Ps. 81:12, “So I gave them up unto their own hearts' lust: and they walked in their own counsels.”

God’s wrath revealed against those who hinder the truth in unrighteousness (1:18-32)

1. The truth (vs. 19-20)

2. Hindering the truth (vs. 21-23)

3. God’s wrath revealed (v. 24-32)

Who God will judge (2:1-16)

1. No one will escape God’s judgment (vs. 1-3)

2. The possible abuse of attributes God intends to work toward man’s salvation (vs. 4,5)

3. God will render to every man according to his deeds (vs. 6-11)

4. Deciding factors in judgment (vs. 12-16)

“I have shown…that it was possible for the Gentiles and patriarchs who were not under Moses’ law to sin sexually. Why cannot people outside the covenant today sin against the law on the heart, as did the Gentiles who were not sinning against the Mosaic law (Rom. 2:14-15), without sinning against the laws regulating those in the new convenant?” (James D. Bales, Not Under Bondage, p. 139)

“Paul proved they (the Jews and Gentiles at Corinth, sw) were sinners by proving Jews had transgressed the old law and the Gentiles the law on the heart. (Rom. 1:18-25; 3:9-10, 19, 23; 1 Cor. 9:20-21).” (Bales, p. 150)

• V. 15, “the work of the law.”

• V. 15, “the law” = the Law of Moses.

Problems with Bale’s understanding of these verses:

1. It lifts Rom. 2:14-15 from the time about which they are speaking and applies them to people in the New Testament dispensation.

2. God’s Old Testament law was not universal in its application, being given only to Israel.

3. God’s New Testament law is universal in its application (Mk. 16:15; Acts 17:30-31; 2 Thes. 1:7-8).

4. The “law” to which Paul referred in Rom. 2:14-15 was clearly the law of Moses. It has been done away (Eph. 2:14-16; Gal. 3:19).

The failure of the Jews (2:17-29)

1. Advantages of the Jews (vs. 17-20)

• Gifts (v. 17)

• Capabilities (v. 18)

• Place (vs. 19,20; "form" can mean either "embodiment or outward form," [BAG])

The failure of the Jews (2:17-29)

1. Advantages of the Jews (vs. 17-20)

2. Sins of the Jews (vs. 21-24)

3. Conditions whereby circumcision profits or is made of no effect (vs. 25-29)

A chief advantage of the Jews: The Law (3:1-8)

Paul adds the witness of scripture to his theme that “all have sinned” (3:9-18)

The function of law (3:19,20)

The answer to mankind’s sinfulness: The “righteousness of God” (3:21-21)

21, But now the righteousness of God...

22, Even the righteousness of God…

24, Being justified freely by his grace…

25, …To declare his righteousness for the remission of sins…

26, …That he might be just, and the justifier…

28, …We conclude that a man is justified by faith…

30, Seeing it is one God, which shall justify...

Father Abraham and the reckoning of grace (4:1-25)

1. What has Abraham found re. justification? (vs. 1-5)

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.

Romans 4:1-5: Boasting works, cf. 3:27; 4:2

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.

Romans 4:1-5:Boasting works, cf. 3:27; 4:2

Meritorious works, cp. 9:30-32; Lk. 18:9-12

Father Abraham and the reckoning of grace (4:1-25)

1. What has Abraham found re. justification? (vs. 1-5)

2. How God reckons one righteous (vs. 6- 8)

3. To whom do these blessings come? (vs. 9-16)

4. Abraham’s faith in God (vs. 17-25)

Conclusion of the theme of universal sin and justification (5:1-21)

1. Results of justification (vs. 1-11)

2. Summation of chs. 1-4 (vs. 12-21)

12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned:

12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned:

““in the manner spoken in the manner spoken of…in this manner, in of…in this manner, in such a manner, thus, such a manner, thus, so” (so” (ThayerThayer, p. 468) , p. 468)

““in the manner spoken in the manner spoken of…in this manner, in of…in this manner, in such a manner, thus, such a manner, thus, so” (so” (ThayerThayer, p. 468) , p. 468)

12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned:

12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned:

2 John 72 John 7, , “For many deceiv- “For many deceiv-

ers are ers are gone forthgone forth into the into the world, world, eveneven they that confess they that confess not that Jesus Christ cometh not that Jesus Christ cometh in the flesh. This is the in the flesh. This is the deceiver and the antichrist.”deceiver and the antichrist.”

2 John 72 John 7, , “For many deceiv- “For many deceiv-

ers are ers are gone forthgone forth into the into the world, world, eveneven they that confess they that confess not that Jesus Christ cometh not that Jesus Christ cometh in the flesh. This is the in the flesh. This is the deceiver and the antichrist.”deceiver and the antichrist.”

12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned….15 But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift…. 16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift…. 18 So then as through one trespass the judgment came unto all men to condemnation; even so through one act of righteousness the free gift came unto all men to justification of life. 19 For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedi- ence of the one shall the many be made righteous.21 that, as sin reigned in death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned….15 But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift…. 16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift…. 18 So then as through one trespass the judgment came unto all men to condemnation; even so through one act of righteousness the free gift came unto all men to justification of life. 19 For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedi- ence of the one shall the many be made righteous.21 that, as sin reigned in death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned: 13 for until the law sin was in the world; but sin is not imputed when there is no law. 14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the likeness of Adam's trans- gression, who is a figure of him that was to come.

Vs. 12-14: Entrance of sin, participation in sin, and results of Adam’s work.

Adam Mt.

Sinai: Law

Given

Mt. Sinai: Law

Given

12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world….reigned from Adam until Moses…

15 …For if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God, and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound unto the many.

Vs. 12-14: Adam, his works, and results

Vs. 15-17: Christ, his works, and results

Vs. 12-14: Adam, his works, and results

Vs. 15-17: Christ, his works, and results

15, But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift. For if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God, and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound unto the many.

15, But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift. For if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God, and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound unto the many.

V. 15: A contrast in magnitude

16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment came of one unto condem nation, but the free gift came of many trespasses unto justification.

16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment came of one unto condem nation, but the free gift came of many trespasses unto justification.

V. 16: A contrast in results

V. 16: A contrast in results

17, For if, by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one; much more shall they that receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, even Jesus Christ.

Heaven has more than answered the problem

sin caused.

Heaven has more than answered the problem

sin caused.

15 But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift. For if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God, and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound unto the many. 16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment came of one unto condem nation, but the free gift came of many trespasses unto justification. 17 For if, by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one; much more shall they that receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, even Jesus Christ.

15 But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift. For if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God, and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound unto the many. 16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment came of one unto condem nation, but the free gift came of many trespasses unto justification. 17 For if, by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one; much more shall they that receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, even Jesus Christ.

Vs. 15-17: Entrance of grace, participation in grace, and results of Christ’s work.Vs. 15-17: Entrance of grace, participation in grace, and results of Christ’s work.

Vs. 12-14: Entrance of sin, participation in sin, and results of Adam’s work.

Vs. 12-14: Entrance of sin, participation in sin, and results of Adam’s work.

Vs. 15-17: Entrance of grace, participation in grace, and results of Christ’s work.

Vs. 15-17: Entrance of grace, participation in grace, and results of Christ’s work.

18, So then as through one trespass the judgment came unto all men to condemnation; even so through one act of righteousness the free gift came unto all men to justification of life.19, For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the one shall the many be made righteous.20, And the law came in besides, that the trespass might abound; but where sin abounded, grace did abound more exceedingly:21, that, as sin reigned in death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

ConclusionConclusion

18, So then as through one trespass the judgment came unto all men to condemnation; even so through one act of righteousness the free gift came unto all men to justification of life.

If: “Condemnation” = Total Hereditary Depravity

Then: “Justification” = Universalism

If: “Condemnation” = Total Hereditary Depravity

Then: “Justification” = Universalism

19 For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the one shall the many be made righteous.

If this says Christ’s righteousness is imputed -

If this says Christ’s righteousness is imputed -

Then this says that man inherits the sin of Adam.

Then this says that man inherits the sin of Adam.

Rom. 5:21, That as sin hath reigned unto death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord.

Theme of chs. 6-8, Change of dominions

Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8)

1. Dominion (6:1-14)

2. What dominion shall we let reign over us? (6:15-23)

• Servants past & present (vs. 15-19)

• Consequences of two courses of service (vs. 20-23)

Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8)

3. Freedom from dominion of the Law (7:1- 6)

4. Service under the Law (7:7-25)

Service under the Law (Rom. 7:7-25)

• The function of law (vs. 7-13)

• Man under the Law, under sin (vs. 14-25)

Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8)

5. Service under “the Law of the Spirit of life” (8:1-17)

6. Present suffering -vs- future glory (8:18- 30)

• Groaning of creation (vs. 19-22)

• Groaning of Christians (vs. 23-25)

• Groaning of the Spirit (vs. 26,27)

• “All things work together for good” (vs. 28-30)

Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8)

5. Service under “the Law of the Spirit of life” (8:1-17)

6. Present suffering -vs- future glory (8:18- 30)

• Groaning of creation (vs. 19-22)

• Groaning of Christians (vs. 23-25)

• Groaning of the Spirit (vs. 26,27)

• “All things work together for good” (vs. 28-30)

Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8)

7. “If God be for us who can be against us?” (8:31-39) (conclusion of chs. 6-8)

The State of the Jews (Rom. 9-11)

1. Paul’s grief over their lost condition (9:1-5)

2. “They are not all Israel, which are of Israel” (9:6-13)

Abraham

Ishmael

Isaac

Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, Shuah

Jacob Esau

The State of the Jews (Rom. 9-11)

1. Paul’s grief over their lost condition (9:1-5)

2. “They are not all Israel, which are of Israel” (9:6-13)

Theme of ch. 9: Children of the promise (v. 8)

Honor, v. 21

Dishonor, v. 21

(Jews) (Gentiles)

honor dishonor

(Jews) (Gentiles)

Wrath, v. 22

Wrath, v. 22

Mercy(J&G), v. 23