine the spacing of KISSS Below Flow Flat or Wrap. Soil evaluation methods include testing for physical water movement from the KISSS system and water holding capacity of the proposed soil. Additionally, you may receive amendment recommendations from landscape architect, landscape designer or a third party soil testing organization to enhance the quality of your soil for KISSS compatibility. (Note: KISSS America does not test soil for Nutrient Availability) First thing to determine in infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. Infiltration rate in soil science is a measure of the rate at which soil is able to absorb rainfall or irrigation. It is measured in inches per hour or millimeters per hour. The rate decreases as the soil becomes saturated. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier. It is related to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the near-surface soil. The rate of infiltration can be measured using an Infiltrometer.

Soil Infiltration Rates (in/hr)

Percent of Slope Clay Loam Sand

0%-4% .19-.31 .31-.88 .88-1.25

5%-8% .15-.25 .25-.70 .70-1.00

Soil Infiltration Rate information and values from USDA

For general use, soils that fall into any segment of the triangle labeled "loam" are good. If a soil tends toward the clay or silt side, soil fertility should not be a problem, but some organic matter should be added to aid in drainage. If the sample is sandy, fertility and moisture retention may be problems.


Soil Type Testing:

Water puddles in hard, tightly bound soil and may eventually runoff. Apply water slowly to clay soils so that it has time to penetrate into the root zone. In sandy soils, water flows down in a narrow pattern. KISSS will be spaced depending on soil type to ensure full coverage of the root zone. The guidelines below will help you plan for your specific landscape. Soil type - refers to the texture of your soil. Soil is composed of organic matter, mineral particles and air spaces. Soil minerals come in three types: sand, silt and clay. Sand is the largest particle. Silt particles are smaller than fine sand but can still be seen by the human eye. Clay particles are microscopic. The relative proportion of these particles determines the soil texture. Sandy soil—tends to be very light and dries out swiftly. Water drains very quickly and makes the soil easy to dig. Silt soil—retains moisture and feels slippery when wet. Retains nutrients better than sand but does not dry out as quickly. Clay soil—a very heavy soil, it holds moisture for long periods of time when wet and dries hard as a brick. Clay soil retains nutrients and is very fertile but is heavy, sticky and very hard to dig. Loam soil—the ideal soil texture, it is composed of sand, silt and clay. The ideal loam soil contains 40% silt, 20% clay and 40% sand and organic matter. Loam is a separate category because none of its components account for more than 50%. Loam soils are ideal for most plants, although many plants grow well in non-loam soils.

Test Soil Type by Hand

TEST 1: Take a handful of moist soil, feel it and rub it between your fingers. If it is rough and gritty and breaks up easily it is sandy. If it feels sticky and like plastic it is clay. If it feels slippery with smaller particles than sand, it is silt TEST 2: Take a handful of moist soil and try to form a lump with it. If it makes a solid lump that won't crumble it is clay. If it won't form a lump but crumbles at once it is sand.

Sandy Soil Silty Soil Clay Soil

Wat

er


Test Soil Type by Jar

Remove 1 to 2 cups of soil from the zone to be irrigated

Place into a glass jar (Mason Jar)

Fill the jar half way with water. Shake and let sit for 2 hours so the particles can settle. The heavier sand particles will settle to the bottom, then silt, then clay on top.

Measure the height of all three layers of the soil then the height of each layer; divide the height of each layer by the total height to figure out the percentage of each soil in the jar.

Type of Soil Test Jar

Sandy soils - are typically comprised of approximately 80 - 100% sand, 0 - 10% silt and 0 - 10% clay by volume. Sandy soils are light and typically very free draining, usually holding water very poorly due to very low organic content.

Loam soils - are typically comprised of approximately 25 - 50% sand, 30- 50% silt and 10 - 30% clay by volume. Loam soils are somewhat heavier than sandy soils, but also tend to be fairly free draining, again, due to typically low organic content.

Clay soils - are typically comprised of approximately 0 - 45% sand, 0 - 45% silt and 50 - 100% clay by volume. Clay soils are not typically free draining, and water tends to take a long time to infiltrate. When wet, such soils tend to allow virtually all water to run-off. Clay soils tend to be heavy and difficult to work when dry.


KISSS Spacing Guidelines

Choosing the proper row spacing of the KISSS Below Flow Flat or Wrap will depend on the type of soil that is predominant on the site. It is also important to know what amendments may be added to the predominant soil when KISSS is ready to be installed.

Below Flow Flat

Clay

Loam

Sand

Dripper Flow

.358-.537 GPH

.537 GPH

.537 GPH

Lateral Row Spacing

18'' - 20''

18'' - 20''

16'' - 18''

Burial Depth Burry 6'' - 8'' (Depending on Application)

Application Rate (in/hr)

.23'' - .31''

.31'' - .34''

.26'' - .35''

Time to Apply 1/4'' of Water (in mins)

48 - 65 min

44 - 48 min

43 - 58 min

Below Flow Wrap

Clay

Loam

Sand

Dripper Flow

.405 - .631 GPH

.631 GPH

.631 GPH

Lateral Row Spacing

18'' - 20''

18'' - 20''

16'' - 18''

Burial Depth Burry 6'' - 8'' (Depending on Application)

Application Rate (in/hr)

.19" - .37"

.37" - .41"

.22" - .41"

Time to Apply 1/4'' of Water (in mins)

40 - 84 min

37 - 41 min

43 - 68 min


Recommended KISSS Spacing

Design Considerations

• Space the tubing 6” – 8” from hardscape and other planting zones • Lateral spacing is a design consideration and can be calculated • Installations using KISSS Below Flow Flat should use an air/vacuum relief valve at a high point in the system to avoid back siphoning material into the emitters • Manual flush should be installed on the Exhaust Footer Pipe

Example: Calculating Equal Lateral Row Spacing

Application Width (ft) 8.0'

Convert Width to Inches 96"

Below Example (Offset KISSS 6'' from hardscape)

96" - 12" = 84"

Total Width of Area ÷ Row Spacing

84" ÷ 20" = 4.2

Total Width of Area ÷ Total Equal Rows

84 ÷ 4 = 21"

Equal Row Spacing 21"

Total Number of KISSS Lines

6

Calculate the number of rows by adding 1 to the number of spaces between the rows: 5 + 1 = 6 rows.

Recommended to space KISSS 6" - 8" from all hardscapes and planting areas


Maximum Run Length

Maximum Run Length of KISSS Below Flow Flat (White and Red)

Below Flow Flat WHITE

Operating Pressure Maximum Run

Length (ft)

Emitter Flow: .423 GPH

10 PSI 269

15 PSI 334

20 PSI 410

Emitter Spacing: 15.7 inches

25 PSI 482

30 PSI 554

Below Flow Flat RED


Length (ft)


10 PSI 390

15 PSI 480

20 PSI 593


25 PSI 698

30 PSI 797

Maximum Run Length of KISSS Below Flow Wrap (White and Red)

Below Flow Wrap WHITE


Length (ft)


10 PSI 269

15 PSI 334

20 PSI 410


25 PSI 482

30 PSI 554

Below Flow Wrap RED


Length (ft)


10 PSI 390

15 PSI 480

20 PSI 593


25 PSI 698

30 PSI 797


Application Rates for KISSS

BFF-White - Emitter Flow: 0.423 GPH / Emitter Spacing: 15.7 inches

Below Flow Flat - WHITE

Line Spacing (in) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Application Rate (in/hr) 0.519 0.479 0.445 0.415 0.389 0.366 0.346 0.328 0.311

1/4'' of water per hour 29 31 34 36 39 41 43 46 48

BFF-Red - Emitter Flow: 0.423 GPH / Emitter Spacing: 23.6 inches

Below Flow Flat - RED

Line Spacing (in) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


1/4'' of water per hour 43 47 51 54 58 61 65 69 72

BFW-White - Emitter Flow: 0.621 GPH / Emitter Spacing: 19.7 inches

Below Flow Wrap - WHITE

Line Spacing (in) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


1/4'' of water per hour 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41

BFW-Red - Emitter Flow: 0.357 GPH / Emitter Spacing: 23.6 inches

Below Flow Wrap -RED

Line Spacing (in) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20


1/4'' of water per hour 52 56 60 64 69 73 78 82 86


Technical Data

Design Calculations / Scheduling for KISSS Irrigation scheduling with KISSS uses the same methods of calculation as with sprinklers. The KISSS grid system is designed to wet the irrigated area completely by methods similar to those used with sprinklers, supplying water in inches per hour. For efficient water application, it is necessary to apply water rates equal to or less than the rate at which the plants use water (evapotranspiration rate; ET). The ET rate is expressed in inches per unit of time, thus our application rates are expressed in inches per hour. You can refer to http://www.rainmaster.com/historicET to loop up the historical ET for your area that you are designing.

Formula 1.1

( )

( ) ( )

Formula 1.2

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

Formula 1.3

( )

Refer to Page 18 to determine emitter flow rate in KISSS BFF and BFW products

Formula 1.4

( )



Zone Run Time Scheduling

To determine zone run times, obtain the following information:

Monthly evapotranspiration value for the location

Application Rate for KISSS BFF or BFW

Formula 1.5

( )


Formula 1.6

When configuring KISSS irrigation schedules, it is recommended to use multiple pulse run times to replace the amount of moisture depletion from the soil. KISSS recommends at least 3 short pulse times separated by 3 to 4 hours to allow for soak time in the soil. By utilizing moisture probes that measure bulk conductivity in the soil, you can get accurate information as to how much water each zone needs to remain healthy by replenishing the percentage of moisture lost from field capacity. By using this method, we do not factor in evapotranspiration (ET) because it is calculated in the bulk conductivity moisture loss.


Design Considerations on Slopes

KISSS Dripline should be located parallel to the contour of slopes whenever possible. Since dripline runoff occurs on areas with a slope of greater than 3%, consideration must be given to dripline density from the top to the bottom of the slope. The dripline on the top two-thirds of the slope should be placed at the recommended spacing for the soil type and plant material in use. On the lower one-third, the dripline should be spaced 25% wider. The last dripline can be eliminated on slopes exceeding 5%. For areas exceeding ten feet in elevation change, zone the lower one-third of the slope separately from the upper two-thirds to help control drainage.

Elevation Differences When there is an elevation difference of five feet or more on the site that you are designing, it is possible that a separate KISSS zone will be required along with an air release valve or air/vacuum relief valve.


Design Examples / KISSS Details

Details available online at www.kisssusa.com In this guide, there are 13 examples of layouts that may replicate a zone in your layout. You can use this as a guideline when designing KISSS. It is important to note that all Supply Headers and Exhaust Footers must be a minimum of 1¼” diameter. The reason is that the grommet that is installed into the Header or Footer will seat properly on this size pipe. Smaller pipe diameters will not work and fittings will leak.

http://www.kisssusa.com/






Supply Headers & Exhaust Footers

Header and Footer Pipe - positioning depends on the type of fittings used, installation type (KISSS Plow, on grade, trenching, etc.), and application (green roof, sports field, or commercial). KISSS America REQUIRES that all Supply Headers and Exhaust Footers designed are: 1¼” minimum in size. Headers and Footers can be CL200BE PVC, SCH 40 PVC, HDPE or POLYETHYLENE. KISSS Start Connectors - connect KISSS lines to header and footer piping so that the lines may fill with water when the zone valve engages. Start Connectors for KISSS are fittings that are inserted directly into Header or Footer pipe

Drill Hole in PVC Using Drill Bit Install Grommet Install Fitting into Grommet

Install KISSS Start Connectors requires this Drill Bit: (BIT-165)


Standard KISSS Fittings

KISSS Fittings include Ring Lock fittings for Below Flow Flat and Barbed Fittings for Below Flow Wrap. Fittings shown on the next two pages will provide the irrigation designer multiple options to connect KISSS to Supply Header or Exhaust Footer. KISSS America recommends the use of Drilled in Start Connectors.

Straight or Elbow Start Connector - The straight start connector drills into the side of the pipe allowing both the pipe and KISSS lines to sit just below or at the same depth.

Riser Kit Connectors – These connectors allow header and footer piping to sit several inches below the surface. Riser Kits include a Center Feed Option.

Start Connectors – Below Flow Flat

BFF-RL01 KIT BFF-RL02 KIT BFF-RLO4 KIT BFX-003 Riser Kits (See Chart Below)

Part Number Description

BFF-RL01 KIT Elbow Start Connector - Includes Ring-Lock and Grommet

BFF-RL02 KIT Straight Start Connector - Includes Ring-Lock and Grommet

BFF-RLO4 KIT Coupler - Includes (2) Ring-Locks

BFX-003 Coupler Adapter - Ring Lock to Barb (1) Ring-Lock

Riser Fittings BFF-XX-YY-ZZZ

Type PVC Start Connector Type Tube Connector Type Riser Length

BFF YY ZZZ

01 - Straight Conn W/ Grommet 02 - 90 Degree Elbow 020 - 2" Long

02 - Elbow Conn W/ Grommet 03 - Tee 040 - 4" Long

03 - 1/2" MIPT 060 - 6" Long

04 - 3/4" MIPT 080 - 8" Long

100 - 10" Long

120 - 12" Long

XX


Start Connectors – Below Flow Wrap

BFW-IN01 KIT BFW-IN02 KIT BFW-IN04 BFW-IN05 BFW-IN07

Riser Kits - See Chart Below

Part Number Description

BFW-IN01 KIT Elbow Start Connector (Includes Grommet)

BFW-IN02 KIT Straight Start Connector (Includes Grommet)

BFW-IN04 Coupler - Barbed

BFW-IN05 Tee - Barbed

BFW-IN07 Elbow - Barbed

Riser Fittings BFW-XX-YY-ZZZ

Type PVC Start Connector Type Tube Connector Type Riser Length

BFW YY ZZZ

01 - Straight Conn W/ Grommet 02 - 90 Degree Elbow 020 - 2" Long

02 - Elbow Conn W/ Grommet 03 - Tee 040 - 4" Long

03 - 1/2" MIPT 060 - 6" Long

04 - 3/4" MIPT 080 - 8" Long

100 - 10" Long

120 - 12" Long

XX



Air Release Valve (VAC-1-S) Also known a

Automatic Air Valves

Air/Vacuum Relief Valve (VAC-1-K) Also known as

Kinetic Air Relief

Air Release and Air Vacuum Relief Valves

The Air Release Valve and/or Air Vacuum Relief Valve (Air Vents) installed with KISSS installation allows air into the dripline or zone when the system is not operating. Air valves can reduce the chance of water hammer damage caused by a sudden reversal of water flow and allows air to escape during system start-up and prevents air restrictions within the system. In any irrigation system, including KISSS, trapped air bubbles can damage pumps (via cavitation) and disrupt the flow rate and pressure in the system. The two main reasons we suggest installing an air relief valve in an irrigation system are:

1. They provide a means of releasing air from the drip line when the system is turned on and can eliminate any air pockets

2. They allow air to freely enter the system when it is shut down, ensuring a vacuum does not draw debris into the

drip line via the drip emitter outlets. This condition is known as suck back. Suck back can cause the drip line to collapse or draw in dirt and debris that clog the drip emitters.

The differences in Air Release Valves and Air / Vacuum Relief Valves:

Air Release (Automatic Air Valves) - are also known as automatic air valves, small orifice air valves and pressure air valves. These vents continue to discharge air, usually in smaller quantities, after the air vacuum valves close shut as the line is pressurized.

Air/Vacuum Relief Valve (Kinetic) - are also known as kinetic air valves, large orifice air valves, vacuum breakers, low pressure air valves and air relief valves. These air vents discharge large volumes of air before a pipeline is pressurized, especially at pipe filling. They admit large quantities of air when the pipe drains and at the appearance of water column separation.

Where to Place Air Vacuum Relief Valves in a KISSS system Air Release and Air / Vacuum Relief valves in a KISSS system needs to be installed at the highest point in each zone. The highest point in the irrigation zone is ideal for air valves since that is the point where air will want to re-enter KISSS lines through the emitters at the end of irrigation cycles. The designer should check the topography of the zone because multiple air valves may be needed.

Note to Designers: Air Release and Air/Vacuum Relief Valves are only required with KISSS Below Flow Flat systems. KISSS Below Flow Wrap does not need Air Release or Air / Vacuum Relief unless the zone has significant elevation change.


Things to remember when designing and specifying a KISSS Air Release Valves and Air / Vacuum Relief Valve:

Air Valves should always be contained within a valve box (see details on page 24) and remain perfectly vertical within valve boxes.

Contractor shall inspect all air valves prior to installation ensuring they contain a small plastic ball within the main body.

When designing an air valve, all lines must be connected directly to the air vacuum relief valve via a lateral. This can be a blank poly-tube crossing lines or the same effect can be achieved by simply placing it on the header or footer pipe.

All lines can be connected directly by placing the AVRV on a header or footer pipe. Notice all lines are connected via a single lateral. If this is not done, ONLY the line which is connected to the air vacuum relief valve will benefit. Although every small area is on the same valve, they each have their own AVRV’s.


Line Flushing Valves

Purpose of Line Flushing Valves Flush valves exist to allow a KISSS irrigation system to be flushed for maintenance purposes and blown out for winterization. Why System Flushing Necessary While flushing the KISSS system you will create (turbulent flow) within the line where water acts as a scrub brush cleaning small debris from the emitters. Technical Information Regarding System Maintenance Flushing Regular flushing of KISSS is recommended. The system design should be such that a minimum flush rate of 1.5 ft. per second can be obtained in the lines. Valves large enough to allow sufficient velocity of flow should be installed at the ends of mainline, sub-mains and manifolds. Also, allowances for flushing should be made at the ends of lateral lines. Flushing of the drip lateral lines should continue until clean water runs from the flushed line for at least two minutes. A regular maintenance program of inspection and flushing will help significantly in preventing dripper plugging. Installation and Operation of Zone Flushing Valves At least one flush valve must be installed per zone on the FOOTER PIPE ONLY. Installing a flush valve on the header pipe will not work. Otherwise water will leave the header pipe, never actually entering the KISSS lines and properly cleaning them.



Electric Control Valves

The operation of KISSS Below Flow Flat and Wrap requires the use of high-quality irrigation products by other manufacturers. This page will assist the irrigation designers in choosing the KISSS Control Zone Kit or by specifying products individually. Irritrol 700 Series (UltraFlow) Control Valves

Available Sizes: (¾”, 1”, 1½” and 2”) Recommended Flow Range:

- 2 to 180 Operating Pressure

- 10 to 150 psi Solenoid: 24 VAC

- Inrush volt amp: 24 V ac-9.6 VA - Inrush current: .4 amps - Holding volt-amp: 24 V ac-4.8 VA - Holding current: .2 amps

Note: Specifications are from Irritrol 700 Series Spec Sheet Senninger Medium Flow Pressure-Master Regulator Features: • 100% water tested for accuracy • Can be installed above or below ground • Maximum flow path resists plugging • Very low hysteresis and friction loss • Pressures: 6-60 psi • Flows: 2 – 20 gpm • Inlet sizes: 3/4” F NPT, 1” F NPT • Outlet sizes: 3/4” F NPT, 1” F NPT


Senninger High Flow Pressure-Master Regulator Features: • 100% water tested for accuracy • Can be installed above or below ground • Maximum flow path resists plugging • Very low hysteresis and friction loss • Pressures: 10-50 psi • Flows: 10 – 32 gpm • Inlet sizes: 1-1/4” F NPT, 1-1/4” F NPT • Outlet sizes: 1” F NPT, 1-1/4” F NPT

Senninger Pressure-Master Regulator – Extended Flow Features: • 100% water tested for accuracy • Can be installed above or below ground • Maximum flow path resists plugging • Very low hysteresis and friction loss • Pressures: 10-60 psi • Flows: 20 – 100 gpm • Inlet sizes: 3” F Socket • Outlet sizes: 3” F Socket


Plastic Filters

Features – Disc Element Filter • The disc filter consists of body, cover and grooved disc cylinders, stacked on a plastic spine, forming a cylindrical filter element. The discs are compressed together inside the filter housing by a spring located at the bottom of the filter cover to form a dimensional filtration degree • Sediments accumulate on the outer face of the stacked discs, allowing clean water to flow through the st acked discs and out the middle of the filter • The disc elements provide in-depth filtration to retain organic matter • During operation the discs elements are tightly compressed together by pressure and the spring providing high filtration efficiency • Discs have excellent resistance to most common chemicals • Easy maintenance, the discs can be extracted for cleaning • Interchangeable disc and stainless steel screen elements provide a wide range of filtration degrees and options • Constructed of UV-resistant, durable plastic material to withstand the most adverse conditions Features – Screen Element Filter

Low friction loss

Screens have excellent resistance to most common chemicals

Available with Flush Cap or Flush Valve

Color coded replacement screens (40 -200 mesh) PLASTIC FILTERS WITH SCREEN ELEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR USE WITHKISSS SAFETY FLOW PRODUCTS Refer to www.digcorp.com for filter specifications


Other Filter Options

Automatic Filters

Real-time self-cleaning filters: clean themselves automatically when head-loss across the screen reaches a preset value

Uninterrupted water supply: the filter cleans itself in just seconds without interrupting downstream flow

Modular structure: different diameters, suitable for use singly or in manifold configuration providing optimal solutions to meet specific customer requirements

Flexibility of control options: Hydraulically or electronically controlled units.

Wide range of filtration degrees

Semi-Automatic Filters Semi-automatic filter operation is by adding simple turn-of-a-handle cleaning mechanism to the filter's screen. Upgrading a manual filter to semi-automatic operation eliminates the need for turning-off the water and extracting the filter screen for rinsing, with the semi-automatic assembly the process flow is not interrupted during operation.

Examples of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Filters by Amiad Filtration Systems


Fertigation Systems

KISSS uses EZ-FLO Fertigation systems to eliminate exposure to harmful chemicals that may be contained in other fertilizers. EZ-FLO uses fertilizers which are classified as non-hazardous. Fertilizers applied in (trace) amounts. EZ-FLO manufactures units in varying tank sizes. The size of the unit represents the approximate capacity of the holding tank for the concentrated fertilizer and come in the following tank sizes: Standard Capacity:

EZ 001-CX 1.5 gallon (5.7 liters)

EZ 003-CX 2.5 gallon (9.5 liters)

EZ 005-FX 5 gallon (19 liters)

EZ 010-FX 10 gallon (38 liters)

High Capacity:

EZ 010-HC 10 gallon (38 liters)

EZ 017-HC 17.5 gallon (66 liters)

EZ 025-HC 25 gallon (95 liters)


Controllers and Flow Sensors

KISSS Irrigation Systems uses a wide range of Control Systems that will irrigate the Green Roof or Street Median that has no electrical power requiring a battery operated controller to the Multi-Field Sports complex using Two-Wire Technology. SC Series Applications: 24 Stations or 36 Stations Residential/Commercial Controllers Key Features and Benefits

Sensor-controlled mode - saves water and automatically adjusts to weather conditions

Supports up to 24 soil moisture sensors

Sensor sharing allows multiple zones to be controlled by a single sensor

Soil moisture sensor thresholds can be set from 1-99% water content per unit volume

Easy sensor installation using existing valve wiring

Uses conventional valve wiring. (One wire per valve + common)

Watering day schedules include Custom, Every Day, Odd Day, Even Day, and Every Nth Day

watering (where N may range from 2 to 31)

Zone stacking ensures all zones will eventually be watered even if program start times overlap

Programmable valve delay allows slow-closing valves time to turn off completely

Valve test mode rapidly checks the valve current of each zone on the system

Cycle + Soak feature prevents water runoff by watering in short bursts

Define up to 6 pause events

Water up to 4 zones simultaneously

Seasonal water budget for timed zones

Optional flow meter interface available

Configuration information is preserved even if power and batteries fail Call KISSS America @ 1-800-376-7161 for specific questions regarding Acclima controllers or you can visit Acclima’s website: www.acclima.com

http://www.acclima.com/


CS3500 Series Applications: Two Wire Controller 64 Stations Key Features and Benefits

Sensor-controlled mode saves water and automatically adjusts to variable weather patterns

Sophisticated remote management capabilities using Acclima Irrigation Manager™ PC Software

Advanced communications capabilities through serial cable, dial-in modem, Ethernet, Acclima

Access™ voice/cell phone, or radio communications

2-wire system flexibility and ease

Water on Demand efficiently irrigates only when the soil needs water and applies only the amount of

water needed

Flow meter support allows monitoring for broken pipes

Multi-zone watering may be configured to prevent loss of water pressure

Cycle + Soak feature prevents runoff by watering in short bursts

Programmable valve delay allows slow-closing valves time to turn off completely

Valve test mode rapidly checks the valve current of each zone on your system

Walk-around test mode operates each zone for a programmable length of time

Define multiple programs for flexible manual watering

Pause events allow controller operation to be suspended for special occasions

Sophisticated per zone restriction capabilities allow for complex watering schedules

View the system error history

Operational status report

Adaptable to the TRC Commander radio through a separate adapter

Clock settings can be maintained for up to 10 years without external power Call KISSS America @ 1-800-376-7161 for specific questions regarding Acclima controllers or you can visit Acclima’s website: www.acclima.com

http://www.acclima.com/


Digital TDT Moisture Sensor Features and Benefits:

Reads the absolute volumetric water content

Reads soil temperature and soil conductivity

Industry's most accurate and stable soil moisture sensor

Operates accurately in all environmental soil conditions in which crops will grow

Large 100 ml soil sample volume

No maintenance, simple permanent installation

Sturdy construction to ensure long-term reliability in any soil

Moisture readings remain stable as soil salinity and fertilizer content change

Moisture readings remain stable as soil temperature changes

Includes an internal zone switch to facilitate simple, low-cost wiring into a nearby valve box


Total Control Series Controller Applications: 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 24 Stations Residential, Light Commercial, Commercial Outdoor/Indoor Maximum scheduling flexibility in an easy-to-use format makes this innovative controller ideal for a wide range of sophisticated watering requirements. Key Features and Benefits

Four independent programs offer concurrent operation capability

Seven-day calendar, odd/even day or day-interval options

Programmable master valve On/Off per program

Non-volatile memory

Snap-out design


Junior DC Controller Applications: 1and 4 Stations When AC power is a problem, the JUNIOR DC battery-operated controllers are the solution. Key Features and Benefits

Battery-operated provides automatic irrigation in areas without A.C. power

Waterproof (IP68) to survive the occasional flooded valve box.

Valve mount or wall option mount right on the D.C. solenoid or wall mount up to 900’ away

4-station models for temporary power to one valve or permanent power to a system without A.C.

Compatible with wired rain sensor

use Irritrol DCL, DC latching solenoid Electrical Specifications

Use one, 9-volt, Alkaline battery

Output to solenoid is a DC pulse

Use with Irritrol “DCL”, DC, latching solenoids and Irritrol valves

UL/CUL listed


TFS Series Flow Sensors Applications: Effective Flow Monitoring that ranges from 1.2 GPM to 500 GPM Specifications and Features

• Simple impeller-based design • Potted electronics designed for valve box or underground applications • Sensor pre-installed in tee • Removable sensor design for easy replacement without removal of tee • Socket end tee • Output: 2-wire, un-scaled pulse – pulse width 5msec +/- 25% • Frequency: 3.2 to 200 Hz • Pressure Rating:

- 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” (up to 150 psi) - 1 ½”, 2”, 3” and 4”. (up to 100 psi)

Temperature Rating: Up to 140º • Flow Range (Velocity):

- 1/2”, 3/4” and 1: 2’-20’ per second - 1 ½”, 2”, 3” and 4: 0.5’-30’ per second

• Accuracy: - 1/2”, 3/4” and 1”: +/- 3 to 5% - 1 ½”, 2”, 3” and 4”: +/- 1%

• Linearity/repeatability: - 1/2”, 3/4” and 1”: ± 1.5% - 1 ½”, 2”, 3” and 4”: ± 0.3%

• Tee: - 1/2”, 3/4” and 1”: Schedule 40 PVC - 1 ½”, 2”, 3” and 4”: Schedule 80 PVC

• Sensor Housing: Potted, PPS • Impeller:

- 1/2”, 3/4” and 1”: 300SST - 1 ½”, 2”, 3” and 4”: Glass-filled nylon

• Shaft: Tungsten Carbide • Bearing: UHMWPE • Wires: 18AWG direct burial shielded cable


3000 Series Flow Monitor Applications: The Model 3000 flow monitor may be required for Flow Sensors to communicate with specified irrigation controller. It is important for the irrigation designer to verify if this equipment is needed. The flow monitor may be field calibrated by the user. Impeller sensors are calibrated by entering "K" and offset numbers, while other pulse or frequency output sensors may only use a "K" factor. The Model 3000 accepts pulse, sine wave, and 4-20 mA analog input signal. Programming is menu driven. All data is entered using the LCD/keypad interface. A password gate is included to prevent unauthorized access to system parameters. Programming flexibility is extended to units of measure. The Model 3000 provides two pulse outputs to interface with external data collection devices that accept electronic pulses. The resolution of this signal may be programmed via the user interface. All calibration information, units of measure and flow totals are stored in a non-volatile memory that does not require battery back-up for data retention


Product Reference Chart

This chart will aid the irrigation designer if other products are required or preferred by their clients. The information below will indicate what products that is available in the industry which will work with KISSS Below Flow Flat and Below Flow Wrap products:



Terminology / Glossary

Application Rate — the rate at which a subsurface grid applies water to a specific zone, over a given period of time, measured in inches per hour Backflow Prevention — the device, required by law, on an irrigation system that prevents water from re-entering the potable water lines once it flows into the irrigation pipes Controller — the device that sends timing commands to remote control valves for actuation Design Operating Pressure — the pressure a designer uses to determine spacing distances and flow for Dripline. The design operating pressure is determined by subtracting estimated friction losses from the static water pressure Dynamic Pressure — the pressure reading in a pipeline system with water flowing Effluent Water — any substance, particularly a liquid, that enters the environment from a point source. Generally refers to wastewater from a sewage treatment or industrial plant Emitter — a device used to control the rate at which water is applied to a specific area Evapotranspiration — the combined rate at which water evaporates into the atmosphere and/or is consumed by plants Flow — the movement of water through the irrigation piping system FPS — the abbreviation for “feet per second;” refers to the velocity of water in pipes Friction Loss — the loss of pressure (force) as water flows through the piping system GPH — the abbreviation for (gallons per hour) GPM — the abbreviation for (gallons per minute) Greywater — wastewater from washing machines, showers, bathtubs, lavatories and sinks that are not used for disposal of chemical or chemical-biological ingredients I.D. — the abbreviation for (inside diameter) Lateral — the pipe in an irrigation system located downstream from the remote control valve. Lateral pipes carry water directly to a zone Main Line — the pipe in an irrigation system that delivers water from the backflow prevention device to the remote control valves. This is usually the largest pipe on the irrigation system, generally under constant pressure and located upstream from the remote control Manifold — a group of control valves located together in the same area O.D. — the abbreviation for (outside diameter) PSI — the abbreviation for (pounds per square inch) unit of measure for water pressure PVC Pipe — Poly Vinyl Chloride pipe; the most common pipe used in irrigation systems


P.O.C. — abbreviation for (point of connection). This is the location on the irrigation system where a tap is made for connection of a backflow prevention device or water meter Potable Water — water used for drinking purposes Reclaimed Water — domestic wastewater that has been treated to a quality suitable for a beneficial use and is under the direct control of a treatment plant Remote Control Valve — the component in the irrigation system that regulates the on/off of water from the main line to the dripline Service Line — the pipe supplying water from the city water main to the water meter Spacing — the distance between the emitters or the dripline Static Water Pressure — the pressure that exists in a piping system when there is no flow; measured in pounds per square inch (PSI) Subsurface Grid — a group of parallel, inline Dripline that are connected to supply manifolds and flush manifolds Supply Manifold — the pipe connected to the remote control valves that supplies water to the Dripline within a subsurface grid Surge — the build-up of water pressure in a piping system due to certain characteristics of the pipe, valves and flow Velocity — the speed at which water flows through the piping system; measured in feet per second (FPS) Wastewater — water containing waste including grey water, black water or water contaminated by waste contact, including process-generated and contaminated rainfall runoff Water Main — the city water pipe located in the street or right-of-way Water Pressure — the force of water that exists in a piping system; measured in pounds per square inch (PSI). Working Pressure — the remaining pressure in the irrigation system when all friction losses are subtracted from the static pressure. Zone — a subsurface grid or area of dripline that is controlled by the same remote control valve

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