Advanced Developmental

Psychology

PSY 620PJanuary 22, 2015

Discussion Leader Assignments

Thursday, January 29

Fraley, R. C., Roisman, G. I., & Haltigan, J. D. (2013). The legacy of early experiences in development: Formalizing alternative models of how early experiences are carried forward over time. Dev Psychol, 49(1), 109-126. Sunni1

  Adolph, K. E., S. R. Robinson, et al. (2008). "

What is the shape of developmental change?" Psychological Review 115(3): 527-543. Mike1

Brody, G. H., Chen, Y-F., Murry, V. M., Ge, X., Simons, R. L., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Cutrona, C. E. (2006). Perceived discrimination and the adjustment of African American youths: A five-year longitudinal analysis with contextual moderation effects. Child Development, 77, 1170-1189. BreAnne1

Oller DK, Niyogi P, Gray S, Richards JA, Gilkerson J, Xu D, Yapanel U, Warren SF: Automated vocal analysis of naturalistic recordings from children with autism, language delay, and typical development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010, 107:13354-13359. Carolyn1

February 5th – The biological basis of behavior and development

 Champagne, F. A., & Mashoodh, R. (2009). Genes in Context Gene–Environment Interplay and the Origins of Individual Differences in Behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(3), 127-131. ruth

  Shaw, P., Greenstein, D., Lerch, J., Clasen, L., Lenroot, R., Gogtay

, N., Evans, A., Rapoport, J., & Giedd, J. (2006). Intellectual ability and cortical development in children and adolescents. Nature, 440, 676-679. ashley

  Uddin, L. Q., Supekar, K., & Menon, V. (2013). Reconceptualizing

functional brain connectivity in autism from a developmental pe rspective. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00458 emily

  Chen, E., Cohen, S., & Miller, G. E. (2010). How low socioeconomi

c status affects 2-year hormonal trajectories in children. Psychological Science, 21, 31-37. kelly

Culture and Peer Interactions (Chen, 2012)

How is culture transmitted to a developing child? Emphasis on social mediation

CulturePeer

Interactions

Social Developme

nt

CultureSocio-

emotional developm

ent

Peer Interactions

Culture and Peer Interactions (Chen, 2012)

Culture and Peer Interactions (Chen, 2012)

Chen, Wang, & DeSouza, 2006

Culture and Peer Interactions (Chen, 2012)

What are some unique aspects of culture transmitted via peer interactions vs. other types of socialization experiences?

Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese Children

Behavioral Inhibition (BI) tendency to exhibit vigilance, anxiety, and

wariness in response to unfamiliar or challenging situations

stable temperamental factor that affects up to 15% of typically developing children (Fox et al., 2005)

Developmental outcomes of BI in North America in Western cultures, has been associated with

socioemotional and school difficulties, social anxiety, and depression

Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese Children (cont)

Mechanisms leading to negative outcomes? Caregiver attitudes (e.g., rejection, disapproval) Responses of caregivers, teachers Lack of peer acceptance Negative self-perceptions

Cross-cultural similarities in behavioral patterns But does BI have same significance in different

cultural contexts?

Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese Children (cont)

Hypotheses Inhibition will be positively associated

with: ▪ Cooperative behavior▪ Peer integration and social status▪ Positive school attitudes▪ School competence

Inhibition will be negatively associated with:▪ Antagonistic behavior▪ School problems

Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese Children

Measures

2 years Behavioral Inhibition

▪ Observational paradigm – single composite score▪ Child plays with toys while mom fills out questionnaire in

same room▪ Clean up▪ Unfamiliar woman enters, plays with novel toys, and

encourages child to join play▪ Similar situation repeated

Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese Children

7 years Peer Interaction Paradigm (Quartets)

▪ Cooperative Behavior▪ Antagonistic Behavior

Social Adjustment▪ Child-rated peer liking▪ Child-perceived social integration

School Adjustment▪ School attitudes (child)▪ School competence (teacher)▪ Learning problems (teacher)▪ Distinguished studentship

Age 2 inhibition predicts age 7 outcome

Predictive Associations

Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese Children

Study Limitations?

BI has also been linked to higher morning cortisol, higher startle response, and elevated morning cortisol (Degnan, Alams, & Fox, 2010). Are these physiological differences a function of BI or of parental/environmental/cultural responses to BI?

How generalizable do you think the findings are… At other times (vs. 1994-1999)? To other regions?

What other measures would you collect?

Parenting Style and Child Adjustment

Previous findings suggest ethnic differences within North American sample in relations among harsh parenting and child adjustment? Proposed mechanism accounting for differences?

▪ Rohner’s (1986) parental acceptance-rejection theory▪ Grusec and Goodnow’s Framework▪ What is missing- how culture might affect the way children make

these judgments

Fig 1; Lansford et al., 2005

Parenting Style and Child Adjustment (cont)

Criteria used to select participating countries:

Individualistic vs. collectivist orientation Predominant religious affiliation Notable legal action involving parental discipline Historical, ideological, and other distinctions between

groups in these countries

*Aim was to select groups varying along dimensions affecting parent/child relationships and parental discipline

Parenting Style and Child Adjustment (cont)

Mothers’ self-reports of own use of physical discipline- similar patterns found for perceptions of normativeness by mothers and children- differed between countries

Figure 2, Lansford et al.

Parenting Style and Child Adjustment (cont)

Is there evidence that normativeness moderates the association between physical discipline and adjustment?

Figure 5, Lansford et al.

Does normativeness moderate association between physical discipline and adjustment?

Figure 5, Lansford et al.

By country

“In the anthropology literature, there are many examples of parental behaviors that appear to have no detrimental effects on children’s adjustment, despite the perception in other cultural contexts that these behaviors would be harmful to children.” (p. 1242)

Parenting Style and Child Adjustment (cont)

What additional information would you like to see?

Reviews positive influence of peer play on academic and social outcomes for African American preschool children Previous research mostly on white & middle-

income children Resilience-oriented framework Developmental ecological theory

Within-group variability Transactional and bidirectional effects

Usher

Interactive peer play Play dimensions in African American

children: Play interaction Play disruption Play disconnection

Resilient Peer Treatment & Evident-based Program for Integrated Curricula

Usher

Interactive Peer Play

Academic/Social-

Emotional Outcomes

Behavior Problems

Interactive Peer Play cont.

Social competency in other ethnic groups Latino subgroups Asian subgroups

Continued support of positive peer interactions beyond preschool How does this fit into our current

education system?

Frechette