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IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS(Civil Engineering)

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any Five QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

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1. (a) Briefly explain the requirements of aerial photographs for stereoscopic viewing.(b) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.

2. Describe the physical processes involved and parameters derived in (a) Visible (b)Thermal (c) Microwave (d) Short wave infrared parts of electromagnetic spectrum.

3. Explain in detail the basic elements of image interpretation.

4. (a) Explain spatial and non-spatial data with suitable example.(b) Explain any 4 components of GIS.

5. (a) Explain advantages of Raster GIS.(b) Explain disadvantages of Vector GIS.

6. Explain buffering, intersection, overlay and clip operations in GIS.

7. Explain various levels of landuse / landcover classification.

8. Describe any 8 watershed characteristics in detail.

Set No. 1Code No. M0103

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1. (a) What are the major advantages of digital images over traditional hard copy images?(b) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.

2. Explain the following(a) Energy interactions with earth surface features.(b) Spatial resolution and spectral resolution.

3. What are the basic elements of interpretation for terrain evaluation?

4. Describe categories of GIS.

5. Explain data collection, data input, data analysis and data output modules in GIS.

6. Explain different methods of vector data storage.

7. (a) Describe any 2 surface water body mapping methods.(b) Describe any 2 drought indices in detail.

8. Describe any 8 drainage morphometric parameters in detail.

Set No.2Code No. M0103

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1. (a) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.(b) Explain different types of aerial photographs.

2. Explain these earth resource satellites

(a) Indian Remote Sensing satellite (RESOURCESAT) P6(b) NOAA

3. List various image enhancement techniques and explain each in detail.

4. (a) What are the components of GIS.(b) Describe any 8 fundamental operations of GIS.

5. Describe with neat sketch describe raster and vector data representation.

6. Describe Visual Analysis Methods (VAM).

7. Write a neat flow chart diagram explain the methodology in flood impact assessment andmonitoring using RS & GIS techniques.

8. Explain how Remote Sensing & GIS techniques are used in reservoir sedimentation.

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1. (a) List various photogrammetric activities describe any one in detail.(b) Explain how aerial photographs are used in stereoscopy.

2. Explain the following(a) Radiometric resolution and temporal resolution.(b) Energy interactions in the atmosphere

3. (a) Explain the basic character of digital image(c) Write a note on geometric correction methods

4. (a) What are the components of GIS(b) Describe any 8 fundamental operations of GIS

5. Discuss various types of Raster GIS models

6. Explain the following advanced tools of GIS analysis along with suitable examples(a) Network Analysis(b) Terrain Analysis(c) Spatial Operation(d) Proximity Analysis

7. Write a neat flow chart diagram explain the methodology in drought impact assessmentand monitoring using RS & GIS techniques

8. Explain how Remote Sensing & GIS techniques are used in identification of sites forartificial recharge structures for ground water development

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Code No: M0202/R05 Set No. 1IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry equal marks

1. Compare Y bus and Zbus along with applications? Explain why Y bus is more popu-larly used in CMPS? [16]

2. Derive expression for a partial network adding a link to form Z bus . [16]

3. Explain the Algorithm of GS method for load ow solution. Also discuss the effectof acceleration factor on the same method. [16]

4. (a) Explain physically justiable assumptions and additional assumptions utilizedin FDLF.

(b) Explain how computational burden can be reduced drastically of V correc-tion variable is replaced by (V/V) in N-R Polar form. [8+8]

5. (a) Prove that Z pu(new) = Z pu(old) (MV A )Base ( new )(MV A )Base ( old )

(KV LL )2Base old(KV LL )2Base old

(b) Obtain pu impedance diagram of the power system of gure 5. Choose basequantities as 15 MVA and 33 KV.

Generator: 30 MVA, 10.5 KV, X = 1.6 ohms.Transformers T 1 & T2: 15 MVA, 33/11 KV, X = 15 ohms referred to HVTransmission line: 20 ohms / phaseLoad: 40 MW, 6.6 KV, 0.85 lagging p.f. [4+12]

Figure 5

6. Draw zero sequence network for the system shown in gure 6. [16]

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Code No: M0202/R05 Set No. 1

Figure 6

7. A 50 Hz generator delivers 1.0 pu power at 0.8 pf lag to an innite bus as shownin gure 7.

(a) Determine steady state stability limit.

(b) If load increases by 2% what is the acceleration power

(c) If acceleration power in (ii) is constant for 0.1 secs nd the rotor angle at theend of this time interval.

Inertia constant of the generator is 2.5 MJ / MVA. [16]

Figure 7

8. (a) State and justify the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.(b) A generator having H = 6 MJ / MVA through a reactive network. The

generator is delivering power of 1.0 pu to the motor, when a fault occurswhich reduces delivered power to 0.6 pu. Determine angular acceleration of the generator with respect to motor. [6+10]

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1. For the given network shown in gure 1d connections form:

(a) Graph

(b) Tree

(c) Co-tree(d) Cut-set. [16]

Figure 1d

2. Form the Z bus for the given network connections and remove the element-2, formthe Zbus using removal of element formulae (take bus 4 as reference): [16]

Self MutualElement Bus code Impedance Bus code Impedence

1 1-2 0.62 1-2 0.4 1-2 (1) 0.23 1-3 0.54 2-4 0.25 2-4 0.4 2-4 (4) 0.16 3-4 0.5

3. The YBus of a 5-bus system is (5 5)matrix. The system has an off nominal tapratio transformer between buses 3 and 5 as shown in gure 3 if the transformeroutage takes place, how are the Y BU S elements are modied. [16]

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Figure 3

4. Explain step-by-step algorithm of N-R (Polar form) algorithm including P-V buses.[16]

5. (a) Prove that Z pu(new) = Z pu(old) (M V A )Base ( new )(M V A )Base ( old )

(KV LL )2Base old

(KV LL )2Base old

(b) Obtain pu impedance diagram of the power system of gure 5. Choose basequantities as 15 MVA and 33 KV.

Generator: 30 MVA, 10.5 KV, X = 1.6 ohms.Transformers T 1 & T2: 15 MVA, 33/11 KV, X = 15 ohms referred to HVTransmission line: 20 ohms / phaseLoad: 40 MW, 6.6 KV, 0.85 lagging p.f. [4+12]

Figure 56. Draw negative and zero sequence networks for the system shown in gure 6. [16]

Figure 6

7. (a) A transmission line has generalized circuit constantsA = 0.93 + j0.016; B = 20 + j140.Find steady state stability limit if |V S | = |V R | = 220 KV

(b) Dene synchronizing coefficient. [16]

8. (a) What are the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.

(b) Explain point by point method of determine swing curve. [6+10]

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1. Form Ybus for the network by direct inspection method: [16]Element Positive sequence reactance

E-A 0.04E-B 0.05A-B 0.04B-C 0.03A-D 0.02C-F 0.07D-F 0.10

2. Form the Z bus for the given network connections (take bus 1 as reference). [16]Self Mutual

Element Buscode Impedance Buscode Impedence1 1-2 0.62 1-2 0.4 1-2 (1) 0.23 1-3 0.5

4 2-4 0.25 2-4 0.4 2-4 (4) 0.16 3-4 0.5

3. Explain clearly how the nodal admittance matrix of a system is changed when anon-load tap changing transformer is introduced in a line. Connected between twobuses. [16]

4. Derive N-R (Polar form) equations and N-R (Rectangular form) equations andexplain difference between these methods. [16]

5. (a) Justify the assumption that load currents and line charging currents are neg-ligible in short circuit analysis.

(b) What is short circuit capacity and derive an expression for SCcapacity?[10+6]

6. (a) Impedance of an component is given by

Z abc =z aa z ab z acz ba z bb z bcz ca z cb z cc

with Zab = Z ba ; Zbc = Z cb ; Zac = Z ca .

Find Z 012 .(b) Power in a 3 phase circuit P abc is expressed in symmetrical components P 012 .

Show that P abc = P 012 . [8+8]

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Code No: M0202/R05 Set No. 37. (a) Dene steady state stability.

(b) Two turbo alternators with ratings given below are connected via a short line.

Machine 1: 4 pole, 50 Hz, 60 MW, 0.8 pf lag.moment of inertia 30, 000 kg-m 2

Machine 2: 2 pole, 50 Hz, 80 MW, 0.85 pf lag.moment of inertia 10,000 kg-m 2 .

Calculate the inertia constant of single equivalent machine on a base of 200MVA. [16]

8. (a) What are the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.(b) Explain point by point method of determine swing curve. [6+10]

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1. Prove Ybus =A t [y]A using singular transformation. [16]

2. Derive expression for a partial network adding a link to form Z bus . [16]

3. Explain the treatment of PV buses in Gauss-Seidel load ow method. What is theeffect of Q-limit enforcement on rate of convergence of the method? [16]

4. (a) Explain FDLF method with importance of [ B ] and [B ] matrices.(b) For the power system shown in gure 4b compute [ B ] and [B ] matrices.

[6+10]Bus code Impedances (P.u) Half line charging admittance (P.u)1-2 (0.06+j0.18) j0.0051-3 (0.02+j0.06) j0.0062-3 (0.04+j0.12) j0.005

Figure 4b5. (a) Derive an expression for Base impedance, given Base KV LL and Base MVA 3

(b) P.u impedance of a 3 phase transformer referred to LV is x T . Find pu im-pedance referred to HV side.

(c) P.u impedance of an element is Z pu on a given Base KVLL and Base MVA 3 .What is its pu impedance on Base KV LL (new) and Base MVA 3 (new).[4+6+6]

6. (a) P abc is 3 phase power in a circuit and P 012 is power in the same circuit in termsof symmetrical components. Show that abc = 012 .

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Code No: M0202/R05 Set No. 4(b) The line currents in a 3 phase supply to an un balanced load are respectively

Ia = 10 + j20; I b = 12 - j10; Ic = -3 - j5 Amp. phase sequence is abc. Determinethe sequence components of currents. [8+8]

7. In the system shown in gure 7 a capacitive reactance of 1.0 pu is connected atbus 3. Determine steady state stability limit with and without capacitive reac-tance assuming internal voltages of generator and motor to be 1.1 pu and 1.0 purespectively. [16]

Figure 7

8. (a) Explain point by point method of solving swing equation.

(b) Explain methods of improving transient stability. [8+8]

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Code No: N0302/R05 Set No. 1IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

CAD-CAM( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology,

Production Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) How would you classify software?

(b) What are the automation achievements for the four types of production. [16]

2. Calculate the transformed (rotation of 30 0 ) coordinates of the following. A rectangle

of size 25 mm X 40 mm. [16]3. What are the limitations in utilizing the sweep method for geometric construction?

[16]

4. Explain the following facilities in Autodesk inventor with an exampleLine / spline, Circle / ellipse, arc, rectangle, llet / chamfer, point, hole center,polygon, mirror. [16]

5. (a) Distinguish between NC tooling and conventional tooling.

(b) Describe the advantages of NC manufacturing. [8+8]

6. Develop the form code of the Optiz system for the parts shown in gure 6 gure6a. All dimensions are in mm. [8+8]

Figure 6

(a) Part drawing

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Code No: N0302/R05 Set No. 1

Figure 6a(b) Part drawing

7. What are the inputs required for MRP? Explain them. [16]

8. Why are not the JIT concepts implemented in Indian and Western foreign Indus-tries? Explain. [16]

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1. (a) What is the structure of a computing system?

(b) What do you understand by the CPU? [16]

2. An object is to be rotated about an axis parallel to X axis, but its origin passes

through a point (Xc Yc ) Obtain the necessary transformation matrix in 2 dimen-sions. [16]

3. How do you model an object, which is irregular, as the blade of a propeller typewindmill? [16]

4. How do you plan for a drawing in AutoCAD. [16]

5. Explain the various stages involved in NC manufacturing. How do they differ fromtraditional manufacturing? [16]

6. How do you reduce the inter-cellular movement among Machine cells? [16]

7. A nished product X is assembled from 3 subassemblies: A, B and C. SubassemblyA consists of 3 units of D, 4 units of E and one unit of F. To make B, 1unit of Gand 3 units of H are needed. Subassembly C requires 2 units of J and 3 units of F.Component D requires 2 units of J and 1 unit of K.

(a) Construct the product structure tree for the nished product.

(b) Estimate the requirement of all items required to produce 200 units of X.

(c) If there are 50 units of A, 100 units of B, 150 units of D and 200 units of Jalready available in inventory, determine the net requirement of all items toproduce 200 units of X. [16]

8. Compare the JIT production system and Conventional system with respect to thefollowing:

(a) Quality control and Inspection and(b) WIP inventory. [8+8]

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1. Briey explain the various categories of manufacturing activities. Write down theadvantages to be gained by the adoption of CAM. What are the advantages to begained by the adoption of CAD? [16]

2. Explain the basic principle of

(a) the DDA algorithm and

(b) Bresenhams algorithm for the linear interpolation for graphics terminals (Noderivation of the relations). Explain the relative advantages of the methods.

[16]

3. What are the types of surfaces that CAD/CAM systems use? [16]

4. (a) Why does circle trimming follow the counterclockwise rule?

(b) Give some examples where the layering concept is useful. [16]

5. (a) Explain the working of BTR type of interface used in DNC?(b) What are the differences between CNC and DNC? [8+8]

6. A GT machine cell contains three machines Machine 1 feeds machine 2, which is thekey machine in the cell. Machine 2 feeds machine 3. The cell is set up to producea family of ve parts (A, B, C, D, and E). The operation times for each part ateach machine are given in the table below. The products are to be produced in theratios 4 : 3 : 2 : 2 : 1, respectively.

(a) If 35 hrs /week are worked, determine how many of each product will be madeby the cell

(b) What is the utilization of each machine in the cell? [16]

Part Operation time (min)Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3

A 4 15 10B 15 18 7C 26 20 15D 15 20 10E 8 16 10

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Code No: N0302/R05 Set No. 37. Explain the relative advantages and disadvantages of various layouts of FMS. [16]

8. How does Lean Manufacturing make a mass production system exible? [16]

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1. (a) Describe the functioning of a central processing unit with the aid of blockdiagram.

(b) What is the importance of a CPU in a computing system?(c) How do you distinguish between a CPU and a microprocessor? [16]

2. Briey explain the various graphic transformations required for manipulating thegeometric information. [16]

3. What do we expect a geometric modeling system to accomplish, in a broad sense,in the total manufacturing scene? [16]

4. Explain linear, diameteral, radial and angular dimensioning in AutoCAD with aneat sketch. [16]

5. (a) In what way is the structure of NC machine tools different from conventionalmachine tools? Why?

(b) List the types of drives used for stepless control of NC machine tool spindles.[8+8]

6. Four machines used to produce a family of parts are to be arranged into a GT cell.The From-To data for the parts processed by the machines are shown in the Tablebelow.

(a) Determine the most logical sequence of machines for this data using HollierMethod .

(b) Construct the ow diagram for the data, showing where and how many partsenter and exit the system,

(c) Compute the percentage of in-sequence moves and the percentage of back-

tracking moves in the solution.(d) Develop a feasible layout plan for the cell. [16]

From To1 2 3 4

1 0 10 0 402 0 0 0 03 50 0 0 204 0 50 0 0

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Code No: N0302/R05 Set No. 47. How does FMS differ from conventional manufacturing system? What is meant by

exibility in manufacturing system? [16]

8. What is meant by Kaizen? How is it implemented? [16]

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OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &

Telematics)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


1. (a) Discuss in detail various modes of propagation in an optical ber.

(b) Light traveling in air strikes glass at an angle of 1 = 33 0 where 1 is measuredbetween incoming ray and glass surface. Part of beam is reected and part isrefracted. If the refracted and reected beam make an angle of 90 0 with eachother, what is the refractive index of glass? What is the critical angle of theglass? [8+8]

2. (a) Explain what is meant by the critical bending radius for an optical ber.(b) A single mode ber maintains birefringent coherence over a length of 100 km

when it is illuminated with an injection laser source with a spectral line widthof 1.5 nm and a peak wavelength of 1.32 m. Estimate the beat length withinthe ber and comment on the result. [8+8]

3. Derive the expression for the relationship between material dispersion and wave-length of the optical ber with suitable examples. [16]

4. (a) Discuss on light source materials.(b) FWHM power spectral width LEDs become wider at longer wavelengths.

Justify this statement. [8+8]

5. (a) Dene equilibrium numerical aperture.

(b) An LED with circular emission region of diameter 200 m and an axial radi-ance of 100 W / cm2 - Sr at 100mA drive current is coupled into a step indexber of 50m radius and of 0.22 numerical aperture. Compute the power cou-pled into this step index ber. Compute the % difference in coupled power if the radius of the ber is halved.

(c) Calculate the power coupled from the source specied above into a parabolicindex graded-index ber of 50m diameter with n 1 =1.485 and = 0.01.[3+8+5]

6. (a) Dene responsivity of an APD. List out the drawbacks of a Germanium APDfor use in digital ber optic links.

(b) An APD with a multiplication factor of 20 operates at a wavelength of 1550nm. Calculate the quantum efficiency and the output photo current from thedevice if the responsivity due to primary photo detection is 0.6 A/W when1011 photons per second are incident on the device. Use the necessary physical

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Code No: N0402/R05 Set No. 1constants listed. [8+8]Speed of light in vacuum =3 108 m/sElectron charge =1.602 10 19 CPlancks constant =6.6256 10 34 J-S.

7. (a) List and describe all the system considerations for selection of components inthe design of a ber optic link.

(b) Describe a procedure to carryout the power budget analysis of a ber opticlink. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain how mode lling during launching of optical power into a ber effectsattenuation in a Fiber.

(b) Discuss the merits and drawbacks of cut back method of measurement of attenuation.

(c) Optical power output of a 2.8Km ber is 10mW at 850nm wavelength. Theoptical power measured when the ber is cut off to 20m is 128mW. Computethe attenuation (dB/Km) in the optical ber at 850nm wavelength. Mentionthe conditions for attenuation measurement. [4+4+8]

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1. (a) Draw the block diagram of an optical transmission link and explain the func-tion of each element.

(b) Discuss the applications of optical ber system. [8+8]

2. (a) What are macro bending losses and micro bending losses? Explain with suit-able diagrams.

(b) Determine the cut off wavelength for a step index ber to suppart single modeoperation when the core refractive index and core radius are 1.46 and 4 mrespectively with the relative index difference being 0.25%. [8+8]

3. (a) A given ber has dispersion parameter D = 20 ps nm 1 Km 1 and length L= 10 Km, laser with spectral half width = 1nm is used as light source andan input signal (bit) duration t 1 = 1ns is introduced at the entrance end of the ber. Calculate:

i. The percentage of output bit duration and

ii. The bandwidth length product of that ber.(b) What is mode coupling? Give the effect of mode coupling on dispersion in

graded index bers. [8+8]

4. (a) What is a strip laser? Explain its function. Mention the advantages of thislaser.

(b) Write short notes on Hetero junction structures. [8+8]

5. (a) Dene equilibrium numerical aperture.

(b) An LED with circular emission region of diameter 200 m and an axial radi-ance of 100 W / cm2 - Sr at 100mA drive current is coupled into a step indexber of 50m radius and of 0.22 numerical aperture. Compute the power cou-pled into this step index ber. Compute the % difference in coupled power if the radius of the ber is halved.

(c) Calculate the power coupled from the source specied above into a parabolicindex graded-index ber of 50m diameter with n 1 =1.485 and = 0.01.

[3+8+5]

6. (a) List out and elaborate the desirable features of a photo detector to be suitablefor a ber optic receiver.

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Code No: N0402/R05 Set No. 2(b) Using necessary equations describe photo current generation and carrier mul-

tiplication processes in an Avalanche Photo Diode detector. [8+8]

7. (a) Analyse the conditions for a ber optic link to be categorized as dispersionlimited.

(b) A 90 Mbps NRZ Data transmission system uses a GaAlAs laser diode having2nm spectral width. The transmission distance is 7 Km over a graded -indexber having 800 MHz-Km bandwidth-distance product. Calculate the systemrise time if there is no mode mixing in the 7Km length of the ber suchthat mode mixing factor, q = 1. The rise times of source with its drivecircuitry and detector along with associated receiver electronics are 12ns and15ns respectively. Material dispersion factor, Dmat is given as 0.08ns/nm-Km.

[8+8]

8. (a) Explain how mode lling during launching of optical power into a ber effectsattenuation in a Fiber.

(b) Discuss the merits and drawbacks of cut back method of measurement of attenuation.

(c) Optical power output of a 2.8Km ber is 10mW at 850nm wavelength. Theoptical power measured when the ber is cut off to 20m is 128mW. Computethe attenuation (dB/Km) in the optical ber at 850nm wavelength. Mentionthe conditions for attenuation measurement. [4+4+8]

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1. (a) Draw the block schematic of a general communication system and explain thefunctions of each block.

(b) Discuss briey about the leaky modes and mode coupling losses in the beroptic communication. [8+8]

2. (a) Discuss mode cut off conditions in optical bers.(b) A single mode ber has a beat length in the range 7cm to 1m. What range

of propagation constant difference does this correspond to for an operatingwavelength of 1500 nm? [8+8]

3. (a) The zero dispersion wavelength for a single mode ber is 1.3 m with a disper-sion slope 0.1 ps m 2 km 1 . Compare the total rst order dispersion for theber at the wavelengths 1.25 m and 1.55 m. When the material dispersionand prole dispersion of the wavelength 1.55 m are 12 ps nm 1 km 1 and0.3 ps nm 1 km 1 respectively. Determine the wave guide dispersion at thiswavelength.

(b) The polarization mode dispersion in an uniformly birefringent single modeber is 250 ps km 1 . Calculate the bandwidth and maximum bit rate thatmay be obtained on a 10 Km repeaterless link assuming that there is onlypolarization mode dispersion. [8+8]

4. (a) Draw the structures of fabry perot LASER diode and distributed feed back(DFB) LASER diodes. Compare them.

(b) Discuss the modulation capability of LASER diode. [8+8]

5. (a) Dene equilibrium numerical aperture.(b) An LED with circular emission region of diameter 200 m and an axial radi-

ance of 100 W / cm2 - Sr at 100mA drive current is coupled into a step indexber of 50 m radius and of 0.22 numerical aperture. Compute the power cou-pled into this step index ber. Compute the % difference in coupled power if the radius of the ber is halved.

(c) Calculate the power coupled from the source specied above into a parabolicindex graded-index ber of 50 m diameter with n 1 =1.485 and = 0.01.

[3+8+5]

6. (a) Reason out if the two parameters, quantum efficiency and responsivity sig-nify the same properties of a detector diode.

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Code No: N0402/R05 Set No. 3(b) A PIN diode is characterized by a quantum efficiency of 72% at a wavelength

of 900 nm. Calculate:

i. Responsivity of the PIN diode at 900 nm.ii. Received optical power if the mean photo current is 10 mA at 900 nm.

iii. Number of received photons for 1 mA mean photo generated current.[8+8]

7. (a) Explain various factors contributing to overall optical system rise time.

(b) Calculate the system rise time for a 6 Km ber optic link of following speci-cations. [10+6]Rise time of the LED and its drive electronics = 14nsMaterial dispersion related rise time degradation = 21nsBandwidth of the optical receiver = 25MHz

Bandwidth-distance product of the ber =400 MHz-KmMode mixing factor, q = 0.7

8. (a) Describe eye pattern technique to assess the performance of digital ber opticlink.

(b) Explain in detail the operational principle, key features and benets of WDMscheme in optical links. [8+8]

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1. (a) Give any three applications of optical bers for instrumentation and explainthem with the necessary gures.

(b) Calculate the number of modes at 1550 nm and 1300 nm in a graded indexoptical ber having a parabolic index prole, a 20 m core radius, n 1 = 1.48

and n 2 = 1.46. [8+8]2. (a) What is cut off condition for mode propagation in optical bers? Discuss.

(b) An optical signal at a specic wavelength has lost 55 percent of its power aftertraversing 3.5 km of ber. What is the attenuation in dB/ Km of this ber?

[8+8]

3. Derive and discuss the expressions for propagation and multi path dispersion of light through GRIN bers. [16]

4. (a) List out the advantages of semiconductor laser diodes over LED, when usedfor ber transmission.

(b) An LED is made with gallium arsenide dopped with aluminium and has anenergy band gap of 1.55 eV. What is its dominant emission wavelength.[8+8]

5. (a) With neat diagrams describe the power coupling from a Surface emitting LEDinto a multimode ber.

(b) A GaAs source of 200 m diameter active area and refractive index of 3.6couples power into an all silica optical ber of 50 m diameter and 1.458refractive index. Estimate the loss in power coupling due to area and refractiveindex mismatch between the devices. Express the loss computed in dB also.

[8+8]

6. (a) Describe important specications of a semiconductor photo diode to be suit-

able for ber optic communications.(b) Compute the range of quantum efficiency of an InGas PIN diode in the wave-

length range between 1200 nm and 1600 nm if the responsivity of the diodeis specied to be more than 0.6 A/W in the required wavelength region. Usethe necessary physical constants listed. [8+8]Speed of light in vacuum =3 108 m/sElectron charge =1.602 10 19 CPlancks constant =6.6256 10 34 J-SBoltzmans constant =1.38 1023 J/KBand gap energy of Gas = 1.15 eV at 300K.

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Code No: N0402/R05 Set No. 47. (a) Estimate the maximum possible link length for operation at 60Mbps and BER

of 10 9 for the long haul single mode optical ber system operating at 850nmand specied below.Mean power launched from transmitter = -3dBmAttenuation in optical ber cable = 2dB/KmLoss in all splices = 0.3 dB/KmConnector loss at the transmitter and receiver = 1.2dB/connectorReceiver sensitivity at 60Mbps for BER of 10 9 = -48dBmRequired safety margin = 8dB

(b) Is the above specied link attenuation limited for a 26 Km link length? If yes,suggest a solution for eliminating the limitation. [10+6]

8. (a) Describe insertion-loss method of measurement of attenuation in an opticalber with suitable schematics.

(b) Compare and contrast insertion-loss technique with cut-back technique of mea-surement of attenuation.

(c) What is a mode stripper? Explain the necessity of mode stripper in themeasurement of attenuation in an optical ber. . [8+4+4]

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MOBILE COMPUTING

(Common to Computer science &Engineering, Information Technology,Electronics & Computer Engineering)



*******1. a) Discuss the system architecture of GSM.

b) What are the drawbacks of mobile and wireless devices.

2. a) What is CDMA? Explain in detail.b) Explain in detail about Demand assigned multiple access(DAMA).

3. a) Explain the registration of a mobile node via the foreign and direct registrationwith the home agent.

b) What are the requirements for a Mobile IP? Explain.

4. a) Explain the concept of Fast retransmit / Fast recovery in traditional TCP.b) Explain Transmission/Time-out freezing approach.

5. a) Explain the concept Data hoarding with the help of a diagram.b) Write brief notes on Data caching.

6. a) Explain Pull based data delivery mechanisms in detail.b) Explain Directory and Hash based selective tuning techniques.

7. a) Explain in detail, properties of MANET.b) Explain Dynamic source routing in MANETs.

8. Explain wireless datagram protocol and Transaction protocol.

Set No. 1Code No. N0504

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MOBILE COMPUTING




*******

1. a) Discuss in detail about GSM and its services.b) Write the applications and limitations of wireless networks and

mobile communications.

2. a) What is Spread aloha multiple access (SAMA)? Explain brieflyworking of SAMA.

b) Write short notes on classical aloha and slotted aloha.

3. a) Discuss about agent advertisement and delivery.b) What is the purpose of DHCP? Explain client initialization via DHCP.

4. a) Explain Snooping TCP. What are its advantages and disadvantages.b) Write brief notes on Fast retransmit / Fast recovery of mobile transport

layer.

5. a) Write in detail about cache invalidation mechanisms.b) Explain the issues relating to quality of service in mobile networks.

6. a) Explain Pull based data delivery mechanisms in detail.b) Explain index and distributed index based selective tuning techniques.

7. a) Explain routing complications in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks.b) Describe security problems in MANETs.

8. a) Explain in detail about Wireless transport layer security.b) Explain in detail about wireless application environment (WAE)

logical model.

Set No. 2Code No. N0504

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MOBILE COMPUTING




*******1. a) Explain about the protocol of GSM.

b) Explain briefly about architecture reference model of Mobile computing.

2. a) What is the reason for failure of MAC schemes in wireless networks?What is done in wired networks to avoid this effect?

b) Explain packet reservation multiple access (PRMA).

3. a) Write detailed notes on IP encapsulation mechanisms.b) What is reverse tunneling? What additional routes do packets take if

reverse tunneling is required?

4. a) Write a brief notes on congestion control in traditional TCP.b) Explain Indirect TCP. What are its advantages and disadvantages.

5. a) Explain data cache maintenance in mobile environment.b) Explain Power aware computing.

6. a) Write brief notes on communication asymmetry with the help of diagrams.b) Explain interleaved Push Pull based data delivery mechanism.

7. a) Write the differences between Ad-Hoc networks and other networks?And explain the applications of MANETs.

b) Explain dynamic source routing in MANETs.

8. a) Explain the architecture of WAP.b) Explain the wireless session protocol of the session layer.

Set No.3Code No. N0504

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MOBILE COMPUTING(Common to Computer science &Engineering, Information Technology,Electronics & Computer Engineering)



*******1. a) Explain the following.

i)Handover in GSM ii) Security services in GSMb) Explain high speed circuit switched data transmission approach.

2. a) Write short notes on concept of Multiple access control and explainits reference model.

b) Explain fixed TDM pattern and its advantages.

3. a) Describe data transfer from a mobile node to fixed node and vice-versa.b) Write short notes on IPv6.

4. a) Write the differences between TCP and UDP.b) Compare several enhancements to TCP for mobility.

5. a) List and explain the context types in context aware computing.b) Write about the client server computing with adaptation.

6. a) Explain push based data delivery mechanisms in detail.b) Explain Directory and Hash based selective tuning techniques.

7. a) Describe the working of Mobile Ad-Hoc network.b) Explain Destination sequence distance vector routing algorithm in MANETs.

8. a) Define WAP and briefly explain about the features and characteristics of WAP.

b) Discuss about the wireless transaction protocol of the transaction layer.

Set No.4Code No. N0504

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PLANT DESIGN AND ECONOMICS(Chemical Engineering)



1. What is HAZOP? Explain it by giving a case study in any process industry of yourchoice. [16]

2. Explain different items under service facilities contributing to xed capital invest-ment. [16]

3. Explain the modular estimate and unit-operation estimate methods in estimatingxed capital investment. [16]

4. Explain the following:

(a) Future worth

(b) Nominal Interest rate

(c) What will be the total amount available 10 years from now if Rs. 2,00,000 isdeposited at the present time with nominal interest at the rate of 10 percentcompounded semiannually? [5+5+6]

5. (a) Write abouti. Tax exemptions for dividends received

ii. Contributionsiii. Investment creditiv. Capital gains tax

(b) Write about the major insurance requirements for manufacturing concerns.[8+8]

6. (a) Describe the sum-of-the-years-digits method for determining depreciation, withan example.

(b) The total value of a new plant is Rs. 2,000,000. A certicate of necessity hasbeen obtained permitting a write-off of 60% of the initial value in 5 years. Thebalance of the plant requires a write-off period of 15 years. Using the straightline method and assuming negligible salvage and crap value, determine thetotal depreciation cost during the rst year. [8+8]

7. A company must purchase one reactor to be used in an overall operation. Fourreactors have been designed, all of which are equally capable of giving the requiresservice. The following data apply to the four designs:

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Code No: M0803/R05 Set No. 1Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Design 4

Fixed-capital investment Rs.10,000 Rs.12,000 Rs.14,000 Rs.16,000Sum of operating 3,000 2,800 2,350 2,100

and xed costs per year(all other costs are constant)

If the company demands a 15% return on any unnecessary investment, which of the four designs should be accepted? [16]

8. (a) What is optimum economic design? Illustrate the principles of an optimumeconomic design by means of an example.

(b) Describe the general procedure for optimizing a single variable, both analyti-cally and graphically. [8+8]

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1. Discuss the maintenance of accounting records. [16]

2. Explain the factors affecting Investment and production costs. [16]

3. A plant operating at 100% capacity has a net prot of Rs. 40,000 with a 38% prottax:

(a) If the xed costs are Rs. 1,10,000 and variable costs are 61% of the net sales.What is the break-even point? And

(b) If the variable costs are increased 10% per unit at operations above 100%capacity, what is the net prot for sales at 120% of capacity? [8+8]

4. (a) Interest effects in a small business

(b) Explain time value of money(c) Interest in a large business. [6+5+5]

5. (a) Give the three different types of classication of taxes and discuss about them

in detail.(b) Explain

i. Carry-back and carry-forward of lossesii. Excess prots tax

iii. Capital gains tax. [10+6]

6. (a) Distinguish between book value, market value and replacement value.

(b) The original investment for an asset was Rs. 10,000, and the asset was assumedto have a service life of 12 years with Rs. 2,000 salvage value at the end of service life. After the asset has been in use for 5 years, the remaining service life

and nal salvage value are reestimated at 10 years and Rs. 1000, respectively.Under these conditions, what is depreciation cost during the sixth year of thetotal life if straight line depreciation is used? [6+10]

7. A company has three alternative investments which are being considered. Becauseall three investments are of the same type of unit and yield the same service, onlyone of the investments can be accepted. The risk factors are the same for all threecases. Company policies, based on the current economic situation dictate that aminimum annual return on the original investment of 15% after taxes must bepredicted for any unnecessary investment with interest on investment not included

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Code No: M0803/R05 Set No. 2as a cost. (This may be assumed to mean that other equally sound investmentsyielding a 15% return after taxes are available) Company policies also dictate that,where applicable, straight-line depreciation is used and, for time value of moneyinterpretations, end-of-year cost and prot analysis is used. Land value and pre-startup costs can be ignored.Given the following data, determine which investment, if any, should be made byalternative-analysis protability-evaluation method of discounted cash ow.

In-vest- Total initial Working Salvage value Service Annual cash Annual cashment xed capital at end of life, ow to expensesnum -capital . investment, service years project (constant-ber - investment, Rs. life, after taxes, for

Rs. Rs. Rs. eachyear),

Rs.1 100,000 10,000 10,000 5 See yearly 44,000

tabulation*2 170,000 10,000 15,000 7 52,000 28,000

(constant)3 210,000 15,000 20,000 8 59,000 21,000

(constant)*For investment number 1, variable annual cash ow to project is:year 1 = Rs. 30,000, year 2 = Rs. 31,000, year 3 = Rs. 36,000, year 4 = Rs.40,000,year 5 = Rs. 43,000. [4+12] *For investment number 1, variable annual cash owto project is: year 1 = Rs. 30,000, year 2 = Rs. 31,000, year 3 = Rs. 36,000, year4 = Rs.40,000, year 5 = Rs. 43,000. [4+12]

8. Solve graphically:The objective function is to maximize 3x 1 + 4x 2 subject to the linear constraints o2x1 + 5x 2 104x1 + 3x 2 10x1 0, x2 0. [16]

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1. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of different types of heat exchangersused in chemical process industries. [16]

2. Write about the following:

(a) Cost index(b) Engineering news - record construction cost index(c) Chemical Engineering plant cost index. [5+5+6]

3. Describe the total manufacturing costs. [16]

4. (a) Interest effects in a small business(b) Explain time value of money(c) Interest in a large business. [6+5+5]

5. (a) Give the three different types of classication of taxes and discuss about themin detail.

(b) Explaini. Carry-back and carry-forward of losses

ii. Excess prots taxiii. Capital gains tax. [10+6]

6. (a) Distinguish between book value, market value and replacement value.(b) The original investment for an asset was Rs. 10,000, and the asset was assumed

to have a service life of 12 years with Rs. 2,000 salvage value at the end of service life. After the asset has been in use for 5 years, the remaining service lifeand nal salvage value are reestimated at 10 years and Rs. 1000, respectively.

Under these conditions, what is depreciation cost during the sixth year of thetotal life if straight line depreciation is used? [6+10]

7. (a) Discuss about capitalized costs method for determining protability.(b) A company has three alternative investments which are being considered. Be-

cause all three investments are of the same type of unit and yield the sameservice, only one of the investments can be accepted. The risk factors are thesame for all three cases. Company policies, based on the current economicsituation dictate that a minimum annual return on the original investmentof 15% after taxes must be predicted for any unnecessary investment with

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Code No: M0803/R05 Set No. 3interest on investment not included as a cost. (This may be assumed to meanthat other equally sound investments yielding a 15% return after taxes areavailable) Company policies also dictate that, where applicable, straight-linedepreciation is used and, for time value of money interpretations, end-of-yearcost and prot analysis is used. Land value and pre-startup costs can be ig-nored.Given the following data, determine which investment, if any, should be madeby alternative-analysis protability-evaluation method of capitalized costs.In-vest- Total initial Working Salvage value Service Annual cash Annual

ment xed capital at end of life, ow to cashnum -capital . investment, service years project expenses-ber - investment, Rs. life, after (constant

Rs. Rs. taxes, forRs. each

year),Rs.

1 100,000 10,000 10,000 5 See yearly 44,000tabulation*

2 170,000 10,000 15,000 7 52,000 28,000(constant)

3 210,000 15,000 20,000 8 59,000 21,000(constant)

*For investment number 1, variable annual cash ow to project is:year 1 = Rs. 30,000, year 2 = Rs. 31,000, year 3 = Rs. 36,000, year 4 =Rs.40,000, year 5 = Rs. 43,000. [4+12]

8. Discuss the following:

(a) Generalization of strategy for linear programming.(b) Solution of simultaneous equations using a slack variable. [8+8]

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1. Explain the different stages in the plant design? [16]

2. What are the utilites? Explain their role in chemical processing and what categorythe cost of utilities to be included? [16]

3. Discuss the following:

(a) Depreciation(b) Plant overhead costs

(c) Administrative costs

(d) Distribution and marketing costs. [4+4+4+4]


(a) Simple interest

(b) Compound interest

(c) Nominal and effective interest rates. [16]5. Self insurance is being considered for one portion of a chemical company. The

xed-capital investment involved is Rs. 2,50,000, and insurance costs for completeprotection would amount to Rs. 2,000 per year. If self insurance is used, a reservefund will be set up under the companys jurisdiction, and annual insurance premiumsof Rs. 1,500 would be deposited in this fund under an ordinary annuity plan. Allmoney in the fund can be assumed to earn interest at a compound annual rate of 5%. Neglecting any charges connected with administration of the fund, how muchmoney would be deposited in the fund at the beginning of he program in order tohave enough money accumulated to replace a complete Rs. 2,50,000 loss after 10years. [16]

6. (a) Derive the expression for the asset value by the sinking fund method. Com-pare the salient features of sinking fund method with straight line method fordetermining depreciation.

(b) The original cost of a property is Rs. 30,000, and it is depreciated by a 6%sinking fund method. What is the annual depreciation charge if the bookvalue of the property after 10 years is the same as if it had been depreciatedat Rs. 2,500 per year by the straight line method? [8+8]

7. (a) Explain rate of return on investment for protability analysis.

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Code No: M0803/R05 Set No. 4(b) An investigation of a proposed investment has been made. The following

result has been presented to management: The minimum payout period basedon capital recovery using a minimum annual return of 10% as a ctitiousexpense is 10 years; annual depreciation costs amount to 8% of the totalinvestment. Using this information, determine the standard rate of return onthe investment. [6+10]

8. (a) Discuss about the intangible and practical considerations in optimum design.

(b) Describe the general procedure for optimizing a single variable, both analyti-cally and graphically. [8+8]

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PC BASED INSTRUMENTATION(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)



1. What are the different components included on the motherboard of a PC. Drawtypical layout diagram of mother board and explain. [16]

2. (a) What are industrial signal controllers?

(b) What is SCXI? What are the appropriate analog inputs and digital I/O that

can be used with SCXI? [6+10]3. (a) Explain how a single character can be returned from the key board in C .Write

an example program.(b) Explain how a string of characters can be returned from the key board in C.

Write an example program. [8+8]

4. Discuss how relays are interfaced and controlled by PLC. [16]

5. (a) Explain programming of a PLC with an example.(b) Explain a ladder logic diagram. [10+6]

6. Write short notes on the following: [8+8](a) Cascading counters.

(b) Combining counter and timer circuits.

7. Explain PLC analog output applications with examples. [16]

8. Explain HART protocol operation with neat block diagram. [16]

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2. What is RS232C interface? Explain the advantages, limitations and specications.[16]

3. What is assembly language programming? Describe in detail the Advantages anddisadvantages of assembly language programming. [16]

4. Discuss the function of various transducers and sensors and explain how they areinterfaced to PLC CPU. [16]

5. Draw and explain the ladder diagram to represent:

(a) A light is to come on if there is no input to a sensor.(b) A motor is switches on by pressing a spring return push button start switch

and the motor remains on until another spring return push button stop switchis pressed. [8+8]

6. Explain the PLC MOVE function and its applications. [16]

7. Explain PLC analog output applications with examples. [16]

8. Explain the applications of the following in process industries: [8+8]

(a) Field bus

(b) HART protocol.

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1. Explain computer interfacing for data acquisition and control in process controlinstrumentation. [16]

2. (a) What are I/O devices in Data Acquisition and Control system? Explain thefunction of I/O devices in detail.

(b) What are the guide lines to be followed in selecting the data acquisition &control? [8+8]

3. Explain how loops and nested loops are implemented in C programming give anexample for each. [16]

4. Describe the PLC output control of motors and motor starters. [16]

5. (a) Explain programming of a PLC with an example.

(b) Explain a ladder logic diagram. [10+6]

6. Describe the PLC digital bit Control system. [16]

7. Explain the characteristics of a P+D controller with an example. [16]

8. (a) Dene state language programming of a PLC.

(b) Describe the four basic components of a step in a state language programming.[8+8]

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2. (a) What are industrial signal controllers?

(b) What is SCXI? What are the appropriate analog inputs and digital I/O that

can be used with SCXI? [6+10]3. Describe the how to use Conguration les and Device drivers in DOS. [16]

4. (a) what is the need for isolator? What type of isolator is used with PC basedinstruments?

(b) What is Sinking device and Sourcing device? How they are connected to powersupply. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain programming of a PLC with an example.(b) Explain a ladder logic diagram. [10+6]

6. Write short notes on the following PLC counters: [8+8](a) Up-counters.

(b) Down - counters.

7. Explain discrete and analog operation of a PLC with examples. [16]

8. Write short notes on the following: [8+8]

(a) Field bus.

(b) HART protocol.

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ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS( Common to Electronics & Control Engineering and Instrumentation &

Control Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


1. (a) Discuss about regulation of a quality variable in process control system.

(b) i. With an example, discuss about short period dynamics.ii. Write about certainity equivalence principle. [8+4+4]

2. (a) Explain the time varying parameters, in model description.(b) Discuss about nite impulse response models. [8+8]

3. Consider the systemG(s) = G 1 (s)G 2 (s)where G1 (s) = ps + q , G2 (s) =

rs + t , where p and q are unknown parameters and r

and t are known. Construct discrete time direct and indirect self tuning algorithmsfor a partially known system. [16]

4. Explain the design procedure of minimum variance and moving average controllers.Illustrate these controllers with suitable example. [16]

5. (a) Check whether the transfer function G(s) = s2

+6 s +8s 2 +4 s +8 is SPR.(b) Explain how SPR for a system can be tested using Kalman-Yakubovich lemma.

[8+8]

6. Show how Lyapunovs theory can be used to derive stable MRAS for linear systems.[16]

7. Consider a process described the transfer function G(s)= k1+ s e sL . Obtain the

amplitude margin for the system and show that it is identical to the setting obtainedby applying Zieler-Nichols rule. [16]

8. Explain in detail any two applications of gain scheduling. [16]

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1. (a) With an example, explain the variations in disturbance characteristics in adap-tive control system.

(b) Write about the different types of controller structures.

(c) Write the different steps involved in construction of an adaptive control sys-tem. [6+5+5]

2. (a) With an example, discuss briey how the precision of the estimate dependson the state of growth of regression vector.

(b) Discuss about statistical properties of least square estimation. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain self tuning regulator with the help of a block diagram.

(b) Discuss about minimum degree pole placement design with an algorithm.[8+8]

4. (a) Explain the properties of minimum variance and moving average self tuners.

(b) Explain about linear quadratic STR. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain Lyapunov stability. Also explain positive denite and semi denitefunctions

(b) Explain the methods for constructing Lyapunov functions. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the adaptation of a feed forward gain.

(b) Describe the Error model of the form = G (P ) T (t ) ( 0 ) . [8+8]

7. (a) Dene and explain the method of describing function.

(b) Prove that =T/ 2

0

e As dsB in a linear system with relay control. [8+8]

8. (a) Describe gain scheduling

(b) Explain the working principle of gain scheduling. [8+8]

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1. (a) Explain the following:

i. Process descriptionii. MIT rule.

(b) Write about different types of controller structures. [4+4+8]2. (a) Explain briey the recursive least squares estimation.

(b) Differentiate between recursive least square estimation and extended leastsquare estimation. [8+8]

3. Consider the system G(s) = G 1(s) G2(s)where G1(s)=

b

(s + a ) ;G2(s)=c

(s + d ) , a and b are unknown parameters and c and dare known. Construct discrete time direct self tuning algorithm for the partiallyknown system. [16]

4. (a) Explain, how minimum variance controller can be interpreted as pole place-

ment controller.(b) Discuss about non-minimum phase systems. [8+8]

5. (a) State and prove Lyapunov stability theorem for time invariant systems.

(b) Explain methods for nding Lyapunov functions. [8+8]

6. With suitable explain diagram the MRAS for a rst-order system. [16]

7. (a) Dene and explain the method of describing function.

(b) Consider a system with relay feed in a relay auto-tuner with G(s)= ks (s +1)( s + )where k = 5, = 10, d = 1 and u c = 0. Obtain the value of ultimae period

T u , by describing function method. [8+8]8. Explain in detail any two applications of gain scheduling. [16]

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(a) MIT rule

(b) Hyper state

(c) Underlying design problem(d) Certainty equivalence principle. [4+4+4+4]

2. Consider the following model of time varying parameters:(t) = V (t 1) + V (t )Y (t) = T (t) (t) + e(t)where V(t), t = 1,2, and e(t), t = 1,2, are sequences of independent, equally distrib-uted random vectors with zero mean values and covariance R 1 and R 2 respectively.Show that the recursive estimates of are given by

(t) =

(t 1) + K (t){y(t) T (t)

(t 1)}K(t) = V P(t-1) (t-1) (R 2 + T ((t-1) P(t-1) (t-1)) 1

P(t) = V P(t-1) T V +R 1 - V P (t-1)(t)(R 2 + T ((t)P(t-1) (t)) 1 + T (t)P(t-1) T V .[16]

3. Consider the systemG(s) = G 1 (s)G 2 (s)where G1 (s) = ps + q , G2 (s) =

rs + t , where p and q are unknown parameters and r

and t are known. Construct discrete time direct and indirect self tuning algorithmsfor a partially known system. [16]

4. (a) Explain indirect LQG-STR algorithm based on spectral factorization.

(b) Explain about indirect LQG-STR algorithm based on the Ricatti equation.

[8+8]5. (a) State and explain Lyapunov stability.

(b) State and prove Lyapunov stability theorem for time varying systems. [6+10]


(a) Augmented error

(b) MRAS using Lyapunov rule(c) Positive real transfer function

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Code No: N1301/R05 Set No. 4(d) Kalman-Yakubovich lemma. [4+4+4+4]

7. (a) Describe the function of realistic PID regulator.

(b) What are the several ways of auto tuning? [8+8]

8. (a) Gain scheduling can be regarded as adaptive controllers Justify.

(b) Gain scheduling can be used to compensate non-linearities - Discuss. [8+8]

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ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL FULID DYNAMICS

(Aeronautical Engineering )Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any Five Questions


*******

1. Which averaging approach would you recommend for periodically forced unsteady

flows?

2. Discuss briefly Leap frog and dufort-frankel scheme.

3. Plot and explain application of the Lax-Wendroff method to the inviscid Burgers

Equation.

4. Write short notes on computing separated flows using the boundary layer equations?

5. Distinguish between simple transformation and generalized transformation?

6. Explain in detail the generalized coordinate approach the boundary layer for internal

of external flows?

7. Consider the Ordinary Differential equation

Determine the leading term of the local truncation error for this method?

8. In a flow generated by the incompressible boundary layer equation, it is often said

that the Reynolds number is of the order of 1/ 2. What is the basis for this statement?


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ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL FULID DYNAMICS

(Aeronautical Engineering )Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80



*******

1. Discuss briefly the Crank Nicholson scheme applicable to the boundary layer

equations.2. Explain vortex panel method with the help of an example.

3. What is potential flow? Derive an equation for a potential flow past a symmetric

object.

4. Using vonNewmann stability analysis show that the first order upwind scheme is

stable for time step

5. Explain the difference between the following terms

(a) Consistency and Convergence

(b) Roundoff errors and Truncation errors

(c) Shock point and parabolic point

(d) Rotational Flow and Separational flow

6. What is geometric conservation law? Explain with an example. Mention its

advantages.

7. Explain Crank Napoleon algorithm. Formulate Numerical solution for the unsteady,

incompressible and coutte flow.

8.

Solve the poissons equation using Finite Difference method.


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ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL FULID DYNAMICS(Aeronautical Engineering )




*******

1. Find one of the roots of the following equation with your method of choice.f(x)=x+12/tanx, the relative error in the root, between consecutive steps, should beless than 10 -6

2. Write exact linear stability condition for wave equation using Lax-Wendroff method

3. Using a Navier-Stokes formulation, derive the set of governing first order, non-lineardifferential equations and interpret the physical meaning of the internal structure of anormal shock wave. Consider appropriate limiting cases.

4. Define terms stability, consistency and convergence? Briefly discuss the stabilityanalysis with an example.

5. The unsteady motion due to the impulsive acceleration of an infinite flat plate in aviscous incompressible fluid is known as the Rayleigh problem and may be solved

exactly. The equation that governs the velocity distribution is where is

the kinematic viscosity. This equation is subject to the boundary conditions u(0,y)=0u(t,0)=U t>0 u(t, ) =0 [NOTE: If the flow is 2-D, only the velocity component

parallel to the plate will be nonzero ]

6. What is Reiman invariant equation? Explain the terms in detail.

7. Explain shock capturing methods and briefly discuss about the transonic shocks.

8. Discuss typical travelling problem for Burgers Equation


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ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL FULID DYNAMICS(Aeronautical Engineering )




*******

1. Considering N-S equations in Cartesian co-ordinates without body forces as

Derive time-split procedure using explicit McCormack method.

2. Derive the Boundary Layer equations for a compressible fluid flow.

3. Using mac-cromach scheme and Dirichlet boundary conditions solve Burgersequation.

4. Discuss LaxWandroff technique to solve hyperbolic PDE

5. Why turbulence models are used? Explain about two equation turbulence modelsbriefly.

6. Discuss continuity and momentum equation with Boundary layer approximation forsteady incompressible flow.

7. Using the conservation principles, derive the governing equation for the unsteadypotential flow of a compressible, inviscid gas over a two-dimensional body.

8. Using the method of characteristics to obtain the nozzle flow equations


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BIO SENSORS AND BIO ELECTRONICS(Bio-Technology)



1. Narrate the various likely factors contribute for the biological material stabilizationin biosensors..

[16]

2. What are immuno sensors and detail about the steps involved in detecting pollu-tants in water by continuous ow ber optic immuno sensors?

[16]

3. What is chronoamperometric technique?. How detectable chemicals of interest canbe intercalate into DNA and measured for concentration of genotoxic compounds.

[16]

4. Write the principle involved and fabrication of mechanical transducers. [16]

5. Give details about the estimation of creatinine in human serum using electropoly-merised perm selective lms. [16]

6. Explain how impedimetric nano structured DNA based biosensors measures the

extent of DNA damage by various environment pollutants. .[16]

7. What are hairpin motifs? Explain their structural organization and mention theirrole in biocomputer assembly.

[16]

8. Explain the projections made by Creative Strategies International (CSI) for marketeconomics of photonic biomolecular computers.

[16]

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1. Mention the factors which govern the performance and efficiency of biosensing de-vice.

[16]

2. What are microbial sensors? Explain the construction and operation of microbialsensors with suitable examples.

[16]

3. Illustrate with suitable examples the operation of various calorimetric transducerssystem for analyzing wide range of analytes.

[16]

4. Describe the fabrication of carbon paste electrode used in biosensors.[16]

5. Write the mechanism of oxidative damage to DNA by hazardous compounds. [16]

6. Write about the determination of organ phosphorous pesticides Fenitrothion using

microbial based oxygen electrode.[16]

7. Mention several optimistic and pessimistic reasons of using DNA as molecular arrayand memory stores in biocomputational system.

[16]

8. Explain how the ipping of bactriorhodopsin could serve as memory stores underphotogenic conditions in biocomputers.

[16]

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1. (a) Explain the principle involved in biosensors.

(b) Give an account of electronic nose.[8+8]

2. Detail then various methods available for estimating the precision, accuracy and

stability of enzyme sensors. [16]

3. Write in detail about various types of optical transducers and explain the principleof optical transducer based on their function.

[16]

4. Give details about the fabrication and working of surface transverse wave (STW)transducers. [16]

5. Explain how the concentration herbicides in plants can be estimated through quartzmicro ber lter in optical biosensors. [16]

6. Give an account of potential applications of biosensors technology in analyzingvarious metabolites in food industry.

[16]

7. Explain the three step process of realized molecular implementation for a conceptualdynamic function.

[16]

8. Describe in detail the two light photosynthetic light systems themselves useful asprocessor in photonic biomolecular computers.

[16]

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1. (a) Write in detail about several stability problems encountered during the oper-ation of enzyme based biosensors.

(b) Dene shelf-stability and explain how one can improve the shelf-stability of biological material during the process of detection . [8+8]

2. Describe in detail the following:(a) Immuno sensors based on label-free format.

(b) Importance of imaging ellipsometry system for pathogen detection.[8+8]

3. Give an account of various advantages and limitations of amperometric transducersystem.

[16]

4. Write in detail about the construction and operation of surface acoustic wave (SAW)transducers. [16]

5. Explain in detail about the estimation of glucose by electrochemical biosensors inblood samples from diabetics. [16]

6. Explain in detail the detection of air pollutants by using microbial biosensors.[16]

7. Explain in detail the strategies for development of bio molecular computers. [16]

8. Discuss in detail high complex behavior of photonic biocomputers systems basedon non linear dynamic mechanism.

[16]

Date post:	10-Apr-2018
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