PROVIDING FIRST AID AND HANDLING

EMERGENCIES

PRIORITIES IN AN EMERGENCY1. CHECK THE IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS FOR POSSIBLE DANGERS

2. CHECK TO SEE IF THE VICTIM IS CONSCIOUS

3. CHECK BREATHING

4. CONTROL SEVERE BLEEDING

5. CHECK THE VICTIM FOR POISONING

6. SEND FOR MEDICAL HELP (CALL 911)

TYPES OF EMERGENCIESOPEN WOUNDS:

1. ABRASION (SCRAPE)- REMOVES TOP 2 LAYERS OF SKIN.

2. LACERATION (CUT)- GENERALLY CAUSED BY A SHARP OBJECT SUCH AS KNIFE OR GLASS. CAN ALSO BE CAUSED BY A BLUNT FORCE FOR EXAMPLE A BAT. USUALLY ACCOMPANIED BY MODERATE TO SEVERE BLEEDING.

3. PUNCTURE (WOUND)- CAUSED BY A THIN, LONGER SHARP OBJECT. MIGHT NOT SEE ANY SEVERE BLEEDING. IF INTERNAL ORGANS ARE DAMAGED THERE IS AN INCREASED CHANCE OF INFECTION AND DAMAGE.

4. AVULSION (TISSUE SEPARATION)- TISSUE IS SEPARATED PARTLY OR COMPLETELY FROM PERSONS BODY.

TREATMENT 1. STOP THE BLEEDING- APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE TO TOP OF WOUND OR TO PRESSURE POINT.

WHEN APPLYING DIRECT PRESSURE, USE A THICK CLEAN CLOTH AND PRESS FIRMLY TO THE HEEL OF YOUR HAND AND ADD LAYERS AS THE BLOOD SOAKS THROUGH.

2. PROTECT THE WOUND- NORMALLY A CLEAN CLOTH TO AN OPEN WOUND WILL HELP PROTECT IT FROM INFECTION. IF CLOTH IS NOT AVAILABLE A COAT, UNDERSHIRT, OR ANY OTHER CLEAN COVERING WILL DO.

3. TREAT FOR SHOCK- SHOCK MAY RESULT FROM SEVERE BLEEDING, HEART ATTACK, ELECTROCUTION, POISONING, BURNS, OR SUDDEN CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE.

4. GET HELP- CALL FOR HELP

BURNS• FIRST DEGREE-LEAST SEVERE ( SUNBURN ) BURN TO FIRST FEW LAYERS OF SKIN.

• SECOND DEGREE- ( BLISTERS )

• THIRD DEGREE – MOST SERIOUS, BURN ALL LAYERS OF SKIN + NERVES, MUSCLES , FAT AND OR BONES

TREATMENT FOR BURNS• RUNNING COOL WATER FOR AT LEAST 5 MIN

• APPLY CLEAN, DRY DRESSING TO AVOID INFECTION

• IF POSSIBLE ELEVATE, TREAT FOR SHOCK?

POISONING• FIRST AID FOR SWALLOWING POISON…

• CALL 911- DIRECT YOU TO THE POISON CONTROL CENTER

• NEED INFO ON THE POISON: TELL YOU WHAT TO DO (LIKE DRINK WATER OR MILK)

CHOKING, RESCUE BREATHING AND CPRCHOKING IN ADULTS

HOW DO YOU KNOW IF SOMEONE IS CHOKING………FOR REAL ???

• YOU WILL SEE THEM GRAB THEIR THROAT (INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL FOR CHOKING )

• YOU WILL HEAR……………….ABSOLUTELEY NOTHING.

• THEY MAY BANG AND TRY TO GET SOMEONE'S ATTENTION

WHAT DO YOU DO?• IF SOMEONE IS CHOKING YOU WILL PERFORM THE HEIMLICH MANEUVER (NAMED AFTER THE GERMAN SCIENTIST WHO INVENTED IT)

• NOW MORE COMMONLY KNOWN AS ABDOMINAL THRUSTS

STEP 1 : LANDMARK

• STAND BEHIND THE VICTIM

• WRAP YOUR ARMS AROUND THEM COMING FROM UNDERNEATH THE ARMPITS

• PINKY FINGERS TOUCHING THEIR HIP BONE THAT STICKS OUT FROM THE FRONT

• THUMBS MEET IN THE MIDDLE ON A 45 DEGREE ANGLE

• THE TARGET………. THE DIAPHRAGM!!!!!

WHAT TO DO CONTINUED….STEP 2:

• NON DOMINANT HAND MAKE A FIST

• OTHER HAND USED TO DELIVER THRUSTS

• FIST PLACED ON THE DIAPHRAGM THAT HAS BEEN TARGETED ALREADY

• THRUSTING IS DONE TOWARDS YOUR CHIN ( OR ON A 45 DEGREE ANGLE )

• CONTINUE UNTIL THE BLOCKAGE IS DISLODGED

WHAT IF ……………………THE PERSON PASSES OUT ?

• GENTLY LIE THEM ON THEIR BACK

• STRADDLE THEIR LEGS AND FACE THEM

• CONTINUE ABDOMINAL THRUSTS WITH THE PALM OF YOUR HAND

YOU ARE HOME ALONE?

• YOU MUST ADMINISTER ABDOMINAL THRUSTS TO YOURSELF USING THE BACK OF A CHAIR OR THE EDGE OF A TABLE.

CHOKING IN INFANTS• FOR INFANTS, ABDOMINAL THRUSTS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE IT MAY DO DAMAGE…THEY ARE

TOO LITTLE!

• FOR CHILDREN UNDER 1 YRS. OLD

• PLACE THE INFANT UPSIDE DOWN OVER YOUR ARM

• GIVE FOUR BLOWS TO THEIR BACK BETWEEN THEIR SHOULDER BLADES

• TURN THEM OVER AND WITH THE INDEX AND MIDDLE FINGER PRESS ON THE BABIES DIAPHRAGM, REPEAT 4 TIMES

• CONTINUE UNTIL THE OBJECT IS DISLODGED

RESCUE BREATHING AND CPR• WHEN SOMEONE IS NOT ABLE TO BREATH ON THEIR OWN OR HAVE NO PULSE YOU MUST CALL 911 AND ATTEMPT TO RESUSCITATE THEM !

HERE IS WHAT YOU DO IF YOU COME UPON A VICTIM THAT MAY IN TROUBLE…

1. CHECK SURROUNDING FOR DANGER TO YOURSELF, THEN TRY TO WAKE THEM UP BY BANGING THE FLOOR/SHOUTING AND PINCH THEM BACK OF THE ARM.

2. LOOK AND LISTEN FOR BREATHING. PLACE EAR OVER NOSE AND MOUTH AREA LOOKING AT THE BELLY BUTTON AND DO THE FOLLOWING

• LOOK – TO SEE IF THE CHEST/ABDOMEN RISES AND FALLS

• LISTEN- FOR AIR COMING IN AND OUT OF THE NOSE/MOUTH

RESCUE BREATHING AND CPR CONTINUED…

3. CHECK FOR A PULSE: PLACE INDEX AND MIDDLE FINGER IN THE NECK WHEN THE CAROTID ARTERY IS

4. IF THEY ARE NOT BREATHING AND/OR HAVE NO PULSE = EMERGENCY = 911

5. PERFORM RESCUE BREATHING…….. TILT CHIN

6. PLUG NOSE

7. TWO BREATHS IN ( YOUR MOUTH MUST SEAL VICTIMS MOUTH )

8. PERFORM 30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

INTERLOCK HANDS, LOCATE THE STERNUM (MID CHEST)

9. REPEAT 2 RESCUE BREATHS AND 30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS UNTIL HELP ARRIVES OR THE VICTIM COMES TO.

10. PLACE IN RECOVERY POSITION ON THEIR SIDE

MORE COMMON EMERGENCIESSTRAINS AND SPRAINS

• USE THE R.I.C.E. METHOD AKA I.C.E.R.

• REST

• ICE – (15 TO 20 MINUTES ON) (OFF FOR 15 TO 20 MINUTES) REPEAT.

• COMPRESSION- (TENSOR BANDS, TAPE)

• ELEVATION

BEE STINGS• USE WHITE VINEGAR

NOSEBLEEDS

• NEVER BLOW YOUR NOSE

• TILT HEAD FORWARD

• PINCH THE NOSE

• IF BLEEDING PERSISTS AND DOES NOT CLOT, SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION

HEART ATTACK/STROKESIGNS OF STROKE

• WEAKNESS, SUDDEN LOSS OF STRENGTH OR NUMBNESS IN THE FACE

• TROUBLE SPEAKING

• VISION PROBLEMS

• DIZZINESS

• HEADACHE, SUDDEN AND SEVERE

SIGNS OF HEART ATTACK• CHEST PAIN

• POSSIBLE NECK, JAW, ARM, BACK AND SHOULDER DISCOMFORT

• SHORTNESS OF BREATH

• NAUSEA

• SWEATING

• LIGHT HEADEDNESS

• DENIAL