Industrial Adhesives
provenProfessionally...Everyday.
mAdhesives for:
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Ashtand Chemical
Ashland Chemical, Ino, ',.̂ f*Subsidiary of Ashland Oil, Inc. ̂ r -
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PLIOBOND Adrjesives 3
Physical Properties - 4
Theory Adhesion 5
Preparation of Surfaces for Bonding 8
Methods of Application 9
Physical and Adhesion Properties 16
Chemical and Environmental Resistance 22
Uses 24
Summary and History . .. . 26
Cover photoPLIOBOND Adhesive has been used by NASA on the spaceshuttle program in a variety of ways for years. While the basic
. adhesive formulation has beeh available to industry for over 40years, it's constantly being updated, and now qualifies asspace-aged.
Internal photosThe photographs appearingjfhroughout the brochure repre-sent Ashland Chemrcal-pecgiipnel-constantly striving toimprove PLIOBOND adhesF\f4and expand its multiple uses. .Specialized testing for unlcperappllcations, to fit specific clientrequirements, are virtually always underway,"and new ' • ,-'„, —:——r-
, „ - , ,. A. -„.. ~ , ^Majland Chemical, Inc.challenges are enthusiasffoally invited. Snbsidiary of Ashland Oil, Inc.
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PUOBOND INDUSTRIAL ADHESIVESPROVEN PROFESSIONALLY.EVERYDAY.
For seaming, splicing andbonding of gaskets, rubbermatting, belts and hose torubber, wood, metal, plastic,glass and fabrics.
f̂ LIOBOND 20, 30 and 40 are all-purpose, thermosetting adhesiveswhich can be used to bond virtually allporous substrates. When cured,PLIOBOND 20, 30 and 40 adhesivesprovide bonds that toughen with age.Constant flexing, pulsing or vibrationover wide temperature extremes will notaffect these cured bonds. Cured bondsoffer excellent chemical and environ-mental resistance. Dielectric qualities ofPLIOBOND 20, 30 and 40 adhesivesmake them ideal for a wide variety ofelectrical applications.
Since 1945, PLIOBOND 20, 30 and40 have found uses as sealers, primersand water repellents, as well as for theseaming or bonding of gaskets, rubbermatting, belts and hoses, to wood,metal, plastic, glass and fabric.
Two variations to the uniquechemistry used in PLIOBOND 20, 30 and40 adhesive are offered for specificapplications.» PLIOBOND 1000 adhesive is formu-lated for printed circuit boards. Elimina-tion of sulfur from the formula makescorrosion of copper componentsnon-existent.• PLIOBOND HT-30 adhesive is ther-mocuring. Curing chemistry used inPLIOBOND HT-30 adhesive will not curebelow a temperature of SOOT. It offersgood shelf life at normal temperatures.Above 300°F, however, fast cures resultwhich exhibit all the properties of
PLIOBOND 20, 30 and 40 adhesives withthe additional ability to resist elevatedtemperatures.
PLIOBOND adhesives are producedby Ashland Chemical and arepackaged and marketed by theW.J. Ruscoe Company, Akron, Ohio.
Other special formulations availablefrom W.J. Ruscoe Company on specialorder include:* Sprayable PLIOBOND adhesive* Colored versions which include .green, red, blue or black.
The registered trademark ofPLIOBOND adhesive, which appears on
all containers, packages and labels, isyour assurance that you are using theall-purpose adhesive which meets all ofthe performance criteria of ourmanufacturing specifications and thedata outlined in this technical bulletin.
PLIOBOND adhesives are manufac-tured under the most rigid statisticalquality control procedures, whichassure regular delivery of productsmeeting performance requirements ofvarious military, government and othermanufacturers' specifications.
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Typical physical properties ofPUOBOND adhesives
Table 1
BASE POLYMER
BASE RESIN
TOTAL SOLIDS, %
VISCOSITY, CPS
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
POUNDS/GALLON
COLOR
SOLVENT (S)
FLASH POINT,
°F SETA
PLIOB'OND20
PLIOBOND30
PLIOBOND40
PLIOBOND1000
PLIOBONDHT-30
NITRILE RUBBER
THERMOSETTING PHENOLIC •
20
600
0.87
7.2
TAN
MEK
20
30
4,000
0.89
7.4
TAN
MEK
20
40
30,000
0.93
7.7
TAN
MEK
20
20
600
0.87
7.2
TAN
MEK
20
30
4,000
0.89
7.4
TAN
MEK/
ALCOHOL
21
Shelf Life: Six months in closed containers under ambient conditions(rotate stock). D.O.T. label required: flammable liquid.
HandlingPLIOBOND adhesives contain
ingredients which could be harmful ifmishandled. Contact with skin and eyesshould be avoided and necessary pro-tective equipment and clothing shouldbe worn.
For important health, safety andhandling information, consult Ashland'sMaterial Safety Data Sheet for. eachindividual adhesive before use.
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Theory of adhesionusing PLIOBONDadhesives.
How doPLIOBOND adhesiveswork?
Ihe phenomenon of adhesionand the selection of bonding methodsinvolves the following physical factors:1. Strength and flow characteristics of
the adhesive film.a) Tensile, shear and compressive
strengthb) Viscosityc) Elastic propertiesd) Resistance to creep
2. Wetting action and interfacialattraction of the adhesive andsubstrate.
3. The porosity and configuration ofthe adhering surface.
4. Thickness of the adhesive film.For strong bonds, adhesives
should form a thin continuous film. As ageneral rule, with non-poroussubstrates, the thinner the bondline thestronger the bond. With porous sur-faces, thin films are not as easy toachieve nor are they as critical. Forthese surfaces, continuity should bestressed and the film should form anunbroken layer over the projections ofthe surface. Film should maintain its.continuity during application, assem-bling, and through the final hardeningor curing.
Coating thickness depends on theviscosity of the adhesive and on themethod of application. On non-poroussurfaces requiring very thin films, a lowviscosity/low solids adhesive is easiestto use. For porous surfaces, a moreviscous adhesive with higher solidscontent gives thicker films with betterpenetration control.
Occasionally, with adhesives con-taining high solids, a film of uniformthickness is difficult to apply becauseearly evaporation of the solvent maycause stringing. This condition can becorrected by adjusting the evaporationrate. Thick films are sometimes discon-tinuous because of voids left byevaporating solvent. Heat and pressureduring assembly will improve film con-tinuity. The condition of the substratesurfaces (smoothness, cleanliness, andtemperature) affects the physical prop-erties of the film.
An adhesive must wet the surfacesto be bonded, or strong bonds cannotbe formed. Both the viscosity and theinterfacial tension of the adhesive direct-ly influence spreading and coverage.Good wetting on relatively smooth sur-faces is characterized by a low contactangle between the liquid and solid. Ifthe cohesion and surface tension forcesof the adhesive solution are greaterthan the attraction of the surface for theliquid, little wetting occurs, and the con-tact angle is large. Droplets of adhesiveform on the solid surface and result inpoor coverage.
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True bonding, is largely aphenomenon of molecular attraction,i.e., specific adhesion. The film solidsmust possess chemical affinity for thesurface. The concept of bonding com-monly called mechanical adhesion,receives little recognition in modernpractice. Mechanical adhesion picturesthe adhesive as a solution or melt whichflows into the pores and cavities andsubsequently hardens to form inter-locked solid phases.
If this were the principalmechanism of bonding, the roughersurfaces should form stronger bonds—actually, the opposite is true. We cansometimes observe that the adhesiveenters surface openings and wets thewalls of the pores and cavities. To thedegree that interfacial area is increased,the joint strength may be improved, butexcessive roughness usually results ingaps and starved areas in the coating,producing weaker bonds.
The hardening or setting-up of anadhesive may be either a chemical or a
physical process or a combination.Solvent-based adhesives generallyharden by a more or less completeevaporation of a volatile liquid carrier.Or, an adhesive may be melted or fusedbetween joining surfaces and thenallowed to solidify by cooling. These arepurely physical processes.
Chemical hardening processes arethose in which the adhesive cross linksor cures under the influence of heat or acatalyst. The polymerizing adhesivesare generally more complicated to use,requiring mixing of ingredients, orprecisely controlled heat treatment. Forthese adhesives to be effective, the sur-face attraction forces should preferablybe of a strong polar nature and relative-ly unaffected by the polymerization. Thepolymerization will then increase theinternal cohesive strength and result ina strong bond.
Depending on the use, bond failuremay be caused by a number ofmechanical or environmental factors. Anon-elastic adhesive, having a coeffi-cient of expansion differing from that ofthe substrates, will undergo high stresswith temperature change. Thermo-plastic bonds may creep or deformunder stress. Bonds that are subjectedto shock or vibration require adhesiveswith good elastic properties for max-imum impact resistance.
Effects of compoundingPLIOBOND adhesives are solvent-
based thermoplastics, although, as weexplain later, a prolonged heat historyappears to cause some cure, withgreater toughness and improvedresistance to heat and chemicals.
PLIOBOND 20, 30 and 40 areidentical except for the ratio of solventto solids content.
Special complex resin and rubberpolymers are used in PLIOBONDadhesives. Significantly, the rubbercontains nitrile groups which have goodbonding action on metals, textiles, andpolar surfaces. The resin gives thebonds high strength and hardness,while the rubber offers elasticity andgood impact resistance.
For most bonding applications, aliquid adhesive which can be appliedat room temperature is the onlypractical form.
The methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) inPLIOBOND adhesives contributes little ornothing to the final adhesive properties.The solvent only provides the means ofapplying the solids in a thin, uniform
film. Ultimate bond strengths areobtained after the solvent evaporates.Depending on the method of bonding,solvent removal is accomplished by oneor more of the following mechanisms:1. Evaporation during pre-bond
drying.2. Slow diffusion to the edges of
non-porous bonds.3. Diffusion through the capillaries and
interstices of porous materials.While a coating of PLIOBOND
adhesive is drying, the viscosity pro-gressively increases and the film ac-quires the property of tack (a state ofadhesion and plastic deformability).Ideally, in wet bonding, the substratesshould be joined when the tack isalmost gone. PLIOBOND adhesives canbe dried to a hard tack-free state, and alight application of MEK or other solvent(reactivation bonding) will restore tackfor easy assembly. In these methods, aslight amount of solvent remains afterthe surfaces are joined, and the jointstake longer to reach top strength.Evaporation of the solvent can be com-
. pleted at 150°F in an oven or by otherheating methods without thermalsoftening of the adhesive.
Effects of heatBecause of their thermoplastic
properties, PLIOBOND adhesives can beused in hot bonding applications. Afterpre-drying, which removes all solventfrom the adhesive coating, the sub-strates are joined or clamped togetherand heated to 300° - 350°F. The films
.fuse together and solidify when cooled.In effect, the tack is produced byheating.
Ultimate strength is appreciablygreater in hot-bonded assembly. Thefilm solids possess a measure ofresidual reactivity which is acceleratedby high bonding temperatures. Con-siderable cross-linking is evident fromgains in solvent and chemicalresistance. The degree of cure dependson the time-temperature history of thePLIOBOND adhesives bond, but in
general, aging properties are notperceptibly different for cold or hotbonding.
With hot bonding, the maximumobserved values of tensile and shearstrength of assemblies bonded withPLIOBOND adhesives range from1500-1850 ps'i: While such values areobtained under nearly ideal bondingconditions, nevertheless, manyPLIOBOND adhesives applications underless ideal conditions produce bondswhich are stronger than the substrate.
Effects of pressureWith very few exceptions, all
bonding methods and all types ofsubstrates require some degree ofcompression on the bondline while thePLIOBOND adhesive is drying.Pressure helps:• Achieve a thin bondline.• Maintain uniform contact while air
and solvent vapor are displaced.• Prevent slipping and misalignment
of the substrates before thebond cures.
Ideally, no pressure Would beneeded if the surfaces made uniformcontact and held position during thebonding. In practice, the nearest ap-proach to such conditions is by perfectmatching of surfaces, application ofadhesive in thin films, and assemblyafter complete evaporation of solvent,i.e., hot bonding. However, the care andprecision required to circumvent theuse of pressure is usually not justified.
In bonding films, textiles, papersand foils with a sealing iron, pressureis applied for only a few seconds.Horizontal bonds with many substrateswill develop good bond strength if theyare simply rolled or weighted.
The strength and compressibility ofthe substrates place limitations on theallowable pressures. For example, rub-ber components may be bonded withabout 25 psi, while metal to plywoodbonds may take 300 psi. For all ma-terials, the useful pressure range forPLIOBOND adhesives is from 5 to500 psi.
Since easily compressed sub-stances tolerate only minimum pres-sures, the surfaces should be bondedwith sufficient force to squeeze thebondline but should be short of deform-ing the substrates, even though thematerials are capable of assuming theirnormal dimensions when the compres-
sing force is released. If pressuredisturbs dimensional stability, stressesset up in the bondline upon release ofthe pressure may cause a weakened
' assembly. In bonding rigid materials,the chief controlling factor is the plastici-ty of the adhesive layer. Assembliesmade by the wet bonding methodrequire less pressure than with drybonding since PLIOBOND adhesive hasbetter flow properties than the thermallysoftened film.
Although bondlines are desirablefor impervious surfaces, bondingpressure should not displace excessiveamounts of adhesive from the bond.Porous materials and substrates withirregular surfaces may develop thinspots or gaps in the coating if pressureis too high. A few trials at differentpressures will quickly establish theoptimum pressure for such surfaces.For weak or deformable materials, testswill determine the correct balance ofbond strength and material strength.
Effect of PLIOBOND9000 Activator
PLIOBOND 9000 activator is achemical additive which may be usedto accelerate the cure rate of PLIOBOND20, 30 and 40 adhesive. At a level of32-50 grams per gallon of adhesive,the pot life of the system is approximate-ly 6-8 hours. PLIOBOND 9000 activator isuseful when effecting a chemical cureof PLIOBOND 20, 30 or 40 adhesive ver-sus a heat-type cure. This acceleratedadhesive system can be used to pre-cure the adhesive before heat curing abond. Parts may be bonded at roomtemperature and then heat cured after24 hours with little to no pressure.PLIOBOND 9000 activator may also beused to achieve accelerated heat curesat lower temperatures for shorter curetimes (exact reduced time and tempera-ture depend upon part configuration).
I
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Surface preparation
Surface preparationfor bonding withPLIOBOND adhesives.
lor best results, PLIOBONDadhesives should be applied to clean,dry surfaces. Satisfactory wetting andspreading of the adhesive is possibleonly on surfaces free of foreign matter.Dirty areas prevent the application of auniform coating, and cause unevendisplacement of the film when pressureis applied. Methods of producingthoroughly clean surfaces for bondinginclude:1. Sanding2. Sandblasting3. Buffing4. Alkali degreasing5. Vapor degreasing6. Solvent degreasing7. Solvent wiping
Rinsing with water and drying in anairblast or oven should supplement anycleaning technique which leavesresidue or loose particles.
Sanding, sandblasting and buffingremove oxide, scale and rust frommetallic surfaces. These mechanicalcleaning methods on metals should befollowed by chemical or solvent treat-ment. Alkali degreasing, hot waterrinsing and airblast or oven dryingmay be used to complete thecleaning operation.
Sanding is widely used to cleanand prepare wood, plastic, leather,plaster, cement, stone, rubber,wallboard and insulation products for
bonding. Sanding cleans somesubstrates by removing surface dirt.Sanding smooths harder surfaces andcleans softer surfaces. Since the MEK inPLIOBOND adhesives may soften or liftpaints and enamels, these coatingsshould be removed before bonding.Baked enamel finishes generally havegood solvent resistance and makegood surfaces for joining withPLIOBOND adhesives.
Alkali degreasing (solution at140° - 150°F) is recommended forremoving dirt, oil and grease. Stainless,cold and hot rolled steels, copper, lead,most aluminum and magnesium alloys,ceramics, glass and a number ofplastics can be cleaned by alkalidegreasing. A wetting agent in the alkalisolution improves the cleaning action.The degreasing should always befollowed by a hot water (150° - 212°F)rinse. Before applying PLIOBONDadhesive, surfaces should be dried by ahot airblast or in an oven.
Pure aluminum or magnesiumshould not be degreased with an un-buffered alkali because these surfaceswill become etched. Solvents anddetergents effectively clean most sur-faces of oil and grease. Vapor degreas-ing or solvent washing and wiping
ing or solvent washing and wipingmethods can be used satisfactorily onthe light metals.
A convenient means of determiningwhen thorough cleansing has been ac-complished is to flow water over the ver-tically held surface. If the water runs offin a continuous film, cleaning iscomplete.
Fabrics and paper usually requireno preparation before applyingPLIOBOND adhesive. Rubber is generallycleaned by buffing lightly. Then ifcleanliness is still questionable, solventwiping can be used. For some applica-tions, mild chlorination of the rubbermay prove advantageous. Dip the sur-face in a liquid chlorine bleach andwater solution for approximately 10minutes, rinse with clear water and dry.Adhesive should be applied to ceramic,glass and similar materials when theparts have been oven dried and are stillwarm. This eliminates surface moistureweakening the bond.
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Methods of application
PLIOBOND adhesives may beapplied by brushing, spray-ing, roller coating, knifecoating or by dipping.
BrushingA uniform application of PLIOBOND
20 or 30 adhesive can be made with astiff bristle brush.
SprayingA sprayable PLIOBOND adhesive for-
mulation is available from W.J. RuscoeCompany on special order-this is not astandard product.
Roller coatingPLIOBOND 20 adhesive can be
applied with roller coating equipment,as long as the rollers are not affected byMEK. Ceramic rollers are recommend-ed. Roller coating applications aremore economical than sprayingbecause there is no overspraying.Where production rates are reasonablyhigh and cycles are short, PLIOBOND 20adhesive can be used straight from thecontainer. With low production ratesand longer cycles, or where PLIOBOND20 adhesive thickens on the rollersbecause of evaporation of solvent, asmall amount of MEK brings the .adhesive back to the correct viscosity.
Knife coatingKnife coating applications of
PLIOBOND adhesives are fast and arecommonly used for high-speed flat sur-face production applications.
DippingFor dip coating, PLIOBOND 20
adhesive may be modified with MIBK inthe amount needed to control coatingthickness and drying properties.
Special techniquesPLIOBOND adhesives can also be
applied by metering a controlled beadof adhesive from a small orifice to thepart or by using an adhesive saturatedpad in a "kiss" transfer technique.
Notes on applicationand assembly
The generally recommendedmethod of application is to applycoatings of equal thickness on eachsurface, but satisfactory bonds may bemade by coating only one surface;Some substrates, including someplastics, may be softened or dissolvedby MEK. For joining these materials tonon-soluble surfaces, a heavy coatingof PLIOBOND on the non-plastic surface,
and a light coating (or no coating) onthe soluble plastic is recommended.Total weight of PLIOBOND adhesiveshould be about the same, regardlessof how it is distributed between sur-faces. Most plastic films are more con-venient to join and make good bondswith a coating.
Level surfaces on solids or closelymatched non-porous substrates makestrong bonds with bondlines as thin as.001 "to .002".
When assembling in areas of highhumidity, and particularly fluctuatingtemperatures, dense materials such asmetals, ceramics and glass may havean invisible film of moisture on their sur-faces. If PLIOBOND adhesive is applied
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over a surface in this condition, un-• satisfactory bonding will result. Underhumid conditions, dense surfacesshould be pre-heated to eliminate themoisture film just before applying theadhesive.
"Blushing" may occur during highhumidity levels because of the coolingeffect of solvent evaporation and thecondensation of moisture on thecoating. Pre-heating for a short timebefore assembling the bond willevaporate the moisture from thebonding surface.
For elevated temperature service,improved heat resistance is gained fromprolonged heating after curing.
Adhesive coverage ratesThe area that a unit volume of
PLIOBOND adhesive will cover depends on:a. Type of substrate • .b. Porosity of the substratec. Condition of the substrate surfaced. Surface tension of the adhesivee. Viscosityf. Wettability of the substrate surfaceg. Flow properties of the adhesiveh. Thickness of the bondline
If the substrates are metals, orother non-porous surfaces, only a thinbondline is needed and coverage canrange from 130 to 330 square feet pergallon. If the bond involves fabrics orother porous surfaces, coverage islower-nominally 100 to 130 square feetper gallon-because a thicker bondlineis required. Data on coverage andadhesive recommendations can beobtained from your PLIOBOND adhesivessales representative.
Pre-bond drying ofPLIOBOND adhesive films
The drying of films for wet bondingconsists of evaporating solvent to creategood tack. Three to five minutes at roomtemperature (77°F) is usually adequate.Pre-bond drying for dry bonding
In order to obtain maximum bondstrength, solvent must be removed from
non-porous substrates which havebeen coated with PLIOBOND adhesives.
Dry bonding is superior to othermethods for impervious surfaces.Before making the bond, the filmsshould be dried on a time-temperatureschedule (Figure 1). This procedureshould be followed for all of the drybonding methods and, to a limitedextent, for reactivation bonding.
Pfe-Bond Drying of PLIOBOND 20 Adhesiveon Non-Porous Surfaces
A—Normal MinimumB—Normal Maximum
90 120 150 180 210Temperature (°F)
Figure 1
240 270 300
Table 2 Coverage of PLIOBOND 20 Adhesive 1/16" LaminatedHigh Pressure Plastic Bonded to Various Materials
Tempered MasoniteBirch PlywoodFir Plywood
PLIOBOND 20, wetspread per 1000sq. ft. bondline*
6.2 gals.7.5 gals5.4 gals
PSI
646853425
Dry Shear% WoodFailure
100 .10
100
*Based on dividing the coating weight equallybetween two contact surfaces.
Methods of BondingThe bonding of substrates coated
with PLIOBOND adhesives can beaccomplished by:Wet bonding techniques• Wet bonding• Reactivation bondingDry bonding techniques• Hot press bonding• Oven bonding• Strip heater bonding« Sealing iron bonding• Pre-heat and cold press bonding
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Wet bonding techniquesWet bonding is the easiest method.
It can be used for most surfaces. Thetechnique includes these simple steps:1. Apply an even coat of PLIOBOND
adhesive to both substrates.2. Allow the adhesive to dry (usually 3
to 5 minutes) until maximum tackhas developed.
3. Apply pressure by clamping, rolling,weighting, binding or pressing.Pressure should be adjusted to suit
the particular substrates and main-tained for 15 minutes to overnight. Withweak materials, pressure should bemaintained long enough for theadhesive to cohere and hold theassembly, or to reach a point where thebond is stronger than the substrate.With dense substrates, the longer thepressure phase, the stronger the bond.
Development of bond strengthparallels the rate of evaporation of thesolvent. Maximum strength is achievedwhen all the solvent is eliminated. Withporous materials, bonds as strong asthe components are achieved at roomtemperature in one to 48 hours.Substrates of limited porosity mayrequire seven to 10 days at roomtemperature for complete solventremoval. Early maximum strength canbe obtained by heating the assemblyovernight at 110° - 150°F.
Although wet bonding is the easiestand quickest assembly method, othertechniques have-specific advantages.
Reactivation bondingReactivation bonding is recom-
mended where:• Bonding porous to non-porous
substrates.• A cold bond is desirable with a
minimum of solvent.• A short assembly cycle is necessary
with a cold bond.Reactivation bonding procedure
includes four steps:1. Apply PLIOBOND adhesive to one or
both surfaces.2, Allow the adhesive to dry thoroughly.
(Figure 1).
3. Wipe the surface of the densercomponent lightly with MEK. Applyjust enough solvent to produce thetack needed for assembling.
4, Join the parts immediately andapply pressure.Where a longer assembly time is
required, use a solvent with a higherboiling point to wipe the bond area.With reactivation bonding, bondstrength develops more rapidly thanwith wet bonding.
Dry bonding techniquesHot press bonding
Hot press bonding is a typicalassembly-line technique. Steps areas follows:1. Assemble the pre-dried parts.2. Place the adhesive coating part
in a hot press for a time andtemperature following aschedule from Figure 2.
3. Cool the press.4. Discharge the assembly.
120
Hot Press Bonding Schedule
A—Normal Minimum
B—Normal Maximum
220 250
Temperature (°F)Figure 2
B
300
Adjust the pressure to fit the type ofsubstrate and maintain for 15 minutes toovernight (shorter times for weakermaterials). Bond strength developsquickly with one porous substance inthe assembly, and top strength is usual-ly reached in less than 48 hours. Withnon-porous materials, seven daysmay be needed to attain maximumstrength. Pressure can be releasedand the assembly heated overnight at100° - 150°Fto develop full bondstrength in a shorter time.
A hot press schedule dependson the physical properties of thesubstrates, the thickness of theassembly and the heat capacity of thesubstrates. The strongest bonds will beobtained with longer press times,higher temperatures and greaterpressures. High strength metal-to-metaladhesions ordinarily require fiveminutes at 300°F and 200 psi.
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Oven bondingOven bonding is an alternate
technique for mass production items.The procedure includes four steps:1. Assemble the adhesive coated and
dried parts.2. Put the assembly under pressure
suitable for the materials beingbonded.
3. Place in an oven and heat until thebondline reaches oven temperature.
4. Cool and release pressure.Choose a time and temperature
schedule from Figure 2, based on theheat capacity of the materials and thesize of the assembly.Strip heater bonding
Strip heater bonding is used forspecialized applications and is gener-ally employed where hot press andoven bonding are impractical. Thetechnique includes five steps:1. Assemble the pre-dried and
adhesive coated parts.2. Install electric strip heaters to cover
the bonded area.3. Apply pressure.4. Heat the assembly (usually 11/2 to 2
minutes) until the bondline reaches300°-350°F.
5. Discontinue heaters and cool theassembly under pressure for about15 minutes. Pressure may bereleased while the bond is still hot,but the strongest bond is obtainedby cooling before relieving thepressure.
Sealing iron bondingSealing iron bonding is used where
one or both of the substrates permitsquick penetration of heat, such as -plastic films, papers or textiles.1, Assemble the parts, one or both of
which has been coated withadhesive and dried.
2. Apply the sealing iron to the bond.Heat should be applied only longenough to fuse the PLIOBONDadhesive. Times will vary with thephysical characteristics of thematerials in the bond.
Pre-heat and cold press bondingThese techniques are practical
where at least one of the componentswill retain heat during the time requiredto assemble the parts. The procedureincludes these steps:1. Coat parts with adhesive.2. Heat one or both parts.3. Assemble and apply pressure in a
cold' press.4. Maintain pressure until the bond
is cool.5. Remove assembly from press.
Bonding specialtymaterials withPLIOBOND adhesives.Ceramics1. Degrease surface, if necessary, with
alkali, solvent wash, and wipingor vapor degreasing.
2. Rinse with 150° - 212°F water.3. Test with water film for clean
condition.4. Dry in oven or hot air stream.5. Apply PLIOBOND 20* adhesive while
surfaces are warm by brushing,spraying, dipping or roll coating.
6. Dry per Figure 1.7. Join coated surfaces by hot
bonding, reactivation bonding orwet bonding.
8. Cool assembly before releasingpressure.
'PLIOBOND 30 adhesive may be used on porousceramics.
Concrete1. Clean surface, as required, with
alkali, solvent wash, wiping or vapordegreasing.
2. Rinse with 150° - 212°F water.3. Test with water film for clean
condition.4. Dry in an oven or hot air stream.5. Apply PLIOBOND 20* adhesive while
surfaces are warm by brushing,spraying or roll coating.
6. Dry per Figure 1.7. Join coated surfaces by wet
bonding or reactivation bonding.*PLIOBOND 30 adhesive may be used on porousconcrete.
Fabrics1. Apply PLIOBOND 30 adhesive by
brushing, roll coating or knifecoating.
2. Dry per Figure 1.3. Join coated surfaces by wet
bonding, reactivation bonding orsealing iron bonding.
Note: The wide range of synthetic fiber and fibercombinations used in textiles, plus the specialcoatings on these goods make it difficult to bondmany fabrics uniformly. Test Before Use!
Leather [1], [2]1. Roughen the surface with abrasive. [3]2. Apply PLIOBOND 30 adhesive by
brushing, roll coating or knifecoating.
3. Dry per Figure 1.4. Join coated surfaces by wet
bonding, reactivation bonding orsealing iron.
[1] Peel tests for #1 prime sole leather bonding toitself gave values of 30-35 Ibs./in.
[2] Highly oiled leathers are not suitable foradhesive bonding.
[3] Not required with suedes or naturally roughleathers.
Metal [1]1. Oxide, scale or rust must be
removed by sanding, sandblasting,wire brushing or buffing.
2. Degrease surface if necessary, withalkali or solvent washing, wiping, orvapor degreasing.**
3. Rinse with 150° - 212°F water.4. Test with water film for clean
condition.5. Dry in an oven or hot air stream.6. Apply PLIOBOND 20 adhesive while
surfaces are warm by brushing,spraying or roll coating.
7. Dry per Figure 1.8. Join coated surfaces by hot
bonding, reactivation bonding orwet bonding. (Small assemblies, likename plates.)
9. Cool assembly before releasingpressure.
[1] Test data is given in Figures 8, 9, 10.** Unalloyed aluminum and magnesium, should
be cleaned with buffered alkali degreasersto protect the surfaces from etching.
SHEAR AND PEEL TESTS ON MATERIALS BONDED WITH PLIOBOND ADHESIVES
SHEAR TESTFabric Bonds
Cotton to Cotton Nylon to NylonFigure 3
"T3
UJa:
UJaiD-
PEEL TESTLightweight Fabrics
14
12
10 —
— PLIOBONDSEAM
PLIOBOND SEAM -1. Original samples2. Immersed 48 hours in water.
_3. immersed 30 minutes in gasoline^4. Immersed 30 minutes in
trichloroethylene
Figure 4
SHEAR TEST0.008" Stainless Steel Bonded to'/4"3 Ply Exterior Grade Fir
400
300
LUDC1—C/)
< 200LU
100
I Dry-+ Wet, following 48rhoursoak—-Figures = % of wood failures '
0 1 2 3 4 5PLIOBOND 20 Adhesive Wet Spread per 1000 ft.2 of Glueline —
1/2 spread on each surface (gallons)
Figure 5
SHEAR TEST0.025" Alclad 24ST Bonded to %" 3-PIy Exterior Grade Birch
1000
900
800
• Dry-+ Wet, following 48-hour soak-
Figures =, % of wood failuresI
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16PLIOBOND 20 Adhesive Wet Spread per 1000 ft.2 of Glueline —
1/2 spread on each surface (gallons)
Figure 6
i
SECTIONS
Paper [1]1. Apply PLIOBOND 30 adhesive [2] by
brushing, spraying, roll coating orknife coating.
2. Dry per Figure 1.3. Join coated surfaces by wet bond-
ing, reactivation bonding orsealing iron bonding.
[1] Oiled papers cannot be adhesive-bonded.[2] Use PLIOBOND 20 adhesive on dense,
hard-surfaced papers.
Non-porous natural or syntheticmaterials, flexible1. Apply PLIOBOND 20 adhesive by
spraying* brushing or roll coating.2, Dry per Figure 1.3. Join coated surfaces by wet
bonding, reactivation bonding orhot press bonding.**
4, Cool assembly before releasingpressure.
"Light spray application preferred."Use is limited by the physical properties of the
flexible material.
Porous natural or syntheticmaterials, flexible1. Apply PLIOBOND 30* adhesive by
brushing, roll coating or knifecoating.
*For joining to other materials, apply PLIOBOND 30adhesive to the denser surface only.
2. Dry per Figure 1.3. Join coated surfaces by wet
bonding or reactivation bonding.
GlassFollow instructions given for bond-
ing ceramics.
Non-porous insulationproducts, rigid1. Apply PLIOBOND 20 adhesive by
brushing, spraying or roll coating.2. Dry per Figure 1.3. Join coated surfaces by wet bond-
ing, reactivation bonding orhot bonding.
4. Cool assembly before releasingpressure.
Porous InsulationProducts, non-rigid1. Apply PLIOBOND 30* adhesive by
brushing, roll coating or knifecoating.
2. Dry per Figure 1.3. Join PLIOBOND coated surfaces by
wet bonding or reactivationbonding.
*For joining to other materials, apply PLIOBOND 30adhesive to the denser surface only.
Note: The wide range of new types of insulationmake uniform bonding difficult. Test Before Use!
PlasterFor bonding to plaster, follow
directions under concrete.
Plastic1. Most plastics require no treatment
prior to coating with PLIOBONDadhesive. If the substrate surfacesare well matched, plastic adhesionsdevelop high strength.
2. Apply PLIOBOND 20 or 30 adhesiveby spraying, brushing, roll coating,knife coating or by dipping.
3. Dry per Figure 1.4. Join coated surfaces by wet
bonding, hot bonding, reactivationbonding or sealing iron bonding(film or thin gauge sheet).
Rubber [1]1. Roughen the rubber surface. When
necessary, clean surface withsolvent. [2]
2. Apply PLIOBOND 20 or 30 adhesiveby spraying, brushing or rollcoating.
[1] Test data is given in Figures 8, 9.[2] For surface treatment by mild chlorination,
clean surface with solvent, immerse 10 minutesin liquid chlorine bleach and water solution,rinse and dry. This process improvesadhesion of rubber surfaces.
Q-o
_3-a01
1O)c'om
30
25
20
15
5
n
SHEAR TESTSCold Rolled Steel
"Ks?'C,»2
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PEEL TEST
30
25
20
w 15
10LLJtr
UJLLJO.
~ n ( ~T~'i , x i , j i—.Rubber to .025"_ Cold-Rolled Steel—Hot Bond Method
__ 5 Minutes at 300°F and 25 psi Ibs./in.
, Point of SeparationM—Usually MetalR—-Usually Rubber
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900Figure 7 SHEAR STRENGTH (psi)
Figure 8
SECTIONS
3. Dry per Figure 1.4. Join coated surfaces by wet
bonding, hot bonding, reactivationbonding or sealing iron bonding(film or thin gauge sheet).
StoneFor bonding to stone, follow direc-
tions under concrete.
WallboardFor bonding to wallboard, follow
directions under insulation products.
Wood1. Sand smooth. Remove wax, oil or
grease with solvent.2. Apply PLIOBOND 20 [1] adhesive by
brushing, spraying, roll coating,knife coating or dipping.
3. Dry per Figure 1.4. Join PLIOBOND coated surfaces by
wet bonding, reactivation bondingor hot bonding (not normally usedfor wood-to-wood bonding).
[1] For end grain and porous woods, usePLIOBOND 30 adhesive.
A wholly satisfactory test has notyet been devised for determining theeffectiveness of bonds of thin woodveneers to sheet metal. However, whenthin veneer (walnut, mahogany,birch, avodire, etc.) is bonded to sheetaluminum, using a hot press time of fiveminutes at 300°F and 200 psi, theassembly will withstand a 48-hour coldsoak test and will not delaminate orblister in hot water at 150°F for immer-sions of up to one hour.
PEEL TEST PEEL TESTFir Plywood
25
20
« 15
§ 10LUtr
5 5LU
Rubber Bonded to Lucite or PlexiglasPoint of Separation L—Lucite of Plexiglas R—Rubber.
Figure 9 Wood Failure (%) 78 95 100 95Figure 10
66 34
SECTIONS
Typical physicaland adhesion propertiesof PLIOBOND
FlexibilityThe thermosetting nitrile rubber
phenolic resin blend used in PLIOBONDadhesives are offered at a variety ofsolid/solvent ratios and viscosity ranges.This blend of rubber/resin createsbonds exhibiting good resistance tomechanical shock because of theirblend of strength and flexibility. Theseproperties can be maintained over longperiods. Bonds actually becomestronger with aging. These propertiesare maintained over a wide servicetemperature range with -0°Ftemperatures causing no measurableembrittlement. Bonding of non-rigidsubstrates that undergo dimensionalchanges in use is excellent.
ColorThe initial light tan color of
PLIOBOND adhesives darkens to amedium tan with age. Extreme heatduring curing will create a brown bond.
TackThe development of tack in a
PLIOBOND adhesive application is a con-trollable property. Tack is produced bypartial evaporation of solvent from thefilm. In wet bonding, surfaces areusually joined when the maximum tacklevel is reached. Tack is usually an aid inassembly, but is not a requisite. In drybonding, the bond is assembled withsolvent-free films which possess no tackuntil heated.
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Figure 11 Figure 12
SolventSolvent offers an intermediate
application range. The drying times ofPLIOBOND adhesive on specificsubstrates do not differ greatly under agiven set of conditions. (Film thicknesswill usually be in inverse ratio to solventcontent.) Drying time can be adjustedby using solvents of different evapora-tion rates. In addition to the solventsdescribed in Figures 11 and 12, othersmay be used.
Some users prefer to buy only oneconcentration of PLIOBOND adhesiveand reduce the concentration to fit theirneeds. Effects of diluting PLIOBONDadhesives with solvents other thanmethyl ethyl ketone are as follows:
Acetone lowers the viscosity slight-ly, and the adhesive dries faster to thetack stage.
Methyl isobutyl ketone produces anadhesive with higher viscosity andlonger drying time.
Ethyl acetate lowers the viscosityslightly without materially affecting otherproperties.
OdorIn the container and during the
early drying states of the film PLIOBONDadhesive has a characteristic pungentodor of methyl ethyl ketone. It contains asmall amount of deodorant, and in thelatter stages of drying, has a mild,pleasant odor.
ToxicityPLIOBOND adhesive contains
ingredients which could be harmful ifmishandled. Contact with skin and eyesshould be avoided and necessaryprotective equipment and clothingshould be worn. For important health,safety and handling information,consult Ashland's Material SafetyData Sheet before using this •product.
Shelf LifePLIOBOND adhesive has excellent
shelf life. Full bonding properties areretained over long periods. On extend-ed storage, slight settling may occur.However, mild agitation returns theadhesive to its original appearance andviscosity. The agitated material exhibitsall normal adhesive qualities anddevelops representative bondstrengths. It is suggested that all storedPLIOBOND adhesives be agitated beforeuse to maximize uniform results inproduction.
PLIOBOND adhesiveas a sealer, primer andwater repellent
PLIOBOND adhesives are an effec-tive water repellent on wood, masonry,metal and fabrics. The followingapplications make use of the flexibilityand durability of the adhesive.
A spray coating of PLIOBONDadhesive seals porous surfaces andmakes them air-and gastight.PLIOBOND adhesives are an excellentprimer for vinyl coatings. Without it thevinyl coating would peel.
PLIOBOND adhesive can seal plastersurfaces, prevent passage of airthrough walls and minimize dirt streak-ing and marking. The adhesive addsmechanical strength and preventsgrowth of cracks and deteriorationcaused by excessive moisture.
PLIOBOND adhesives anchor non-slip materials to floors, stair treads, fireescapes, ramps, ladders and catwalks.Nonslip surfaces are made by sprin-kling granular materials on wetPLIOBOND adhesives. A variety ofsubstances are used, ranging from car-borundum to rubber and cork. A non-slip deck can be achieved by cemen-ting canvas to wood or metal. The life ofthe nonskid is increased by a top coatof PLIOBOND .
PLIOBOND adhesive weatherproofsand seals awnings, tarpaulins, tents,convertible tops, pack sacks and porchand deck furniture.
A finish coating of PLIOBONDadhesive protects the above-water sur-faces of work boats, such as fishingvessels, tugs, barges, fire boats,dredges and cargo carriers.
a
SECTIONS
Table 3 Typical Adhesion Properties of PLIOBOND HT-30 AdhesiveA. Lap Shear Adhesion (ASTM D-1002)—Cured at SOOT, 500 psi for 30 min.
Substrate
Cold Rolled SteelGalvanized IronCopperAluminum ^MagnesiumBlack IronFiberglass-Polyester Lamipate
Lap Shear, psi
1,4501,300
7501,300
6001,0001,300
B. 180° Peel At Room Temperature—Material Bonded To Cold Rolled Steel
Material, Ib.
SBR/Reclaim Compound 17.5SBR/Natural Rubber 17.0SBR 14.5Vinyl-Nitrile Rubber 7.5Nitrile Rubber 28.0NeopreneWHV 23.5Hypalon 14.0Butyl Rubber 9.0Vinyl Sheet 8.5
Nylon Fabric 5.5Cotton Duck 25.0
Test Result
Rubber tore.Rubber tore.Adhesive pulled away from rubber.Adhesive pulled free from metai.Rubber tore.Rubber tore.Small segments of elastomer tore.Adhesive pulled free from both metal and rubber.In general, the adhesive pulled free from the metal,but small segments of adhesive and plastic remainedin the metal.The adhesive film pulled away from the metal.The adhesive film pulled away from the metal.
Table 4 Shear Resistance of PLIOBOND HT-30 Adhesive
SECTION 6
Temperature, °F
Room Temperature112122195254300400500*
No. of Pieces
6
6
5
45
3
3
3
Shear Resistance, psi
1,4501,007
7082882281016764
, *MMe(fal chars^someyvhat at a point below 500°Fi ,
• -1400 54
% ( 'W^> "1
-1200-
\-"
-400 —
r— - 1in ^~oj to1- DJ
~]—~oo • >
Figure 13
Electrical insulatingproperties of PLIOBOND
Since PLIOBOND adhesives arecomposed primarily of non-conductingpolymers, the dry films possess goodinsulating properties. In addition to thenon-conducting characteristics, theother properties of strength, easyapplication, toughness and chipresistance are useful for assemblingelectrical appliances and equipment.
Dielectric propertiesPLIOBOND adhesives can be used
to insulate coils and transformer wind-ings, particularly at radio frequencies.
Figures 14 and 15 give data onadhesive performance, tested in alter-nating current fields at differentfrequencies.
PLIOBOND adhesives are particular-ly good as a coil dope when used inthin layers. Thin films are not only prac-tical because of the high tenacity andoutstanding durability of adhesive, butthey also improve the power factor. Mostcoil dopes have either high internalheating or low adhesive and cohesivestrengths. The latter fault creates inade-quate mechanical safeguards againstshock, displacement of the windings orprotection against aging. The high filmstrength of PLIOBOND adhesive gives ex-cellent protection to the coil in com-parison with the shortcomings of manyother dopes.
The dielectric constant of PLIOBONDadhesive is nominal at low frequenciesand excellent at the higher radiofrequencies.
Coils doped with PLIOBONDadhesive can be overcoated withmicrocrystalline or ceresin waxeswithout crazing or softening. Inasmuchas the adhesive is softened by polarsolvents, the films should be thoroughlydried to attain best results. PLIOBONDadhesive films withstand heating at300°F for considerable periods of time.During the first 30 minutes of heating, aprogressive improvement in dielectriccharacteristics occurs. Because heatingcauses the adhesive to become tacky,
Table 5 Resistivity of PLIOBOND Adhesives(Direct Current Measurements) ASTM D-257
Conditioning of Films
Oven dried 96 hours at35°C and 0% relativehumidity.
Immersed 96 hours intap water, dried, andtested at 35 °C.
Surface Resistivity
468x1010 ohms-cm
47.6x1 01° ohms-cm
Volume Resistivity
553x101° ohms-cm
15.8x1010 ohms-cm
Table 6 Dielectric Strength of PLIOBOND Adhesives(Alternating Current Measurements) ASTM D-149
Method
Short time
Step by step
No. of Tests
20
3
Average Dielectric Strength
503 volts per mil
515 volts per mil
3 6_o« 5_2b
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Frequency (cycles per second)Figure 14
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Figure 15
SECTIONS
the hot coatings should not contactforeign surfaces. Normal hardness andtoughness return to the cooled films.
The dielectric characteristics ofPLIOBOND adhesives in a high frequen-cy range are shown in Figure 16. Elec-trical properties vary with the prepara-tion, the conditioning, and in somecases, the temperature of the adhesivefilm. In general, the dielectric attributesof a PLIOBOND adhesive film are con-siderably better in the higher frequencyrange.
ResistivityLeakage characteristics have been
determined for PLIOBOND adhesivesapplied as an electrical insulating var-nish. Table 5 shows the effect of waterimmersion on the resistivity. Wet resis-tivity compares favorably with mostinsulating varnishes. Leakage is not aproblem for PLIOBOND adhesiveinsulating coatings in average service.
Dielectric strengthPLIOBOND adhesive films or im-
pregnated tapes have good resistanceto electrical puncture. Dielectricstrength data, given in Table 6, showsthe breakdown potential in agreementby two methods. A PLIOBOND adhesivecoating is not a cure for a poor dielec-tric base material where the adhesive iscoated on other insulation.
Resistance to insects, fungi,molds and bacteria
PLIOBOND adhesives are not at-tacked by insects. Cured adhesive filmswill not support the growth of fungi,molds or bacteria. These growthscause mechanical breakdown in manyother adhesives.
14
fo0
o 8O -o
0)
b
I 1 ' 1 1 1Dielectric Properties of PLIOBOND Films'1
(Very High Frequency Range) - •
+D!erectrie ConstantA Dissipation Factor
- "Tables of Dielectric Materials, Vol. IV -Technical Reports57Laboratory for Insulation Materials'
Inst. of Technology—-'1-53.8
.4
.2
10 102 -JQ3 1Q4 10= •}
Figure 1610? 10« 109
0
SECTION?
Chemical resistanceof PLIOBOND adhesives
Water resistance/water absorptionPLIOBOND adhesives have low water
absorption, which is particularly usefulin electrical insulation applications.Resistance to water absorption can befurther augmented by longer drying orpress time or by higher pre-drying andassembling temperatures. Hot water ordetergent solutions may weakenPLIOBOND adhesive bonded assemblies.In cold water alone, bond strengthlevels off on long exposure at about 50percent of initial strength. Re-driedbonds regain initial strength.Immersion tests-28 days
PLIOBOND adhesive films, applied tothe ends of rounded metal rods, wereimmersed in various chemicals for 28days at room temperature. Followingexamination, the films were air-dried forseven days at room temperature andexamined again. Results are shown inTables 7 and 8. PLIOBOND has increasedresistance to solvents and reagentsafter long aging or after baking at 300°F.Environmental Resistance
Cured PLIOBOND adhesives offerexcellent environmental.resistance. SeeTable 9. .Note: All data shown here is on totally exposed,thin films. Bonded substrates would have minimalexposure of the PLIOBOND adhesive, thusconsiderably lessening the chemical effectsshown here.
Table 7 Chemical Resistance of PLIOBOND Adhesives
Chemical
Distilled water
Tap water
10.% hydrochloric acid
10%sulf uric acid
35% sulfuric acid
10% nitric acid
Acetic acid (all concentrations)
5% trisodium phosphate
Saturated trisodium phosphatesolution
10% salt solution (table)
Saturated salt solution (rock)
10% sodium hydroxide
16% sodium hypochlorite
Adhesive after 28 days
Film whitened
Film whitened
Film slightly whitened
No visible change
No visible change
Strongly attacked
Film darkened, softened
Film slightly softened anddarkened
Strongly attacked
No visible change
No visible change
Strongly attacked
No visible change
Adhesive dried 7 days fol-lowing the immersion test
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Normal appearance andphysical properties
Table 8
RESISTANCE OF PLIOBOND ADHESIVES TO VARIOUSSOLVENTS, CHEMICALS AND OILS
Percent Volume Swell—24 Hours at Room Temperature
PercentSwell
AromaticsBenzene 123Toluene . . ,.' 102Xylene 70.5AliphaticsRegular Gasoline 0.0Kerosene . . . .' 0.0Aromatic-Aliphatic Hydrocarbon BlendsAviation Gasoline—40% Aromatic 18.2Aromatic Hydrocarbon1 —13.9% Aromatic 3.12Mineral Spirits—12.6% Aromatic 1.56Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 0.0Aromatic Hydrocarbon3—64% Aromatic 18.51Ashland HI-SOL 702Ashland 140 Solvent3Ashland VM&P Naptha
Chlorinated SolventsCarbon Tetrachloride 36.5Ethylene Dichloride High—unable to measureOrtho Dichlorbenzene 507Perchlorethylene 203AlcoholsMethyl Alcohol 46.6Butyl Alcohol 18.6Isopropyl Alcohol 21.8Ethylene Glycol 0.0
PercentSwell
TerpenesDipentene 5.0Turpentine 0.0AcidsHydrochloric—Concentrated 16.3Sulphuric—50% O.'OAcetic—50% 176Nitric—50% Physical BreakdownOleic—Concentrated 0.0Lactic—Concentrated 4.62AlkaliesSodium Hydroxide—10% 62.4Potassium Hydroxide—10% 84.8Ammonia—28% 11.9OilsDetergent Motor Oil 0.0N9n-Detergent Motor Oil 0.0Mineral Oil 0.0Hydraulic Oil 0.0Vegetable Oil 0.0
Note: Volume swell tests in oils were repeated at 158°F, with the same results as at room temperature.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE OF PLIOBONDADHESIVESTable 9 Oxidation Resistance
Oxygen Bomb, 250 Hours ASTM D 572-73
Cotton/Aluminum PeelsCotton/Neoprene Peels
Hardness, Shore A (R.T. Cure)Hardness, Shore A (Heat Cured)Tensile Strength300% Modulus400% Modulus
Elongation, %
Control
33-38 pli5-6 pli
82
891 553 psi1270psi1553 psi
400
Oxygen Exposed
40-44 pli4.5-5.5 pli
79
881536 psi
1225 psi1492 psi
410
SECTION 8
USES OF PLIOBOND ADHESIVES
PLIOBOND adhesiveapplications• Aviation and aerospace
• Commercial aeronautical service
• Appliance aftermarkets-hoses, fluidlines, gaskets, central vacuumsystems
• Commercial marine maintenance-Coast Guard, et al.
• Electrical motors-manufacture andservice
• Heat exchanger gaskets-new andreplacement
• Filters-automotive, chemical, water
• Textile and paper mills
• Hose/belting-commercial
• Sheet rubber goods-industrial
• Electronic equipment-manufacturing, maintenance, repair
• Oil field service and maintenance
• Various U.S. Navy, Air Force andArmy Ordnance
PLIOBOND Adhesive products meet the performancerequirements of many military specifications including:
Specification:
MIL-A-81270MIL-C-2399
Adhesive, Synthetic RubberCement, Liquid, Tent Patch
Federal stock numbers areavailable upon request.PLIOBOND Adhesive is alsocalled out in various OEMspecifications.
SECTION 8
Ashland Chemical has adopted aunique business philosophy calledQUALITY PLUS"to make certain thatevery product we sell is of the highestquality possible.
This companywide philosophyevaluates and controls productdevelopment, product specifications,incoming raw materials, manufacturing,internal accounting and controlsystems, and customer contactsthrough a system of measurement,statistical analysis, quality control andemployee training.
Ashland Chemical
Ashland Chemical, Inc.Subsidiary of Ashland Oil, Inc.
Summary and Historyof PLIOBOND Adhesives
One-Component,All-Purpose Adhesives
I
Pi'LIOBOND adhesives have beenperforming for thirty plus years. Theseunique, one component, all-purposeadhesives are based on a blend ofnitrile rubber phenolic resin that exhibitsa wide range of bonding techniques.These techniques can be used to bonda variety of dissimilar materials withease. The resulting bonds have ex-cellent adhesion and maintain thesehigh adhesion levels for years of service
over wide temperature extremes andsevere environmental and chemicalconditions. The electrical properties ofPLIOBOND adhesives open many doors,from fixing an electrical cord to voyagesinto space.
The registered trademarkPLIOBOND on all containers, packages,and labels is your assurance that youare using the all-purpose adhesivewhich is manufactured under the mostrigid statistical quality control procedures.PLIOBOND will always be a uniform,high quality, high performance adhesivefor this generation and many more.
Ashland Chemical
Ashland Chemical, Inc.Subsidiary of Ashland Oil, Inc.
