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1. What is Trephining
• Original “treatment” for mental disorders.
• Thought patients were possessed by demons and drilled holes to let demons out.
• Worked because people were scared enough to “snap” back into normal
2. What is the definition of insanity?
• mental illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior.
• Cannot distinguish right from wrong.
3. Factors to determine abnormal behavior?
• Distress• Maladaptiveness• Irrationality• Unpredictability• Unconventional or undesirable
4. Common methods used to treat mental disorders
• Drugs – Traditionally only work to get rid of or control symptoms but often don’t treat the actual disorder.
• Therapy – Various forms of therapy seek to figure out the cause and get the patient to work through it which treats the disorder.
5. Rosenhans Study
• Proved the criteria for establishing mental illness is fuzzy.
• Demonstrated problems with psychiatric hospitals
• Showed bias present in mental health diagnosis
6. Dissociative Disorders
• Characterized by episodes during which patients are unable to recall important personal information. These episodes of forgetfulness are too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
• Psychogenic Fugue, Psychogenic Amnesia, Dissociative Identity Disorder, Depersonalization Disorder
7. Fugue vs. Amnesia
• Fugue: memory loss takes the form of lost sense of identity.
• During fugue, people have no memory of past lives but regain it quickly when the state passes.
• Amnesia: pervasive memory loss related to a specific event or events.
8. Examples of DID
• Different clothing or food choices• Different likes and dislikes• Different speech patterns or accents• Different allergies or reaction• Different genders
9. Depersonaliziation Disorder
• Dissociative Disorder in which the sufferer has strong feelings of being outside their physical or mental body.
10. Somatoform Disorders
• Characterized by the repeated presentation of physical symptoms in spite of negative findings and reassurances by doctors that the symptoms have no physical basis.
• Hypocondriasis and Conversion Disorder
11 & 12. Disorders
• Conversion Disorder: Paralysis, weakness or loss of function or sensation with no discernible physical cause.
• Hypocondriasis: A persistent worry about being sick. Every ache, pain or cough signals a serious disease.
13. Mood Disorders
• Mood disorders are clinical conditions characterized by a disturbance of mood or persistent emotional states that affect how a person acts, thinks and perceives his or her environment.
• Major Depression, Bipolar
14. Depression vs. Major Depression
• Major Depression- a severe depressive disorder in which the person may show loss of appetite, psychomotor behaviors, an impaired reality testing.
• Depression – Temporary feelings of sadness or lack of positive outlook.
16. Groups
• 2X as high for white American than African Americans
• 1 in 4 Native American teens• Physicians, lawyers, and psychologists• Elderly- nearly twice the national rate• College students – leading cause of
death.
17. Suicide Myths
• Only about 20% for attention• 75% of successful suicide made
previous attempts• Not necessarily “insane”, rather loss
of hope
19. Types of Bipolar
• Bipolar I – has both phases but tend to be more in mania
• Bipolar II – has both but tend to spend more time in depression
20. Anxiety Disorders
• Mental and physical manifestations of anxiety not attributable to real danger.
• Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, phobias
21. Phobias• a phobia is an irrational and excessive
fear of an object or situation.
• Three types:– Social phobias: deals with fears of other
people and/or social situations– Specific phobias: deals with fears of
specific things– Agoraphobia: deals with fear of being
trapped inescapable place or situation.
22. Phobias vs. fears
• What makes phobia different than fear?
– Unrealistic– Detrimental to ability to function– Not proportional to situation
23. Categories of Specific Phobias
• Specific phobias:– The natural environment– Animals – Medical – Situational
24. Panic Disorder
• Sudden attacks of anxiety unrelated to real danger and not proportional to the situation.
25. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• A persistent state of anxiety characterized by worst case reactions, a state of heightened attention and out of proportion reactions.
• The missing child example.
26. OCD
• characterized by the obsessive need to perform some task or tasks in order to lower anxiety levels.
• These tasks are often known as rituals.
27. Compulsions
• Compulsions: actions that the person performs, usually repeatedly, in an attempt to make the obsession go away.
• Obsessions: ideas that the person cannot stop thinking about.
29. Types of Symptoms for PTSD
• Reliving the event• Avoiding situations that remind you
of the event• Feeling numb• Hyper-arousal or being “keyed up”
30. Personality Disorder
• Deeply ingrained, maladaptive patterns of behavior.
• Narcissistic, Borderline and Antisocial personality disorders
31. Borderline
• Borderline Personality Disorder is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.
32. Narcissistic
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
33. Antisocial
• Antisocial Personality Disorder is a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
34. Schizophrenic Disturbances
• Emotions are blunted with bizarre thoughts.
• Hallucinations• Fragmented memories• Meaningless mental detours• Feelings of being watched or
observed
35. Delusions
• Auditory hallucinations• Visual hallucinations• Incomplete or imagined memories• Persecution or grandiosity
36. Types of Schizophrenia
• Disorganized type• Catatonic type• Paranoid type• Undifferentiated type• Residual type
37. Body Dismorphic Disorder
• Mental disorder when individuals can't stop thinking about a flaw with their appearance — a flaw that is either minor or imagined.