PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND FAMILYCHILDREN AND FAMILY

WEEK 10WEEK 10

EATING DISORDER AND SLEEP EATING DISORDER AND SLEEP DISORDERDISORDER

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Eating disordersEating disorders

- are characterized by disturbed - are characterized by disturbed patterns of eating and maladaptive patterns of eating and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight.ways of controlling body weight.

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Anorexia nervosaAnorexia nervosa

- An eating disorder characterized by - An eating disorder characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, a distorted body image, body weight, a distorted body image, intense fears of gaining weight and in intense fears of gaining weight and in females, amenorrhea.females, amenorrhea.

Eating DisordersEating DisordersDiagnostic Features of Anorexia NervosaDiagnostic Features of Anorexia Nervosa

A.A. Refusal to maintain weight at or above the Refusal to maintain weight at or above the minimal normal weight for one’s age and minimal normal weight for one’s age and height; for example, a weight more than 15% height; for example, a weight more than 15% below normalbelow normal

B.B. Strong fear of putting on weight or becoming fat Strong fear of putting on weight or becoming fat despite being thindespite being thin

C.C. A distorted body image in which one’s body – or A distorted body image in which one’s body – or part of one’s body – is perceived as fat, part of one’s body – is perceived as fat, although others perceive the person as thinalthough others perceive the person as thin

D.D. In case of females who have had menarche, In case of females who have had menarche, absence of three or more consecutive absence of three or more consecutive menstrual periods. menstrual periods.

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Subtypes of AnorexiaSubtypes of Anorexia

1.1. A binge eating/purging typeA binge eating/purging type

2.2. A restrictive typeA restrictive type

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Binge eating/purging typeBinge eating/purging type

- Is characterized by frequent - Is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating and purgingepisodes of binge eating and purging

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Restrictive typeRestrictive type

- self-starvation - self-starvation

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Bulimia NervosaBulimia Nervosa

- An eating disorder characterized by - An eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by recurrent binge eating followed by self induced purging, accompanied self induced purging, accompanied by overconcern with body weight and by overconcern with body weight and shape. shape.

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Diagnostic Features of Bulimia NervosaDiagnostic Features of Bulimia Nervosa

1.1. Recurrent episodes of binge eating (gorging) as shown by Recurrent episodes of binge eating (gorging) as shown by both:both:a) eating an unusually high quantity of food during a 2-a) eating an unusually high quantity of food during a 2-hour periodhour periodb) sense of loss control over food intake during the b) sense of loss control over food intake during the episodeepisode

2. 2. Regular inappropriate behavior to prevent weight gain, Regular inappropriate behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives, such as self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives, diuretics or enemas; or fasting or excessive exercisediuretics or enemas; or fasting or excessive exercise

3.3. A minimum average of two episodes a week of binge A minimum average of two episodes a week of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain over a period of at least 3 monthsprevent weight gain over a period of at least 3 months

4. 4. Persistent overconcern with the shape and weight of Persistent overconcern with the shape and weight of one’s bodyone’s body

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Causes of Anorexia and BulimiaCauses of Anorexia and Bulimia

- Sociocultural factorsSociocultural factors

- Psychosocial factorsPsychosocial factors

- Family factorsFamily factors

- Biological factorsBiological factors

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Treatment of eating disordersTreatment of eating disorders

- HospitalizationHospitalization

- Family therapyFamily therapy

- Cognitive-behavior therapyCognitive-behavior therapy

- Interpersonal psychotherapyInterpersonal psychotherapy

- Antidepressant drugs (prozac)Antidepressant drugs (prozac)

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Sleep disordersSleep disorders

- Persistent or recurrent sleep-related - Persistent or recurrent sleep-related problems that cause distress or problems that cause distress or impaired functioning impaired functioning

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

2 major categories 2 major categories

1.1. DyssomniasDyssomnias

2.2. Parasomnias Parasomnias

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Dyssomnias Dyssomnias

- Sleep disorders involving - Sleep disorders involving disturbances in the amount, quality, disturbances in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep or timing of sleep

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

5 specific types of dyssomnias5 specific types of dyssomnias

1.1. Primary insomniaPrimary insomnia

2.2. Primary hypersomnia Primary hypersomnia

3.3. NarcolepcyNarcolepcy

4.4. Breathing related sleep disorderBreathing related sleep disorder

5.5. Circadian rhythm-sleep disorder Circadian rhythm-sleep disorder

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

InsomniaInsomnia

- Difficulties falling asleep, remaining asleep Difficulties falling asleep, remaining asleep or achieving restorative sleep.or achieving restorative sleep.

Primary insomniaPrimary insomnia

- A sleep disorder characterized by chronic A sleep disorder characterized by chronic or persistent insomnia not caused by or persistent insomnia not caused by another psychological or physical disorder another psychological or physical disorder or by the effects of drugs or medications.or by the effects of drugs or medications.

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Hypersomnia Hypersomnia

- A pattern of excessive sleepiness during A pattern of excessive sleepiness during the day.the day.

NarcolepcyNarcolepcy

- A sleep disorder characterized by sudden, - A sleep disorder characterized by sudden, irresistible episodes of sleep. irresistible episodes of sleep.

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Breathing-related Sleep DisorderBreathing-related Sleep Disorder

- A sleep disorder in which sleep is A sleep disorder in which sleep is repeatedly disrupted by difficulty with repeatedly disrupted by difficulty with breathing normally breathing normally

Circadian rhythm sleep disorderCircadian rhythm sleep disorder

- A sleep disorder characterized by a - A sleep disorder characterized by a mismatch between the body’s normal mismatch between the body’s normal sleep-wake cycle and the demands of the sleep-wake cycle and the demands of the environment. environment.

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

ParasomniasParasomnias

- Sleep disorders involving abnormal Sleep disorders involving abnormal behaviors or physiological events that behaviors or physiological events that occur during sleep or while falling asleep. occur during sleep or while falling asleep.

- Common parasomnias are nighmares - Common parasomnias are nighmares disorder, sleep terror disorder and sleep disorder, sleep terror disorder and sleep walking disorder.walking disorder.

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Nightmare disorderNightmare disorder

- A sleep disorder characterized by - A sleep disorder characterized by recurrent awakenings due to recurrent awakenings due to frightening nightmares.frightening nightmares.

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Sleep terror disorderSleep terror disorder

- A sleep disorder characterized by - A sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of sleep terror recurrent episodes of sleep terror resulting in abrupt awakening. resulting in abrupt awakening.

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Sleep walking disorderSleep walking disorder

- A sleep disorder involving repeated - A sleep disorder involving repeated episodes of sleepingwalkingepisodes of sleepingwalking

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Treatment for Sleep DisordersTreatment for Sleep Disorders

- Biological approachesBiological approaches- antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines)- antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines)- sleep medications - sleep medications

- Psychological approaches Psychological approaches - cognitive behavior therapy - cognitive behavior therapy