Psychology I – 6 th per Tues, Apr 17 Did you know?? “2000-Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel share the Nobel Prize for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system… Signal transduction occurs when a message from one nerve cell is transmitted to another through a chemical transmitter. It takes place at special points of contact, called synapses. Each nerve cell can have thousands of such contacts with other nerve cells. Carlsson, Greengard, and Kandel's research focuses on one type of signal transduction between nerve cells, known as slow synaptic Please get out: •Your textbook •A writing implement •Your notes for Ch 3, Sec 1 & 2 (The Secret Life of the Brain: The History of th
Transcript
Psychology I – 6th per Tues, Apr 17Did you know??“2000-Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel share the Nobel Prize for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system…Signal transduction occurs when a message from one nerve cell is transmitted to another through a chemical transmitter. It takes place at special points of contact, called synapses. Each nerve cell can have thousands of such contacts with other nerve cells. Carlsson, Greengard, and Kandel's research focuses on one type of signal transduction between nerve cells, known as slow synaptic transmission. Their discoveries have contributed to a greater understanding of the normal function of the brain as well as how disturbances in this signal transduction can give rise to neurologic and psychiatric diseases.”
Please get out: •Your textbook•A writing implement•Your notes for Ch 3, Sec 1 & 2
(The Secret Life of the Brain: The History of the Brain)
Today’s Agenda1. Mood Disorders
a. Depression
2. Ch 3, Sec 1 Neurotransmitters-finish
• To prepare for Class on Thurs, Apr 19
• Read Ch 3, Sec 3
• Take notes in your own style or use the notes on inetteacher
Chapter 3BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
Neurotransmitters: The Body’s Chemical Messengers
Where are neurotransmitters stored?
The firing of a neuron could be compared to what?
What are four different types of neurotransmitters?
What happens when acetylcholine amounts decline?
Neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersNoradrenaline-
Prepares the body for action
To little of this may be a factor in depression
Serotonin-
Plays a role in regulating the mood
Regulates pain
Is in control of eating, arousal, and sleep
To little of this may be a factor in depression
Types of Mood DisordersMood disorders are characterized by mood changes that are inappropriate for the situation to which they are responding.Most people have mood changes that reflect the normal ups and downs of life, but mood changes that are inappropriate to a situation can signal a mood disorder.Some people are prone to depression because they suffered a real or imagined loss of a loved object or person in childhoodSome believe that learned helplessness makes people prone to depressionOthers believe that some people are prone to depression because of their habitual style of explaining life eventsThree types: depression, bipolar disorder, and postpartum depression
Types of Mood Disorders: Major Depression
Explaining Mood Disorders
Explaining Mood Disorders
Explaining Mood Disorders
Treatment of Mood Disorders
Therapy
AND/OR
Medications:
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs)
Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonin Antidepressants (NaSSAs)
Older tricyclic antidepressants (not going into detail on this one)
Dopaminergic
Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) (not going into detail on this one)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
(Carlson, & Freudenrich)
Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs)
Popular SNRIs: Effexor, Cymbalta, Pristiq
Used to treat: depression, anxiety, social anxiety disorder, panic attacks
How they work: Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by binding to the presynaptic neuron the transporters of these neurotransmitters
Most Common Side Effects: dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, sleepiness, insomnia, increased blood pressure, constipation, sexual dysfunction, excessive sweating, increased heart rate, difficulty urinating, heart palpitation, tremors, headache, changes in appetite, agitation or anxiety, abnormal vision, muscle weakness
Introduced in the mid-1990s(Freudenrich & Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs))
Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonin Antidepressants (NaSSAs)Popular NaSSAs: Remeron, Desyrel, Serzone, Bolvidion
Used to treat: depression
How they work: NaSSAs block negative feedback effects on serotonin and norepinephrine secretion by the presynaptic neuron. This increases the number of these neurotransmitters in the synpatic cleft. NaSSAs also block some serotonin receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which increases serotonin neurotransmisson.
Most common side effects: Dry mouth, drowsiness, weight gain, increased appetite
Some Introduced in the mid-1980s, others more recently
Works CitedCarlson, Neil R. (1999). Foundations of Physiological
Psychology, 4th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Freudenrich, Ph.D., Craig. "How Antidepressants Work" 20 September 2007. HowStuffWorks.com. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/medication/antidepressant.htm> 15 April 2012.
Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs). (2012). Retrived from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/antidepressants/MH00067 15 April 2012.
The Secret Life of the Brain: History of the Brain. (2001). Retrieved from: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/history/2000.html?position=623?button=50 16 April 2012.
