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Emotions
Nikhita Iyer
Elementary Responses to a stimulus, include: Physiological arousal Expressive behaviors Conscious experience Mood – overall feeling one has that lasts
for an extended time frame
Basic
Fear, surprise, anger, disgust, happiness, sadness
Basic emotions are innate (inborn) and “hard-wired”
Complex emotions are a blend of many aspects of emotions
Classified along two dimensions Pleasant or unpleasant Level of activation or arousal associated with
the emotion
Purpose Can move us to act, triggering motivated
behavior Help us to set goals, but emotional states can
also be goals in themselves. Influences rational decision making and
purposeful behavior. Emotional intelligence is the capacity to
understand and manage your own emotional experiences and to perceive, comprehend, and respond appropriately to the emotional responses of others.
Theories
James-Lange Theory Event causes physiological arousal first
and then we interpret this arousal. Only after our interpretation of the
arousal can we experience emotion. If the arousal is not noticed or is not
given any thought, then we will not experience any emotion based on this event
Cannon-Bard Theory We experience physiological arousal &
emotional at the same time, But gives no attention to the role of
thoughts or outward behavior.
Schachter-Singer Theory An event causes physiological arousal
first. You must then identify a reason for this
arousal and then you are able to experience and label the emotion.
Lazarus Theory A thought must come before any
emotion or physiological arousal. In other words, you must first think
about your situation before you can experience an emotion.
Facial Feedback Theory Emotion is the experience of changes in
our facial muscles. In other words, when we smile, we then
experience pleasure, or happiness. When we frown, we then experience sadness.
It is the changes in our facial muscles that cue our brains and provide the basis of our emotions.
Just as there are an unlimited number of muscle configurations in our face, so to are there a seemingly unlimited number of emotions.
Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System The part of the autonomic nervous system that
arouses the body to deal with perceived threats Fight or flight response
Parasympathetic Nervous System The part of the autonomic nervous system that
calms the body Brings the body back down to a relaxed state
Autonomic Nervous System
School Of Thought Psychology has multiple perspectives
Psychodynamic Behavioral Cognitive Social Learning
Psychodynamic Perspective
Focus: How behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavior is explained through unconscious motivation and unresolved inner conflicts from one’s childhood.
Modern version of psychoanalytic perspective (Sigmund Freud)
Behavioral Perspective Focus: How we learn through rewards,
punishments, and observation View of behavior based on experience or
learning
Cognitive Perspective Focus: On how people think and process
information Behavior is explained by how a person
interprets the situation How is knowledge acquired, organized,
remembered, and used to guide behavior?
Focus: How thinking and behavior change depending on the setting or situation
Behavior is explained by the influence of other people present
Cross culture also is a heavy influence
Social Learning Perspective
Applications Lie detectors Brain fingerprinting