Date post: | 28-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | anastasia-daniella-pope |
View: | 221 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Psychoanalytic Perspective“first comprehensive theory of personality”
(1856-1939)
University of Vienna 1873Voracious Reader
Medical School Graduate
Specialized in NervousDisorders
Some patients’ disordersSome patients’ disordershad no physical cause!had no physical cause!
Psychoanalytic Perspective“first comprehensive theory of personality”
Q: What caused neurologicalsymptoms in patients with no
neurological problems?
UnconsciousHypnosis
FreeAssociation
“Psychoanalysis”
The Unconscious“the mind is like an iceburg - mostly hidden”“the mind is like an iceburg - mostly hidden”
Conscious Awarenesssmall part above surface
(Preconscious)
Unconsciousbelow the surface
(thoughts, feelings,wishes, memories)
Repressionbanishing unacceptablethoughts & passions to
unconsciousDreams & Slips
Freud & Personality Structure“Personality arises from conflict twixt agressive,pleasure-seeking impulses and social restraints”
Satisfactionwithout the guilt?
Ego SuperEgo
Id
Freud & Personality StructureId - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives
Pleasure Principle
Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic waysReality Principle
Super Ego- voice of consciencethat focuses on howwe ought to behave
Ego SuperEgo
Id
Freud & Personality Development“personality forms during the first few years of life,rooted in unresolved conflicts of early childhood”
“personality forms during the first few years of life,rooted in unresolved conflicts of early childhood”
Psychosexual StagesOral (0-18 mos) - centered on the mouthAnal (18-36 mos) - focus on bowel/bladder elim.Phallic (3-6 yrs) - focus on genitals/“Oedipus Complex”
(Identification & Gender Identity)Latency (6-puberty) - sexuality is dormantGenital (puberty on) - sexual feelings toward others
Strong conflict can fixate an individual at Stages 1,2 or 3
PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
SEX:
LIBIDO:
EROGENOUS ZONE:An Area Of The Body On Which Sexual Energy Is Concentrated (An area of the body that brings pleasure)
Something That Brings Bodily Pleasure (Not only genital)
Sexual Energy
FREUDIAN CONCEPTS
• GENITAL
• LATENCY
• PHALLIC (OEDIPAL)
• ANAL
• ORAL
• SUPEREGO
• EGO
• ID
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENTPERSONALITY CONSTRUCTS
FREUDIAN ASSUMPTIONS1. Are people active or passive?
Passive??
2. What is the relationship between learning and development?
3. How do people change?Maturational
3. What motivates people?ID—pleasure principle
5. How important is behavior?We know nothing from behavior. We need to understand what motivates the behavior.
6. How important is thinking?Conflict free sphere of the ego.
7. How important are emotions?Vitally Important. The theory is one of emotional developmental.
STAGE CHARACTERISTICS • Each stage is named for the area of the
body on which sexual energy (libido) is
centered during that stage.
• The stages are sequential, but they are
NOT hierarchical.
• Regression to and fixation at a stage can occur.
IDID• is innate
• is motivated by pleasure
• is the source of libidinal energy
• contains basic drives: hunger, thirstaggression, anger, destruction
• contains no logic or rational thoughts, just DESIRES
EGO• Develops as the Id comes into contact with reality
•Governed by the reality principle
• uses reasoning in order to come to conclusions
• serves as a check on the Id--delays actions until they are “reasonable.”
SUPEREGOSUPEREGO• Develops as a result of internalizing parental standards and values
• Has two aspects:
Conscience Ego Ideal
CONSCIENCE(SUPEREGO)
Tells us what NOT to do and punishes us if we do something wrong by making us have feelings of...
GUILT
EGO IDEAL(SUPEREGO)
Tells us what to do. It is the POSITIVE aspect of the superego.
• Provides goals for life
• Is the source of ideals
Defense MechanismsId
SuperEgo
Ego
When the inner wargets out of hand, theresult is Anxiety
Ego protects itself viaDefense Mechanisms
Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms reduce/redirectanxiety by distorting reality
• Repression - banishes certain thoughts/feelings from consciousness (underlies all other defense mechanisms)
• Regression - retreating to earlier stage of fixateddevelopment
• Reaction Formation - ego makes unacceptable impulses appear as their opposites
• Projection - attributes threatening impulses to others• Rationalization - generate self-justifying
explanations to hide the real reasons for our actions• Displacement - divert impulses toward a more
acceptable object• Sublimation - transform unacceptable impulse into
something socially valued
Defense Mechanisms
The Humanistic Perspective
Maslow’sMaslow’sSelf-ActualizingSelf-Actualizing
PersonPerson
Roger’sRoger’sPerson-CenteredPerson-Centered
PerspectivePerspective
“Healthy” rather than “Sick”Individual as greater than the sum of test scores
Maslow & Self-Actualization
Physiological
Safety
Love Needs
Esteem
Self-Actualizationthe process of fufilling our potential
• Studied healthy, creative people• Abe Lincoln, Tom Jefferson &
Eleanor Roosevelt• Self-Aware & Self-Accepting• Open & Spontaneous• Loving & Caring• Problem-Centered not Self-Centered
Roger’s Person-Centered PerspectivePeople are basically goodwith actualizing tendencies.
Given the right environmentalconditions, we will develop
to our full potentials
Genuineness, Acceptance, Empathy
Self ConceptSelf Concept - central featureof personality (+ or -)
Personal Control
Internal Locus of ControlInternal Locus of ControlYou pretty much control your own destiny
External Locus of ControlExternal Locus of ControlLuck, fate and/or powerful others control your destiny
Methods of StudyMethods of Study• Correlate feelings of control with behaviorCorrelate feelings of control with behavior• Experiment by raising/lowering people’s sense ofExperiment by raising/lowering people’s sense ofcontrol and noting effectscontrol and noting effects