Date post: | 19-Dec-2015 |
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Psychiatric Disorder is common
25% of general population 40-50% of general practice population Psychosocial Issues more common in
women Depression becoming more common in
younger men
HOW IS PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENT? No External Validation What is Normalcy? Culture Interview is a key skill
HOW DO YOU ARRIVE AT PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS? ESTABLISH RAPPORT OBTAIN INFORMATION ASSESS FOR PSYCHIATRIC SIGNS COMPARE PRESENT FUNCTIONING
WITH DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE GOALS
ANALYSE
Diagnosis: When to explore further? Unexplained multiple somatic symptoms Multiple visits Biological Symptoms Irritability Hopelessness Fatigue A depressed look
MINOR DISORDERS
ANXIETY Apprehension about future, On the edge, Somatic Symptoms,
Avoidance DEPRESSION Sustained Change of Mood, Inability to enjoy, Negative
Cognitions, Lack of Interest, Sleep and Appetite Disturbance OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER Repetitive intrusive thoughts recognized to be absurd have to
be controlled by either doing something or avoiding something
DISORDER OF SEXUAL FUNCTION
HOW TO ANALYSE?
WHAT ARE THE AREAS OF DISTURBANCE? IN WHAT AREA IS THE KEY
DISTURBANCE? WHAT AREA DID THE DISTURBANCE
START FROM? WHAT AREA IS THE MOST DISTRESSING? ARE THERE ANY CAUSATIVE
RELATIONSHIPS?
HISTORY
I/D CHIEF COMPLAINTS IN
CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER HOPI SPONTANEOUS CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT COMPLETE THE SYNDROME NEGATIVE HISTORY TREATMENT HISTORY
HISTORY
PAST PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY PAST MEDICAL HISTORY FAMILY HISTORY PERSONAL HISTORY BIRTH CHILDHOOD ADULT RELATIONSHIPS WORK LEISURE PRESENT LIVING CIRCUMTANCES PRESENT FAMILY
BASICS
ALWAYS TRY TO EXPLAIN ALL SYMPTOMS WITH ONE DIAGNOSIS/HYPOTHESIS
BUT CO-MORBIDITY IS A REALITY CONSIDER A DIAGNOSIS OF PERSONALITY
DISORDER IF THERE IS NO CLEAR CUT ONSET/ THERE ARE PATTERNS IN INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
BASICS
RULE OUT LEARNING DISORDER RULE OUT ORGANIC DIAGNOSIS RULE OUT SUBSTANCE ABUSE RULE OUT MOOD DISORDER RULE OUT SCHIZOPHRENIA CONSIDER MINOR PSYCHIATRIC
DISORDER
How to explore?
Active Listening Explore triggers and patterns in
psychosocial context Do not ask why Do not suggest that symptoms are
functional Look out for key symptoms
Depression is treatable
Antidepressants and not benzodiazepines Adequate dosages Adequate time When to refer?
Which antidepressant?
Conventional Least side effects Same as the one that worked last time Different from the ones which have already
been tried without a positive result Explore causes of non response
Is psychotherapy possible at the level of general practice? Yes What methods? Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Supportive Therapy
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
We Think We Feel We Act If we change the way we think we can
change the way we act
How to change thinking?
Identify negative thoughts Identify patterns in them Learn methods of challenging the patterns Replace these with lesser negative thoughts