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Drug Therapies
Drug TherapiesPsychopharmacology
(the study of drug effects on mind and behavior)
Factors to consider with drug therapy:Normal recovery rate of untreated patientsPlacebo effect
Double blind procedure (neither staff nor patient know who has the placebo)
Drug Therapy/Psychopharmacology
The first psychological drugs were administered in 1953 with the antipsychotic drugs.
In 1955, over ½ a million Americans were living in mental institutions, each staying an average of a few years. Then, with the introduction of tranquilizers, the number declined. By 1965, the number of patients was down to ¼ million, with most patients staying for only a few months.
Drug Therapies & Mental Hospitals
Drug Therapies
Drug Therapies
Drug Therapies & Mental Hospitals
Drug Therapies
Antipsychotic drugsTreat Psychoses
(disorders in which hallucinations or delusions indicate some loss of contact with reality)
Antipsychotics: How do they work?Block DopamineChlorpromazine (Brand name: Thorazine)
Diminishes responsiveness to irrelevant stimuliTreats positive Schizophrenia
Atypical antipsychotics (Clozaril)Positive and negative symptomsTarget Dopamine AND Serotonin
Antipsychotics: Side Effects?
Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches (Parkinson’s disease)
Too little dopamineTardive Dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the facial muscles (such as grimacing), tongue, and limbs.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0EbgpyztCA
Obesity, diabetes
Drug Therapies
Antianxiety drugsDepress central nervous system
Xanax, AtivanD-cycloserine
Used in conjunction with exposure therapyTherefore, treats PTSD and OCD
Are they a “cure”?
Drug Therapies
Antidepressant drugsUse with mood and anxiety disorders
Target norepinephrine or serotoninIncrease mood and arousal
Antidepressants
SSRI’s: Selective-Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitors
Fluoxetine (Prozac)Paxil, Zoloft
Antidepressant Drugs: ProzacHow does it work?
Antidepressant Drugs: ProzacHow does it work?
Antidepressant Drugs: ProzacHow does it work?
AntidepressantsSide effects: dry mouth, weight gain, hypertension, dizzy spells
Can be alleviated by wearing a patch instead of taking a pill (bypass intestines and liver)
Alternatives: Exercise and Cognitive therapy (positive thinking) often increase serotonin naturallyPlacebos account for 75% of drug effect
1 in 4 people on average need to try another antidepressant (is that the 25% that actually have a chemical imbalance?)
Drug Therapies
Mood-stabilizing medications often help calm Mania (bipolar)
LithiumDepakote
Truths About Drug Therapy…
Cannot cure any mental illnessCan alter the brain to suppress some symptomsCan have negative long term effectsCan be habit formingOften over prescribed