Date post: | 12-Jul-2015 |
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APresentation
on
Motivation Types of Motivation
and
Theories of MotivationPresented By-
Priyanka Nain
Institute of Teacher Training
&
Research (B.P.S.M.V.)
• Look at these pictures and think…
The student is studying hard during exams.
The boy is learning to cycle even after
getting injured.
The bird is putting efforts
to make its nest.
All just because of MOTIVATION
• We put efforts because we are motivated to learn
• Two categories of motives
Primary Motives:Motives which are linked with basic
primary needs and associated with biological well being of an individual.
Needs that come under this category: Need for food,water and oxygen. Needs that are fundamental for
survivalNeed to take rest when tiredNeed for being active when restedNeed for regular elimination of waste
products from our body
Need for satisfaction of sexual urgeSecondary Motives:Motives linked with one’s socoi-
psychological needs are known as secondary or psychological motives.
Needs that come under this category:
Need for freedom Need for security Need to achieve Need for affection
Need for recognition Need for companionship Need for self assertion Need for self actualization
The Motivational CycleTension
Achievement Of
Goal
Need
Activity
MotivatedBehaviour
Reduction Of
Tension
SatisfactionOr
Relief
Types of Motivation
Natural/Intrinsic Motivation
Linked with natural instincts
Derives pleasure within the learning
Artificial/Extrinsic Motivation
No functional relationship to the task
Source of pleasure does not lie within the task
Goal l is just pleasure
For instance- I enjoy reading
poetry, so it gives me pleasure and in this way I am naturally motivated to read it.
Goal is not pleasure rather external rewards
For instance-I am doing B.Ed so
that I can appear in HTET/CTET exams, It does not give me pleasure, so I am not naturally motivated. It is a means of attaining desired goal.
Theories of MotivationMcClelland's Theory of Needs
o An individual's specific needs are acquired over time and are shaped by one's life experiences
o Most of these needs can be classified as
Achievement Affiliation Power
o McClelland's theory sometimes is also referred as the three needs theory or as the learned needs theory.
Achievemento People with a high need for
achievement (nAch) seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations.
Achievers avoid low-risk situations because the easily attained success is not a genuine achievement.
Achievers avoid high-risk situations because they see the outcome as one of chance rather than one's own effort.
o High nAch individuals prefer work that has a moderate probability of success, ideally a 50% chance.
o Achievers need regular feedback in order to monitor the progress of their achievements.
o They prefer either to work alone or with other high achievers.
Affiliation• Those with a high need for
affiliation (nAff) need harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by other people.
• They tend to conform to the norms of their work group.
• High nAff individuals prefer work that provides significant personal interaction.
• They perform well in customer service and client interaction situations
Power• A person's need for power (nPow)
can be one of two types: -personal -institutional.
• Those who need personal power want to direct others, and this need often is perceived as undesirable.
• Persons who need institutional power (also known as social power) want to organize the efforts of others to further the goals of the organization.
Maslow’s Theory of Self Actualization Abraham Maslow in 1954 stated
that human needs tend to arrange themselves in hierarchies of prepotency.
o Appearance of one need depends on the satisfaction of the other.
o The physiological needs necessary for survival are at the top.
o A need that has been satisfied is no longer a need.
o Behaviour of a person is always dominated not by his satisfied needs but by his unsatisfied wants, desires and needs.
Self
actualization
Self esteem needs
(competence, approval,
adequacy etc.
Belongingness and love needs(affiliation, acceptance,
affection etc.)
Safety Needs(Security, psychological safety etc.)
Physiological Needs(Food, drink, rest, sleep etc.)