Psychologically Informed Education Video Reduces Maladaptive Beliefs in Adolescents with Patellofemoral Pain.
Mitchell Selhorst, DPT, OCS; Jessica Hoehn PhD; Todd Degenhart PT,Laura Schmitt PT, PhD; Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez, PT, DPT, PhD
Prevalence of Patellofemoral
Pain (PFP)
Not That Easy
80% completing rehab
still report pain
91%report persistent or
recurring pain that lasts for
years.
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Maladaptive Psychological
Beliefs and PFP
• Pain-Related Fear and Pain Catastrophizing
associated with greater pain and dysfunction
• Change in these maladaptive beliefs are
associated with positive clinical outcomes
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Study Objective
• The purpose of this study was to test the
hypothesis that a brief psychologically-
informed educational video can reduce
maladaptive psychological beliefs in
adolescents with patellofemoral joint
dysfunction.
Methods
• Prospective case series of 20 adolescents
• Nationwide Children’s Hospital PT clinics
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Inclusion Criteria
– Age 12- 17 years
– reported pain around or behind the patella,
which was aggravated by at least one activity
that loads the patellofemoral joint during
weight bearing on a flexed knee (e.g.,
squatting, stair ambulation, jogging/running,
hopping/jumping)
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Exclusion Criteria
1) prior patellar dislocation,
2) suspicion of other diagnosis of the knee
3) other concomitant injury of the lower
quarter
4) previous surgery in the lower quarter,
5) neurologic or developmental disorder
which alters lower extremity function.
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
PAIN RELATED FEAR
PAIN CATASTROPHIZING
Intervention
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Primary Outcome Measures
Psychological Beliefs
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire-Physical
Activity Subscale
Kinesiophobia-Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale-11
Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Child version
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Secondary Outcome Measures
Highest Pain
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Function
Anterior Knee Pain Scale
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Sample Size
A priori calculations determined a sample
size of 20 necessary
Alpha= 0.05
Beta= 0.20
MCID of FABQ-PA=25%
Standard deviation=5.8
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Data Analysis
Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance
Pre-educational intervention, Post-educational intervention,
and 2 weeks later
Baseline CharacteristicsAll Patients
(n=20)
Age (years) 14.1 ± 2.4
Sex (% female) 10 (50%)
Body mass index (kg/m2) 22.4 ± 4.4
Duration of symptoms (weeks) 12 (6-25)
Bilateral knee pain (% yes) 6 (30%)
Participates in organized sport (% yes) 19 (95%)
Tegner Activity Level 7.5 ± 1.7
Highest pain in past 24 hours (0-10 NPRS) 4.0 ± 2.4
Anterior Knee Pain Scale 76.9 ± 13.3
12
7.9
5.5
Pre Post 2 weeks
Fear Avoidance (FABQ-PA)
32%
54%
Meaningful change
observed immediately
(p <0.01)
22.1
17.4
14.7
Pre Post 2 weeks
Kinesiophobia(TSK-11)
22%
33%
Meaningful change
observed at 2 weeks
(p <0.01)
14.3
10.7
7.6
Pre Post 2 weeks
Pain Catastrophizing(PCS-Child)
26%
47%
Meaningful change
observed immediately
(p <0.01)
Change in Function
76.9
88.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Pre 2 week
Change in Highest Pain
4
1.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
Pre 2 week
Discussion
Psychologically-informed education, when
presented appropriately can be effective and
understood in young patients
PAIN-RELATED FEAR+
PAIN CATASTROPHIZING
What does this mean
It is unclear how this education effects pain
and function
– Disagreement in literature
– Never assessed in PFP
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Study Limitations
No control group
-immediate reassessment reduces potential
confounders
Participated in PT after study session
-No specific pain science or psych education
-Changes in pain in function cannot be
attributed to video with current design
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Next Step-in progress
Randomized Controlled Trial
Psychologically-Informed Education
v.s.
Biomedical Education
Assessing Function, Pain, and Physical Performance
………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Clinical Relevance
Incorporating a brief one-time education
video into standard physical therapy care
can significantly reduce maladaptive
psychological beliefs in adolescents with
patellofemoral joint dysfunction
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