;l

qu?[\En,r!Y o! !IETH@9 tOA EglIlHAltoN or z!{cc^LaRBdrc sotr 5 0f N.n.t.P'

g,

l r!!I.k 9rlldttt.it. !ob t rtilr rtrtlutft th. uutv.ltttt' ol P.t! .rrat th€ lLqut.ll@ntl Eor

Docto! o! FhttosFry

D.ttlrlrn.lt.otrch€rlltelJy thlwla lty

suxf-ABILItY CF tircIHOtS tOR ESTI AtICN CF ZIt€c rr&aous sotl,s oB N,rt.F.P.

".rto'*:'*u-

^ Ahestg subnltted tD

tn P.rtlal Fulftll@ottb€

Docto! of lirto3pihy

th. unlverslty ot Pesh.*!rof tha Requl!.@nts for

5rrdru$y:qr! tltlg!

2,

I9Jg9]!glqSlg

The autlro. expft rses her deepest 9!^!ttudeto Dr. l{.Ia.r*htar, chalfi6nr Depaltrcnt of chemlstly!Unlvrrsity of Pesb3{o!, for hts tl@Iy guiita.ce, con€-t.nt sup€fllslon and keen lntelest tbrcuqhout thtsstudy nn,r oftlinq of tbe thdets,

r am arso th.!kf!t ro D!. lal ill 'ahan and

Dr. Naseefldln, Plofessors, Dcpartment of Chefristly,3nd to !'!oferso!, Jehangtr lqlan Khlttdl<, chalran,Dep5llcnt ot soll science, for thel! v.luable gut-dancc, encdlrqement aod constructlve c!ttlclshthEouqhotrt tlle enbttc studv nnd ullttnq Df lhe the3ts'

Ih5nks ate !160 extende.l to It!. thaoulloh Bhattt'lssijt..E Professor, Il!. r&z^me1 shah, End t1!' Janal(h.n Xh.tt6*, lectulers, Depalttunl of 5011 sclenc6'

:1E. Falharullah, LcctEer, Deprlt@nt of Plant Aloedtng

.nd Gercttc6t antt Dr. l'1.shahlil, Cholrnan' De)'rtftot ollntotuLoqy, for th.:!r molal support

^nc] hollr 1n conduc_

tlng tl'e cxl4!'im.'ntal rclk.th. nuthor 16 irdet'led to Ehe chalrman' PnRc '

lsl irbad, ^n(r

the Vtcelbancello!, N':l'!' P' Agrtcuf tualuntv.rrity, Lcsha{n!, fo! tunds 'nd

ot}re! focMtlc6 eo!

tlre c6mpletton of tbts research ploject'

ltnallYr r an also thariklul to ut' Sbaftq and

r. Fattdultah, LaboliboEy sup€fltlo's' fdE thett help

tn the lrlroratoly tork and to l4!s' sh3h'en 'Janll tor

typjnl dnd reEl?lng the nanuscrlpt'

@c

<P lc(Not!,EEOlMDtlt

1-- -.-BSERIC! ....

a-.- fRoDLE lON

+ . LaloRAtuRa iwrElf

zlnc !tt6tt!t ot sott """"""'t!cto!, At!€cttng th' avltt'D0itY ot tl; to

Ptlit!..""""""ct.y . . . . . . . . . . . .

solt Reactld

r,!. . -..."' j"" " '

1

Itlt313

l623

o4l.ntc Ualb€t '!"""'El.ctEtcal' C.6drcllvitt

9o1} teo!.t.tut6a€dor &'t.6tialtxtr.ct{on of z1n6 bt V'!to!s rottlod' """"'t"

citttcal !.vel o! ztbc iJ| sott

"ra*" * ott t€rttlttlttoo 6rrlt tte l'Ptd<e t{

qt.nt '''''''''''''''zinc .nal s.!t fol'r$c' """""'

26

crMcll t.wI i" rr-t ...,.........zlDc Defl,ct Ey l! Pldt ..........'.'Itochdtc.l ttbetlo€ ot tlnc b Plalt '.........Illt.lactlo(r o! ztnc $ith 0!h.! NutEhnts ....,.'.

3a

41

4la2

44

a5

15

a6

{6

17

ta46

51

+- xttraRr.rr.s AllD llglioDs

Botl 8anptlnl

Bre.ltmntsl o..!n r..-...";....an.:.Yttc.l Proc€dur. .

D.torhtnlttod of hy.1cecb.nic.l PtoFertl.! ol

3oll ................Alkalln€ Ealth Calbonat€ .... " """ """ """olglntc ||att6.

d{ end tt.ct.ical co.lduct lv ltyAvcflarns Fh@Phoft.

Avqltrabl. btas6luhso rualy6t! io! avsirablo z!n' """"""".'DIPA Hethod .... .. '!Ul4ltO3+t!IrA ltoehoal

Aant andyaia

Zlnc ln Flrtt s Dt. ..."""""'Cllttcat L.ve! D.telninatlon

stlttltlcal eE9tt'.ls " """""

.,- R$;ULTS rllD Drscusslor ...""""

lhyst@lhedlcsl cttn!.cterbtlca of Tett s6 '5 ""'

r,i!tlcte Stze Di6tllttut lon

t lds . . . . . . . ' . . . . ' ' ' 'orqrnlc t'latter

llectlica1 Conductl!lty ".'"" " """" ".'.'-.''

soil Reactlon

Avallatlc rtosPhofls 'nd pot'ss tuo

lrosh uatter Ytelil "".'"".'"'Dry Hattc! Yleld

tfrcct of ulnc Feltutzatto' on the Avatfat'I€ ztnc

c6nlent ot 25 5o!I 5€!te5

stnc coDtont 6t Ptnntt """""'Complrlgon ot the tttlactlon MethodF """""""'

Ctltlca! !'ev€ls

Sotls "".."".'"'91!ntB '.""""""'Deftctent sotl

' '--__ E'irsctable ztnc'co-tftecl6nt of corr€l3trcn s'-'v -"-_

soll Ch6llct€ri6tlcs an'l Y!€ld PardGtels """""

sljllj.,ilY aND CCrlcLUSf (tl

54

54

a4

56

56

11

1A

a5

sa

to3

Tl,tl€

rhyslco-cherntcil, ch*actertatlcs o!25 dlffsrent sotl seltes of N..r.r.P.

Pt,ystco-chemtcnl ch.ract,rltsttcs o!25 soU .ertes of N.:;.E.P' .........Effect ot 21nc fertillzatton d fr.!hcrt€r yt€ld ol nltze pr6dt t 25

dttrerent soti se!t€3 ot N.r,.t.P, ...lffact o! ztnc !€rttllzatlon d dry

oaEte! yletd o! mlLze tn 25 dtff€_!6nt 3ot1 Be!1e3 of N.iJ't.P. ........Effect ot ztnc f.ttlltzattoo @ tlPA

extr:rctdbl6 ?4 cdtent L 25 dilfar6nt

6ot! 5€!t€s of N.l;.!.P.

lffect ot zlnc !.lttlizetld @ NE4llco3

ltlPA extractall€ ztnc coot.nt tn 25

dLffeleDt solf eelies of [t.,.F.P' "'Eflect of 2tnc f€rtlltzattot oD ttr.

4tii,l"" content rn 25 dtfrelcnt solI

oeltes ot N.:;.F.P.

LIST OP TABIE

5a

69

2.

6l

64

''I

vtt

ttt1.

Dlra 6ad trltarEol^nlFa drr.ct.ble rlno

$d BElt FlE6nt yt ld ol 25 dtf!€t6ntsoU sg!1.8 of N.il.F.P.

Co-.fftct.nt of oolnl.tlon ircoE

.rtret.bt. rlnc aott ih.r.ct.rtstlot

.nd yr€ld -F!6@t.ralof 23 dllt.rent

toit s.tt€. ol d.l'a.t.P.

Drh sd trltalf,o3^ttlLt .xtr|ctlbl. cu,

4., zn ard t4D c.ot.nt o! t{.trlv ftv.

72

90

aa

9.

.ott s.!L. ot N.r0t't.

Ytl,l

tEr

!!a--ot -8r nlE

ttrl S

l, R.l^tisrshtF. batrd dlDA .'tr.ctrb1. zn

an(t Bray Flcot yleld ."......'....... 71

- 2. R.lltlGh1p D€tFa f,qrco3^tlP^ .xtrac-tlbI€ ,lnc aild 8!av p.!o.nt vl.Id ..".. 15

!. i.l.tlonshtp b.tcn !L.D tbo .6tat

drd Bray p.rldt yt€ldl . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Tttls

cenelal dlEcitptid of, ths 50116 """Effect o! ztoc !€rtlliz6ttoo d fFah

matLer yi.€I.j o! ioize plaot in 25 dtff€-

r€nt soII se!1e3 ot N.'d.!.P, ..".....'

lffcct ot ztoc Cortlltzattot on dly

s.tte! yleld of nlize tn 25 dtffeidt

sotl 3e!te3 of N'Ll'F'P'

Bflect of ztnc feltlllzatlon on th6

DTPA extr:ctablo zto' content ln 25

differ€nt .oll E6!t€s of, N'it'F'P' ""'E{fsct of zlnc felttltzrrlon on NIi{Hco3^

trr.i €ltrdctabl€ zn content tn 25 dtlt€-

lent 3otl 5e!leE ot Il. i.l.P. ...'......

Eflect of ztnc feltlLtzatton 6 tt'e

(tr".,i)"r"" content lD 25 dtlferent 3ot1

--1,-t* "t t,.r.".".

103

2.

r3e

145

t52

166

?.

aBsl'ilg!

.rt -se+f pot olture experl@nt was condleted oo

trenty ftve;oil selles ol i{.vr'!'P' dtlnq t9a4 to evaLuat€

two eatlrtants 1.€., 'IPA

and NH4tico3^tlit\ tn telc 6l plont

respnse. llalze varl€ty Azas 'Es grodn a3 a test c!on' zlnc

oas .lplle(r i., the folm of ztn' sulphat€ at a rate of O'O'

O.5o 6rd 5.oo pFn h the Drg4onco of, a tr:"l dose of nlttoqea'

phosphoNr 3.d pot6sium t.e., (65' 40 dd 40 Dpn) !6€p6ctlvelv'

The vrPA and trnrto]^trrnr' ext!'etaDte ztnc of the solls ranged

floh o,3S-1.2o and o.9-2.55 Dgn' lhe critlcal ztne I4elE ln -

sotl wo!€ lound to t'e 0'56 'nd 1'oo Dpm *ith rirPi\ 3!d tlH'l&o3^

DtFA rethodsd No toopdie to ztnc fertlli"tl@ un6 obs€4ed

-!-f6--rnd-9-% !l thri 5oi1s hlvinq €xtlactab1c zlnc 1e33 then

0.56 ond 1.oo ppF bllttcal zle levels) tlPA sd NsatCo3 DrPA

evrtrlctnbt? ztnc. sh adj 16 ::L?* "t tbs 'oi1s hllne

DIPA 6nd NH4hc{ srPA ettlactable ?1nc hlqb€r tben 0'56 6od

l oo ppti (c!rt!c;1 :!nc revelt) had rtven rostbnse Eo 21nc

f elt tl tzat id. ,I'he'J4Pi and NtI4I€O3^:trlr extractable zldc

(as posttlvelv nn'l slsniflcantly collelated wtth Blay percent

dly hatt6! Yteld !''!th a cot!€Iotlon co-afilctent of 0'6S and

0.65. It las l@nd that 2'5 pPm (5 Kslha) ztnc is 'n opttrum

doee for hat!. ctop botond {hlch th€ !6.!on.. wa. non-

.tgmtfLaht. lh€ crtttc.I ztrc 16r.I tn Fl.nt rae Lttnd

to b6 35 Fo, tlle ttti! cet.dt !n plat rE a.Eatlt.ilyand non-! itn tf tc4tt y co!!el.t.il {tth tIP^ 6nd ilfiarEo3;

D!t1t! e*tr.otlble ztho, Ztrc t.!!lltz.trd! ltonlttc.ntlvlFrease/t rtnc cotrt€nt tn pttrt.

\'.+2'v:' i"i .,).t..,^-

today rcle tha! loo el.rents

o! these l,€3s than 20 €leEnts ale €336ntial fo! plant

qrokthr !.€., {tth out th€s€ al€m6ntg th' plant c'n not

.ofrplete 1t!3 I1f. cvc!6. Th€eo €esenttal €Ierents cao

b. I!.t€d tn to tdo glouF' th€ tu rhlch ar€ r€quire'l L,!

by the prlnts ln rerativerv rale€ arcunts (Ehe Mcom- lf,;:'f''-itll.enrs H. c, fl o. F P: s,x and cs)

'nd th@e ur'1ch

i$'d'-:;ale (equlred ln scll anosts (th€ nlclonutrlent' B' cL

J

v. f&'. Fe, cu, zn and Mo). Plants obtatn thelt H' c and:_

o from cate! and att rtllle th6 rest of the el'ent' aE€

supplied bY the sotl.

!{lcrdutrlente plav o vlta] lole 1! plant

outrltlo. and are es3entlal !o! varLous enzvBttc reac-

tbns 6nil metaboltc ptocesses' aoloo {htch t5 a non @tal

ts not an en"v@ c@ponent yet lt plave a hishlv speclflc

role tn plant ]1fe processes' zlnc m61n1v functlons as

th€ metal cdponent of a sott€5 of €nzvms' Th€ nost

lnpottdt €nzy@s :cttvateit by thtu ste@nt ale carbont

sntrydlaee and a nuf,be' of d€hydtogenas's' ztnc deficl€Dcy

16 thought to restllct RNA sFtheet' uhl'h tn tutn tnttlbltg

protei! svnthesls' zlnc dellclent p1'nt3 are thus p@! 1n

protstn. zlnc 13 lNolveit tn auxln productlon' shoot! and

?

voltoE sotrs of ttr€ countrv snd ts n€6ded to b€ aPe!l1]

buds ol zn dellcl€nt pl.nts contah very 1oo auxra coDten{i

ohlch causes ddsrftsrt anit grorth !€ductlon. lho .et r€sults

are stunted inants aad ptolonged atotali4 of glotth. zltrc

deficlency n€y depress the plsnt vteld bv as dch aB 50 x

{lthdt lroduclng any deftct6ncy sv.nptore. Hou€ve!. tn

symptoc can be used as atr tndex to tt!€ d'glee

of deft.tency. ln malz. a b!o6d yello{ or €nttlelY Bhlt€

ba.it betree! the nl&lb ..d the edge of the 1ea! ts obeeryed'

h Eeve! cases untoldtnE leav€3 mnv b6 uhlte or vetlow' henc€

tbe na@ {hite tNd 1n nratze. hen nleroDltllent6 are apptled

to the 3otl,, 1t ts taksn bv th€ p1&t3 lEoi o'5_5 * compar€d

llll_5o-6j_r4 9f \E K "1d

15 ,' of P' lttelature/!€8€orcn

rolk ln th€ past tndicate3 th.t ther6 13 a 'ld€ spread

deficlency of some dlcronutllents t! the country' The sotl

.od cltnattc coodltions of Paklstan are qul€t coDaElv' to

th6 mlclonutrlent deftclencte! 1n plant€' Majollty of ou'

5otls aEe 1t9ht to me3lum textuled' htgh ln Cl' 10{ td

org6nlc matter, deftcl€nt tn N and P' ctlcar€ous to valtous

degre€, uher€ zn, c!, !e and th nay lorm lnsoluble compo-

unds and beco@ unavllsble to 913nts' N and I lerttll"e!

so@tt@s lnt€lact uhlch cu and zn tbus decr66s€ tb;lr

plant uptake. rt. deflct.rcv t' '" n* **4@'

to valt@s solls of th€ cdntlv to varlds crops

-3-

to !ice. fhe pGstbultv of zinc aeplrc.tron toj6r:11- -

Itk.ty to be consldered h Eh€ ne6r flture' b-efor6 lta

appllcatton a 3clenttllc base and detsil r's€sfth studv

b needed roqaldlng th€ d6e, sou!c6' tire oi appltcatlon'

nethod o! .Dpltcatlon and standsrtt cthods lot th€ det€r

mlnatlon of ctltacal lev€Is both 1n pLa'ts and solls'

ztnc ploblerd toitav Ev be consldeled @lY 1ca1 but b

tbe Dear futule !t mav becoe 'tde spread r€sultlnq 1n

co'npllcateit productlon r€stllctto' tf 13 'ot atudled

ltfttcult to &vls'properly dd dlagnosed ln ttM' rt F u

a 3ol1 test that utII assess du!1ng a shbrt tle ot extr6c-

tlon tn the 16bolBtory the a[Funt o! nut't€nt that b€coca

av6llatle ove! s eotlle grodlnq seaso! ln the fteld' but

a 601! test shoutil extrlct nulllente flom tha sare I6blI€

p@I that the plants do and th€ a@nt ei-tEacted ru3t D6

me.nlnqfully relat€d to tlE arcunt t6ken up by plant6'

T1r6!6foret thls stu'tv {35 destqDed to 4allate and stan-

dardlze ths frethods fo! zn estt@tion :hd to detelmine

tb6 crtttcal 1cv616 ol zn tn tott3 6'd ndiz6 Leavea 1n 6

pot expe!1tunt'

t",r- .*-"a."t. zn lsqed f&n o'l?_1'lo ulth an averaq€ of

'"t--^) KauEr! €t sr', (rr?e) studr.d 152 'otL 6aopl€a

:. r/-

orabt et ar', (196r) sorked on 24 calcsteou'

sotls. corlected to the depth oi 30 cm ed lound th6t

mPA ert!3ctab1e zlnc ranged ltod o'5o-l'ao gpo'

re@n (19s!-s5) analFed r25 Eurface Eoll 3'np1es

in l{yde!6bad dlstrtct and found that zn 'ont6nt of these

soils rang€d ftd o.'19-?'f5 {lth an average of \'1A q/xt'

!!!!BIIUIIE RrvrEL,t

tarri! et el., (r9?s) collocted 63 sulace sotl

.smpla. !!om L.boF, Shtkhutrrra, GuJr.nuarti a'd F6lsalab6d

attstrtcts, th€ mlA €xttact.t'l. zn of thes€ sotls ranged

flon 0.32-1.44 {lth a. avelag€ of 0.69 ppm' rn anotbe! study

they collectod soll sanplos flom !sre!'' ltela ln F'tsalabad'

Jhanq, saht{.L l4rltan add v€}t.rt dlstllcts ed the ITIPA

!*1. r""rr".t.a flod difler6nt 3oi! 3'!tes of the fou! pldlnccr

- , tu.*n

mPA as al ettractant and r'port'd that s5 ,. of the

ii "-"* der€ erth @rslnar to d"tct€nt eoncontlatton of

,,V- *"tt"Ot" zhc, b.l!q 69 X !n Baluch$t6n' 55 "

tD N'n'r'P'

' 45 * \n runjsb at'l 1? * ln sind'

!turtaza (1934) , I2ha!-ul-Haqu, N@r Rehtuo and

Ntsa. (1935), slbtr 6u1, saral.r, shgukat and lheanullah

(r9a6) 6naly$€tr 54,55, 56. 42, 5A, 4O,40 and 2A 3oU

sampl€e tlom Hlzara, Kohat, Bannu, D.I.Kha!, La*kl, Dl!,

Ka6hfr1r snd Maldan. Th€ mPA 6at!3ctab1a Zn of thes€

Botrs langed from r.?o-15.30, o.3r-5.93, O.1?_r.?6.

O.3205.92, O.23-4,15, o.3O-a.99, 2.45_14.90 rnd o'63-

1.99 ppn Fspectively.

!$leE-$&g$!cSl3y

Randbaua and Bloaatbent

reduclog acldtty leduced the

(1965) r€ported that

solubillty and lptake of

o-lb!!s

clpta (r96s) !€ported that !1n€ te*tur6 3o11s

and flne! flacllons are the maln

€leEnte. coar.e ter.tured sotl3 and coarse fra'tlds

have low content of th€ itctonutllent'

aol}eft and tl,nd3aY {19?o) folnd m'11 collel atio'

of ztnc and tlon ulth sand $d clay'

Navrot and Ga1 (19?1) found that sotls rlch ln

mont@ltllontte had tdtce as much total ztnc as attaFlg1t€

soils but to the folmr eotls' due to 5t!on9€! ztnc boudd-

lnq to @nt(o!111onlte, the conEdt of Nallable zlnc cere

-6-

Nalr and cottenlo (19?1) lepolted that !L@

t€xtuled 3otl3 and finer fr.ctton hav6 be.n derlved fror

th€ nore casllY {6athe!€d mloersls dhlch a!6 alao th6

oaln soulce of tlace elenents. coarse sotls sd coarse

flBctlon. 6re dorlved fron nherals s!'h !s quoltz {htch

ale leststant to ,eathellng and have Io* 'dntent of

Klaskloff (19?2) 3tat6d that -5oL1s zrnc-L3

predomtnaDtly assoclttod {tth ths clay ftactjon' zlnc

exlsts jn llntte{i @ounts 6 exchtnge sttes of craY

frlneral nnd oig..lc matt€! and ts aitsolbed on lhs 3olld

surfac€ plovtiled bv oxld€s of lron 'nd alunhufr'

Gupta nnd staqh (19?2) Ehded no conslstaDt

posttlve .orrel.tl@ t'et'een clav cont€nt a'd avitlable

shu@n (19?9) !€polted tbat latge ploporatlon

of zn, lh nnd cu {rs plesent it th€ clay fiectlon tbcn

B.J{a (19s4) colt€ctsit 2oo samt!€ fron plobten

and n6-prob1efr areas and thelr clay nlnerolosv {er€

co*e13ted {ith avallible 2tnc' Results 'h4ed ptwa_

Iance oi zlnc deficlencv o' sotl havhg amolphous and

smodlttc clavs of valcanlc orlgio' ztoc *3E elther

incorporat€d in tbe crvstal larttce of serbdlt€ and

folm saccoalte o! prob6bly plef.renclallv adsorb€d' othe!

clay mtnelals 1.e., chforlte, vermtclrttte' k'oltnlt€'

halloslte, ald hydlous mtca dtd no app6aled to bs !e16ted

to ztnc d€ltcteDcy on these sojle.

Ed].-3c5r$9 !C)

Rol et a1., (19?o) analvsed tbe BdilE o! $adhYa

Pradesh anl E€polted that ttt€!€ {as no correlattd b'tueen

av.tlabl€ ztE and 3oil dr.

loLlett and !ind36v (19?o) etldted 3? cololailo

sotl plofilei and found that 3o1I gi had nnll colrelattoD

{1th avatlqble @nganes€ and zLc'

Halvolson and Lhd6av (19',) obseded tttat cor

plaots q!o{n in nltlient solutlon of PH 5'2 olth EDTA sere

h€.ttby .nd fullv qleen but at d{ ?'5 the nuttlent solutlon

dtth f,tlliA ploduc€d s4e!'!v stunt€a stn' 't€ltclent Pl'nts'

ICretawat and va3hlsbtna (19??)

avallabl€ zlnc 6nd Dnganese {€!e not

fic;otlY corlelated {ltb sott di {hu'

trtbutlon ot nlcronut'lent' and thel!

Eo@ sotl prolelties tn the vjtuvards

stG ald Pat.lck (I9?s) lepolted that

fricronuttte.t prcctplt'ted a3 ottde atd hvdrotldes {€re

solubltz.d bv rou soU dr and so1l roductlon'

found to t'e 31qnt-

studYtDg trE dts_

lelatloGhlp u ith

-a-

McBrtdo and Bta3lak (t9?9) studled the

F'r 6nd compeths catrons on zi2 6nd repolted

trt valuas ad3olptton of zi2 c.n b6 led@€at trY

catid6, shlle at htqh pH (?.5) €olubl. zlnc

lncr€as€ a3 olq3Dtc cohplex ln 3oil ao1utlon.

r€usa! et a1., (19?9) found thBt sr qave n6qatlv6

.lgnlftcant co.lelatlon {1th avatlable ztic ln Punlab and

sedberly et ar., (t96o) found th6t the vlelil of

!j.c€ {6s slgnillcantlv leduc€d (hen the solL reactlon

€rce€ded dl ?.oo. A htqhlv stgnlftc6Dt posltlve tllea!

E€Iotlon3hlP {as fosd bet,cen vletd 6nd zn extlact€d

tlom the eoil {tth ErlFa-TEA. slgntflcant lo,er rlcs

yields uele obtalDed on sotl that dtd not lec1€ve

euprle@.t.y zinc and contoined Ie63 tban 1 ppd of

6xtractable zlnc' hcleastng th€ eoll teactlo' from

Ct 6.?-s resulted t. a stgnlftcant lo,er reductlon

!n ztnc extracted tlom clop by 3otl {1th ITIPA-TEA'

A htghly stqnificaft cuplllnear relattonshlp *4

found betueeo ttF concentratlon ol ztnc in ltc€ leaveg

and ertractable sol1 ztnc. ftr€ lotce of grindtng' typ€

of €xtracttng ve6se1, typ€ o! 'bak€!, 3pee't of 6r!ax1ng'

ttic of shoklDg, 601I to solutton latlo and oth€r

factor€ qrEately eff€cted the mlctonutrtent extr6ctlon'

Gupta 6t a1., (1990) ffked oo gtt .olr p!o!1165

oi e@th ,€6tem Haltana 6nd noted thst .v.11.bl€ cu, zn

6nd ft! had a n€sa;1vc !.lattonsilP tslth soll dl.

Ratt6n 6nd Deb (rgalt repolted tnat 2tnc lD

s11$v161 .nd actd .otls !.duced a5 6 Faultr ol tnct€63.

A.corAhg to Hlvltn .Dd Soltan !)ou! (19a4) b

a sotl {!th 20 x clay the €xtra.t.btlltv o! !o't1ltz'rzn !!od 5ot! lec.tvlng znsoa *4Id tE roduc€d bv 1? t'

1l the *l ot that 3oll {.s lnc!6aEed on' untt from 6'2

!o ?.2. 1n€ tnftuenc€ ol sott dl on !e!tt1tz€! zn

extr.cti.on can .Iso b6 .)@IolDGd bv zn stnoral solubt-

Ltty. The a.ttvtty ot zi2 aecreasc loo fold for 4e!v

untt hcr..E€ rn DIl. Ns.Eo;trPA re"tton rlth sotr

ztnc tu n(fact€d by cdccntr6tld ot o!h.! cdp€tlDg

@t.I .nec!.s. As ttF dl tncr.4.' th! 'it!3cttbllltyof telt 1t12e! zn$4 doc!ea.6€.

!1,@

thom. and Roblson (1951) r€polted th't rr&h

cl fav@rs the torf,ntr@ o! ingolul'lo cs_ztncat€ 'n't3!oc @y I€rs leailllv lvalat'Ie, Ilning thu3 r€duce

th€ .vatlabuttv ot zinc anit oay produc€ zlnc d'ficlencv'

Navlot and Ravlkovttch (1969) lepoltod thatthe

"l,nc deftcl€ncy tn sotl. {trh htgh CaCo3 contenr

*63 du€ to the fordatton 6f rE.rubl. znCO3.

Ral, et ar., {!9?o) studled dstlabtomlclonutrlent6 strt$ of d€€p bllck sotts of lr.dhya-

plad€sh and r€port€d that thor€ x6e no stEniltcantcorreLatlon bet*€€n av6llablo ztrc and C6CO3 oi BoU.

,CEt!*at and vssht.hth6 {19?7) lopolteitnon-slgntatc.nt coffelatton botr€en ll,G aDal avaltabl.zn itrh r-eale of o,21.

or.b! et al., (r9Ar) !.po!t6d that tlPA

€xt.6ctable 2tdc hait a D.e.tlv€ corr€Iatlo.r {tth 118content of sotl.

Il.h.n.lr. !n.l singh (rgar) loud that .ddtttsof cac(r3 at the r3t6 of f@! pcrcent d6c!.ased th.6vailat!1tty.nd uitake of ztnc tn rtc6 Plants. trr€

atecle6se ld .vEtlsbtltty could b€ slthe! due to ltaplectpltatlon 33 zn(oH)2 as a !€5ult of lncr€.!6 1r

pH or lts adsofptloi on CaCO3 ,blch letes€ rtic

g!gnllsirl.ler

slllanpan (1962) .tudted 2637 6otl 6ampl€r olth

1a!9e varlattd tn organi. @!t6! coutett 6f tlniah soll'

and r€port€d that the mtcroNtrlents cont€nt3 1n mln€fa!

6oi1s lnc!€ae€d ,ith lncle63ing organlc ctt6!' tm

ndl,run b6inE founat ln sotl contajntnq 5-15 x otEan1c

@tt€!r fulthor 1n.!€aec in olgnntc Fatte! tsd to

d6cr66ee the trnce €l.mnt cot'nt u'tlll !n Frre p€'t

they 6re at a mlnlun.

soEens6n et aI., (19?l) foDolt€d 6 poslttv'

corlelttlon b6tre.n extractable zlnc and olsanlc nltt'r

c@tent. ranglng lrqn 0.4-2.2 X.

Gupts aod stDqh (19?2) regolt6d a po6ttlv' blt

ro+lgnl,ftcant corlotstlon b't'ocn avaosbte zlnc and

uac165 (19?3) lePorted a p@ttive srgnlflcant

colrelatton bet*eo avall:blo zn 6'd olgatlc nBtt'r'

Kh6t6{at and v.s}'ishtha (t9??) tound that

avatlable .sganese 6nd ztnc G!' not slgnttlcantlv

cor!€t6ted ulth olganlc calbon '|(as.r 6t al'! (t9?9) !€!'o!t'd that the eaPA

ortlactable zn 3hded a poEttlv€ 3tgniftclnt colrela-

tion tith organtc m6tter ln N'iJ'!'P! and Sln'li

-t2-

Gupta €E al.! (l9ao) etudl.ed 61x alluvtal 3o11

p&IlLd In adth {e.tem Hartana and !€polt€d tbat3va115ble Zn and Cu {o!€ signlltcantly corr6tat.it *tth

Eadry et at,, (1962) .dit€d t€lm year franu!€ fordtlfelant p6!1od. to h19h1y r.cl.n€d 3.ndy .ou. rt ,66

obs€n.d tbat not only tlF olganlc hatt€! was tnc!.436d

but a130 th€ avatfabl6 zn 06 30u r.. !ncr.a.at'

Mas)(1na aDd R.nithatrs (19a3) conducted a pot

cultule expertment on 2 30115 to studv ttr6 .ffect of

mtcroutrlents by rlce. appl lcatid o! olgstrtc ranur.

.l,ons yt6ldsd dly ctt€! cdpaEable to that 91v€. by

?.5 lpm Zo add O.ltl + Zn gsv€ 45 X mro atly ctte! than

t;at gtven by 1oolgantc z1!c aul!'h6te. rbe 'fttciencvof the n6Ne {6s tn th6 old€r !@lt!v @nule)fam

yeald manure> ptgge.y nsnuc. App11c.t16n3 of

orq.nlc 6tter peducetl rcre zn cont€nt tn ptant6

than that of 2tnc sulFhat€.

PendtaE (1946) lepoltd that olganlc mtto!playe an lmloEtant 1016 t. the tratspoltatton an'l

lccurulatton of mic.oNtrt€nt! tn 3olls €dd tn aupPlytng

th€so et6@nts to plant loots. th€ ltablllty of cation

codpl€re3 {tth fluvlc .nd huhtc 'clds 1ncr63ae3 ln 6Dv

-13-

cos€s tsltb 1Dc!6.sing dl flom 3-?. Tt|€ afftnltv of

catton! to folo {.t.! tnloi.ubt€ cdpt.*.! {tth lluvlcacrd te as lolloG. !. > cu > 2n > co /'vttr.

!l,ec!r.1ral.!9!6ts!lv.ltr

tollet and Ltnds.t (19?o) !€polted nuu

cor!6tatton of avatl3ble zn 6nd Mn ltth electrlcal

cond@tlvlty frd thel,! sludy of soll ploflIes of

s1D9h €t at.. (1943) stud!.d 25 3o1t saipr.e

lroh qypss tre.ted lteld for zn rty rtIPA dEthod.

ulPA ertrae.6ble zn it€c!€ased etth doc!..B tng sodt-

eltr (. - 0,69). Tha 6ttent ot iiacress€ dcP€nd on

th€ reducttd ln prt, but {a3 lnagpende.t of t}e

natute ot catlons ssoelated etth.nEndEnta'

€lf]:leoE(alrlrElaq!-z6d€ (196?t !€lat€d that droutbt aD't htgh

relnpc!.tu!€s ceas.. the rates of F roto6ynth'3k and

tfanrt4.tlon of c6.bot'vdrat.! to dac!€456' {n'!' aa

boron, n€rgnese, ztncr coPp€r and rclvbdenu( lttGlite

photo-sYnth€tl3 especlallv under condlttonE of IoF

{6te! eupply and htqh t€mP6rat!!6'

l,lnitsay atd Nofl€ll

ioc!€a!€ tn teirP.r.tule dzn by t5 X, cu by 24 ,4, l€

(19?6) lound th.t s rot.n lverag€ tnc!.leed .ttlact.bte

bt 30 ta .nd n bY 54,

khan and soltan pou! (19?8, 6nd legE€tt and

llqyl€ (1943) at!t. th.t drvlng .olta at tamp€r.tur€a

gr€at€! thao 359C !e3!It3 tn an tncr€as€ tn tlr€ 'xtrEc-

tsbt€ lovel o! 3o'n€ ol€reot3.

(-shkorntkr(r964) r€polted th.t ztdc t'qulreMrot pratts-rllalg€lv dep€nd€nt on t€nPer'tur'' b'lnt

grelt€! at hlgh€! t.ip.ratn!€. the llttle_I'af-loa€tt€

ili.66se o! lrtt plant6 attltbutsble to 3ho!tag6 of

2tnc !3 @tly .rcountesd tn 3dth'!n mqtoE o! t'isR'

Penilts! snil P€nltt!. (19a5) !tud!'d th't ztnc

i3 at6o belt6veit to stt@Iate th6 fet&tance ol plantg

to dly snd hot d€.ther .nd to bact6r!'l and luno'l

.E9c,s-lglr.!llnl'(sty61 (19t2) fdnd bv snalvste o! !a!qe nurlb€r

or prsdt/ 3amplee that the zlnc cdt€Dt of nolnat llc€

pt.nts gF{tog d subFrg€d eoilt tstdon a'd€'d3 50 ppn

althdsh htgh€r valles havo been obtstn€d'

-I5-

castro (19?7) !epolted thot zlnc concentlatton

ln rice g.o{b on dly 16nd solls, or on {€t1and sot15

allo{ed to dly dullnq the dry EeaEd ar6 conslde.ably

hj,qher. Hooev6r. thls dlftelsoce ls not so Nch plone

unced on al\allne solls a. conporod to acld or neutfar

sotls. Th€ supplesoloD of zn uptake 1n sub@!g6a sotls

1s posstbly tnduced by . d€cltn€ In {at6! solubl€ ztnc,

. h19h soLutloi c@contlatlon or lco: lna olsanlc actds,

leduced tlon m:.gacae and cngnestuft.

si.ha (1972) poEtulat€d th.t 6naeroblc

decomposltton of organlc matter ln sotl leails to the

sytrthesl6 of, fluvlc .cld ln.rcsl ht9h6! than that

unaler :erobtc condltto Pos3tbly becaue6 o! tts rr&he!

stabt1tty unde! the torG! condtttols *h1ch mav atd 1u

rlanslocatton of ctal llon lrd root to st!@t leadlng

to hlghe! Zn uptake bY Flaot lhoot tn p!€senc€ of ad'l€d

Jones {1932) !e!o!t€d thaE Aerated Eolts

have oxldation r€ductlon poteotlal o! redox potentials

valyihg fr4m + 4oo to ?oo w, w.telloqqed 6ot15 have

potentlil as low a5 + 25O to _3OO w' Incleaslnq

oxid:tton potentlsl leadg to the oxtdatt6n o! zn to

hlqhe! stago of valencv and thu. becore l€es avaltdble

to the plants. zlnc iE ttkelv to b€ unavailable to the

to the plaot {hen the rodox p6ntatlal !an9'6 flom

-16-

Ttlle! €t al.. (r9?9) tncubated sotls uill€!

dltfelent condltlons to sttrut.te ttooding aDd €attact€d

thed {ith DIPA. Good coltelitld b€t{€en the 'rcunt

o!

zn €rtlscted lrd slmtatait fleded 6otl6 anit zn uptak6

bv llce floo flooded soUs tn pot oere found'

'I

!r$solranFolr and s.tra{b (!9??) dd€top€d a t€{

soll t.st to! stdrltadeou3 €xtractton ot No3' P' K' zn'

Fe, cu 6nd r4n fo!.lkallDe sotte, tne €xt!6ctton solutlon

ras I}1 tn M4rcOar O.OO5! !n mEA st ! pH ?.6. ften gn o!

sotl oos t6k6n and 2.5 i|)' sc@ps of Ft3htr c c6rbo blact

ra3 art.t€d to each lott !o!Id6d bv 20 ntl ext!'cttrE solu-

tt@. lhe lo!! {d sh.k.n fo! 15 ninut's at !0o cvcte6/o1n'

Thc extlact {as f11t6!ed thrcugh that$an 42 fltt6r paper

for No3 P, K, zn, !., c! 6nd ltn d€t€rnin6tton' Th6 r€'ult6

obtatnod {l.h the ned ploce'tu!€ hlghly c6!!'}at€d {!th

lerul.s obtalnod olth ollents P t€6t' smnlum ac€tat€ K

t€st and Lr'nds.v srtl Nod.IIts 'IPA

znr Fe' cu aDd ltt tegt'

Hd.v.rr tho n€F soil t€et "tract'd abdt o'5 ppr @r'

zn, o.3 DPo @re Mn, o.3 lPd rc!€ Cu flom soils havlnE 14

to MRIInat tevel.of these nut!1.nt8'

shqh et al., (19?' 6v3ruatod ' ext!6't'nta lor

a53e5s1nq zinc Evtllalttlltv 1o 30 calcalco€ 3o11s o!

Indta. !h€ corlEl.tion co-ottlci€rt b€tc€€n extttctabl'

-1?-

zinc anat ztnc uptlk€ bv @i.ze *€!e srPA b'eii)' o'5r

rcr (o,o2rl.lM DtrA (O.111),tN Nt4O;c plt 3 {o'o34)', dl

4.0 (o.3Ei) dl , (o.o4e) and Ft ? + o'1 t' hvdloqur@n€

(0.249). rhey lnted v!P,r b.et ard the LN NHaO']& 6t

pH 4.6 as secdd' Non. of ttto other te3ts 'ere 3!En1_

fknnt, t.rle dlil| ext!3ctant 3hooed tbe crtttcal l6ve!

of zj,nc to be I.4 ppm.

cox and l'rear (t9??) evslu'ted thrt6 oxtractaDta

tor zlnc tn ttE sdthcrn r€glon of 6tted statcs {tth

coln lnit !!ce q!o{n !n fleln' t{o of thes€ e€!€ tltlute

!ctd! (thc doutJlo ncid nnd o'lN lf,L) and on' {8 a

chcl3te (/rPA). rt6 .otrs {€r€ s6e!'!tv non-c'lc'!'oug

tuatly ultlsols tt!3t hait b6€n ItFd to pn 6-7' Attholgh

th6 clltlcol L4et oa ttoc ln th€ solt {a! 9!"t'! xlth

the ncl.B th6n {tth the ct!€Ist6' thc 'xtracttotr peF

lorcit stmtrarlt tn pr.itictlng rssPdBtv' fL€l&' In'

lnterPretrEton {a5 thlteit to 3otl5 {!th a cEc l€as

than ?.5 rcq/loo s.

soltdn P@r add rrorlGn (t9?9) 3tldted tb€

€ffect oa thc €llmtnatlon o! c'!bd black (produc€

stain anil som t!@ cont'htnatlv' prc96rt!$) !!oi

the NH4Eo;4DIP.\ test on th€ 'xtlactabr' ldet of

P, K, zn, ltr, r. atd cu' tt6 tesults t'd1cat'd thst

c.lbon b}6ck adsolb6d Fe' ltn 6nd cu rt!P!' btqt dlil

-la-

not eff€ct the l€vef6 ol l, K anil z! tn the N84r€o3 DTPat,

Regf,eEslon of the tudltled tl114teo3 DIPA test {No carbon

black) on mPA te.t tot Zn, F., ftn and C! oele obselv€d.

theee reqres.1on9 shoreat that the ravels ot Nll4Hcoi vrlA

extlactable zn, Fe, :h .nd cu .te hightv collelated to

the l€velE of thesc nutrloot5 dctentn€d by mPA notho't'

rt {as cdcluded that caltrd bt.cx should be ellntnated

frfr NH4Hco3 Elln te;t not only due to tts stalntnq and

6ore ! tnos conttmlnatlve ploportl€s but mahly because

tt adsorb6 matal cbelatc aoil {llt tnttoduce lathe! lalq€

e!!o!s lf tt5 paltlcle slte ls not iept coEtdt'

udo .nd alodeb (1919) lound that z' extlact"l

by mP.r and o.lN rcr tanged llofi o.or to ro'94 8nd lrom

o,23 to 6.25 teepectlvely. rne arclnt of ertlsctabL€ zn

qenelalry docresed nlth depth, €Epeclallv {tth v!r)a'

sotlc devetop€d on ba.art and Eh61G6 'o'tatned th€ hlqh-

est arcunt o! o.lN FICI €xtractable zlnc {hile on bnsefren!

complex r@l€ gave tbe hlqhest vtlue of flPA E'tt'ctabtg

singtt and fakk6! (!941) exEntted s4etal sotl

test extroctaots fo! ztnc tn sotls planted to rlce !n

hdia, fh.t. {ero signlfic6nt cort6latloos of zlne up-

t.ke 6nc yteld wtth o.oo5l4 Df!A, O'O5r4 tmA dd o'olM

Emi an iontum carbdate eat'a'tabt€ zhc' {her€ aa It

ras not stgntllcant tlth ddbl€ 6ctd e*tractatie a'd

soll solutlon zlnc- The c!1tic6l Levels of zlnc wer€

0.96 ppm for D"Pn {itb a pr6dtctlve vshe of 9a X,

r,42 ppm fo! EI/I,\ rltr, a D.odictivg value of a7 N and

1 ppn lor EDIA al@niud carbonate dlth a pledictlve

' 6u!ta and lrttal (r9ar) €valrated valtous

€xt.qctanr f.i., 6 N rrcl, o.!N HC1. rmA Nlta)2co3'

!'4A NI{4oAC. mPA + CaCI2 and IM MEeI2 slnq 22

non-cllcsleour sotl of hd16 to flnd cllttcal lovel o!

sotl and pldt zinc for qleen gtam. tbe o!de! ot 6xt!.c-tabtlj,cy by dtllerent i€thods {.! 6 N Itl > o.lN trI )E/!,\ {M4)2co3> lmi M4orp > EIP-\ + cac12> u'i r'19c12.

1he crLtical fdcls estlnated d6!e o.4s, o.go, o.? 6td

2.2 pgn for m?A x c{12, !D!A NII4OAC rdra (NH4)2co3 anit

o.1N lel avtrsctabl€ ziac r€sFocttvely. ll1e crltica]ztnc concentlation tn 6 {eeks old plants {as found to b€

19 pF. rhe DTPA + c.CI2 frettbd gave slqnlficrnt (r =

o.ri5) co.."r.tro" .1th pl3nt zn concentrattd, tho

corrcl,ntlon bet{€en gIFA extlact.ble zn and Braly s

porc.nti ytold {os o.542i

HBvIln $d soltan Fd! (1t91) examtncd 40 30116

aDd shooed the Nl{4llco3 lr'lPa soll test to rte al,out 6s

effectlve tn sepelatinq 2lnc 6nd llon deftcleot solts

a! the orPA @tbod.

rtadzlv5 (1961) eranln€d th6 abtl:tt o! 5!x

astractBnta to pEdlct th€ o.s.arcE ot ztnc al6!tc!4cy

5y6hptoro .!at to 663e6! thc !.l!rlon o! sotl 2tnc to

plant ztnc uptak€ lD 9!e€! hdr!. t!j.alF. ltre €fftclaDcv

ot tho va!1os e*trlctants {!! !a the o!de! Ll ) slpa >

!!'ra M4O|C > O.OEN Ll + O.O25!t H2So4. Clttlcd !rv.La

ot soit ztnc bel,d {h1ch ttnc dellclencv 5y66Ptotr!

o.cu!!6it {€!e o.4A, o.2a, O.59, 0.66 anil o.5O Fph

resDectlv€lv. Clos€ness 0! ttt ot the correLltbn

b€twocn plont zln. uPtskq aDd Boil ext.act6bt€ zlnc

{a3 {n lhe fouortaq o!de!. rr1 + }Lso4 > tlPA)rcl>

Em,\-NH4olC >:mar {ith correlatlon co-dtflclant (!)

of o.64, o.64, o.59, o.49, O.46 onat o./t3 !e3F ctivery'

rr ras cdclud.ld tr'aL cithe! th6 doultre actd o! mp^

rould be 3ultatl1e extlactant6.

El-Ncnnah et at., (19a2). lxamined tour n€thode

of me$ullnq 3v:tlable 60ll tlnc atrit fank'd

itlnq to their atrlttties to Pledtct zlnc upt6lG by ltatfey

fld un!6!t!ltz6d sotls o! Egtpt. Thev conclud€d tlF

fotlo(tng drPA > EDIA (Ntt4)2Co3 laboratorv E-v'r@ >

btotog!cnI-A-value.

-?1-

Eedlln et al., (r9s3) evaluated !ou! extlactants

1.e., mPA, !iJTA, IN NHTOAC and o.tN r€I 6n th6 basts of

their lbtllty to predtct ztdc-and cappe! dt flcteocles

atng ri@ saskatche*an.o!Is and altalla 3s a test c!op.

Tne DrPA test od f,ounat to be rc5t slttable 63 €! lndet

of zinc defict€ncy of 1.1 uglg of soi].

Mashhadt (1943) detelmtnerl larrtrc pools ol cu

6nd zinc tn t{o calcaleds soil by t{otl@ of mPA. solls dtffered tn thetr abltlty to supply

coppe! aod ?1Dc. lhe f66E g!!: evtEa.tton r6@ved a m.Jo!

pror,oltlon of tho lablIe p@1, partisl6llv !n the sandy

.otl. nh6 two solLs shoted . qenelal decr€a36 tn extlac_

table cu 6nd zn {ith ploq!.sslv€ extlacltd iith tlPA

extlsctable coorer declylnE tule lapldtv than zn ttPA,

err!3crable cu 6bl 21dc d€tehlnlng atto! cropDlnq {e..

btqlly co-related Hith mPA extraclable coppe! and zlnc

vitres obtaln€d afte. successlve

Havltn and Joltan pou! (1934) stuiti€d lhe ab|lltv

of the Nll4l{co3 9!P^ 6otl tEet to haasule th€ clrang€s tn

lrcn ald 21nc tev€I3 lD sotl,s ferttllzed {lth a€_EDDltr

and znsc4 lertlllzer aD6 to lel.te the vallabtlltv 1n

levels of exttactatrle ferttll2et tton and zlnc to

prone.tles of the 40 cololado EolI6' fh€ t63ted 3o1I3

u€le resampled aft€! etght {.eks of crop Erouth tt th€

glaen house studv. Er-t!6ct!on of fettiltz€! !e and zn

-22-

rry NH4ltcO3-rtlPA flom saifs r6cl6vtnq Fe-EDD!$ o! znso4

avelaqed 40 r 6 i4 and 5? + a,{ r€spectlvely lndlcatiag

thot tlie I.rH4lEo3 soil test p!4tdes a measura of the

restiu:l v:IrE ol !€ .nd 2n tertuize!. nrltiple lldea!regresstd analysis successfully ac@unl€d tor rucn o!rhe vnr!lbtItLy tn exE!rcttblllty o' ferttllz.r,reextracttbttlty .nd clny content and sotl 9H Hete f,@t

ef lectlve for f crtit tzer ztdc aatlactabtlItI.

solt.d p4! (r9s5) r€@!t6d th.t NH4!ro3 DIPA

rest ts an €lfdcttve test fo! the avatlatllllty lndtc€s

of ,t k, zn, !e, Mn, Mo. Pd, Nl, Cd €nd se. the test

Has no! effo.ttve fo! hlgb l6vel of et'hnnqoabls r solu-

Irle colclum and nagn€5tun.Ho"4€r, the teet t3 very .tulct

{b€. IcP spectrodite! is used for stru1tan6@5 d€tetnln6-

tton of the eleftonts ment loned.

ctNde et ar,r (l9as) Btudled l.oH NH4O/C, o.ln

!€L lM !tgc12 4d O.oostr glPn oxtlactable 2. td 16 sotl

ploflte :nd found !h3t zlnc valled ffom o,I?-5.6, o'06-

2.31, o.2a-l-2a 6nd o.o22_l'14 us znlg 'espectlvelv'

lhe

NH4oiC genet:llY rendled ele zn than thd 6the! three

rho Amunt of z. ettracted sheed a qeneral7\

dccr6ase Nith depth. A slqnlttcart (ooun Fr !bcl2 ext!6c-

table zn appeor.d to b€ assoclaced {irh 'iMontent {h1I6

-23-

60ll rrl tnttucnced rhe quanttty of zn ef,tricbcd rlth

Crtttcnl l,ew.r ol Zrnc tp S6tr

BEd et €I., (19?1) .61ysed er-tractsble ?n of

92 sotls in callfoftt. b/ fd! @thods, i.6., dlthlzone,

E'rtsa, o.lN Hcl and N62Emj\r €ach aotl ols.toated ln ths

sr..n hdse fo! p!!n! lespoBe 1n r€Iltlon to 2n appllca-

tton. All !4. Gthods *a!€ fdnd htthly cofi€I.t€al ulth6ach othe!. fhe hlghest co.r€Iatton co-efftc!.nt uas

obtatn€d tor th6 conpairson ol dltttt2do {lth lvlPA.

Catculated valu66 Eo! D!PA, dtthl"on€, O.lN t.. f ald Na2-

!Da'A Nele 43, 79, 13 drd 72 tq on th15 rrasl! the mPA 1e

plelerable to thc otbe!, and the clttlcat I€v€I Is

a:.nroxin3rely O.5 Prn Zn.

Itndsay a.d NoNelr (19?A) fdnd th6t an incleas€

in the 3oil tempcratule fto6 l5t to 359e dultdq ext!.ctton

o! .ot!s by mPA Eleatly tncreBsed extlaciabl6 ztnc, 1!on,

manganese a.n coppor. they soqgostsd thlt dr!3tt' chanE€o

ln sotl temiErriur€ ru3t lte avolded durttg axt'acttd ll

cllctctL .otl tc.t lcvcls a.. to be detendlned.

-2tl-

Lindsiy and Now€u (l,9ta) hiv€ leporte.l corn to be

defici€nt in ztnc lf rhe rot6l zn rlssue co.entlarlon d3s

lc.s thrn lo rrDm. The sotls tt6t produced pla.ts rtth less

thon 10 Dpo of ztDc but dld not respond to 2inc fertlllzerNere classttl€d.! nargl!.I ln ztDc availrblltty,

shu@n (1979) fdnd rh.t earyl.q tt!€ tehp6fature

ed mtstur€ cddlti@e c.s.d slgDlfic$t cr€nE$ l.! the

ext!.ctarttltty of i6, ae and Zn.

H:vlln and sottan p@r (1981) found that Ng4Hco3_

DTPA soif test {a6 6s elfectlv€ a3 the mPA sotl test ofLtn&ay and Noflell, (19?a) tn 9ledlctlnq pllnt av.l1ab1e

1Fn a6d zlnc tn coloraco rot13. the cttttcal trod 14e1

for solqhuft {6s €stobltshed .t 4.6 pF. fhe clitlcal ztnc

i,evel fo! coln ,as o!9 ppo.

Louc! (19a2) founa no yl€ld lncEease tlon folta!

apPltcrtton oi zlnc dhcn solt cdtained (o.5 prti d!PA)

extract:br. ztrc.

Lesoqtt .nat alqyle {1932) studled th€ otf.ct ot

dlltnq tenp€lotule on the olclonuttieot lel€ase end found

that D4!A extlactable ztnc lnc!€!.ed as th€ t€nD€r'tu!€

rarged t.on 22 0c - looqc.

-15-

l,orbtn (1943) daluat€d 55 replesent.tlv. 5ot1

to!.inc by o.ln lrl €lt.actab!..nd ddb1e.cLl €xtrac-table cthods. ab@t 35 ta ot th€ .otle had l€$s th.dI ppm oI HCI extloctable z!nc. Ho(eve!, und.r 9re6r h@s€

6xlE!1Gotd. condltion Ity gloirlnq coutD .pPrtcltsbl€ yt€1?r

!6ducttd ras Ecorded o only flve sot16, each of rhtchh6 less lh.d o.9 ppm avall.blo z!Dc. zinc avail.btlittarpeared to t€ function ol soll o.Eanic .tratter, sou ts{

sinch (1994) report€dtb. cltttcal l6vel of zn !n

to non-c.J.ca!e@s soils to tE 2.1 Fpn CCt evtrdctabl€ 2o).

Io solts rlth v.Iues b€Id thto th€ p€snt @a. rearqs.at 5 prm ailded 20 lcvel @e! contlol ras 2?9, 195, 116 dd343 r( for E!.ln 6trau. hsk .nd total dly ratt.! yl.ld(q per plot) E€spectively, zinc le6pdse {aB ob.ofl.d

uhele p16nt 21nc fl.s tess thtsn 24 ppm. on dly Nt. basls.

The t1;1 estlact6ble sotl zhc rlr poitEively co.!€I6ted

,tth iho p.lcett ylelc qlalo {r - 0.69) and sts.o (!-0.56).

Ell4es--e!3l!!-!s!j]lE $90--r!C-l!s-!.el339-!r-l1a.ql

Bo.n .t ar., (t9s?) studted the utlltzatto! of

zinc from ei.lht ztnc cofrr'olnds and maEo!161s 1.e., zlnc

cbelate stfllpj,nq acld reslduo/ znso4.zno, zn3(FD4)2,

znco3, blastrog fulnace slag, zlnc t!1ts dd zrnc

gr.bu),es by qlo{tng plants 1n pocs' zthc utlltzatlor

tnctudlnq znso6. Uptate flom 3tltpplng actd resldue'

zno, zn3(!o4) 3 ,as compalab1e .d :!:'!.jB ** yqj]t"!:

Grunes et al., {1961) euggested that zinc

.ppllcallon tended to itcr€5s6 the foraqc yleld "d

zn

JackEon .t al., (196?) found that th6

sppltcotion of zn tnc.eased the yteld of ears and th€

zn conteot ol srcet corn plants on Elftd 3ot1 sertes

in tie N!1lamette vaUev of westetn ologon' It {ae

cocluded ttlat uhen P beods dere rct, zn deflcle!'y

b.c$E dsln$t nnd {rs as.ocLated Htth a high I4E1E

ot re. 'Itele {i5 not endeocy lor P to tn'rese

tie Fe c@tent e<cept unere a Zn deflclencv t's 'leated

rrleotle! and l,trdsny (1969) obtaiDed a hlqh

corEelnttd b€teen !m^ €xtr5cllble zt.c and P!.nt

., (1969) repolted th6t

coln plont locleaeed tslth

JcbDapplnge! et aI

.@unt of zn 6b3orbed by

zt.c appl lcat lon.

ste{alt and Tahlr

cot.olatton b€t06en t'TAplant zlnc v6lue..

(19?t) lepolted a stgnlflcant(NHa)2co3 €xtlact.bts zn lnd

Taht! (19t9) lndlcated th6t lncleag€ rat6! of

|@uf6 arrpltcatlon reduced ztnc upt6k€.

A stqDtllcant cotrelatlon {ts ot'tatlBd tvLtndsay atrd N6de11 (19?8) !€t{€€n trPA-zn and Plant

6nd upta\€ ot zlnc' Plant uFtak€ from znfarendodrv loultrvcdpareal to ?.so4.

shqh et al., (19ao) cotrd@ted a green hou36

exrcrlpnt to sludY the eff.-'ct of 7i thlough Zn a@nded

pdrltry fr:nut.: ond znso4 on Corn, tt 'as fouDd that both

the sources stgnulcantlv lncle6eed the dlv iatter tle1d'

-24-

Gopal Sinqh 5nd Ta;(ka! (19e1) obsened an increBse

tn the dry @tter yteld o! llce rtrh ?.5 ppn zo.

Rehn et al., (re3o) ntr6d the zn eurces {zn ETD!r,

zo NH4 compt€x, zno aod znso4) Blth a suEFenslo! fertllt2e!a-a, a-4, a (Nl,() to €upply a, 1.1, 3-4.nd 6.4 Kglha. th€fertlli2e! cos lppl led lrelod lnd to the sld. of th6 se6d atplantlnq. zhc uptake by plants after th!e6 {e:ks ere!96!ce065 lDfluenced by 2n sourca! zlnc lat€ 6nd phosphoo.

carrter, diffe!.nce ln zn e@!e sd phospbolue ca!!te! dtd

aot affected the yle1d. Aplrllc.tion of zo 6t tbe iate ofr.? K4lha qave @rinm yreld ar one ]ocatlon @t of tbre6(o.4 pps DrlA ertrdctable zn).

aoln et nr., (1941) 6tudled the elf€ct ol 2tnc

.nd m.nqane6e by 3otl alpIlc.tton, follar stloylng anat

3e€d soakh.J on the yteli corqonent of corton. solf

6rpllcatlo. of ZnsO4 and rt|5o4 6t tho !at6 of ro vq/F6d

lncrci.od dry Nttar and ltnl yteld, Hhtl€ follr! and

Ia.,s €f fecttve, r'latked increase

yletd uere obtatned {hen ZnSo4

KglFed eacb rere aPPl l6d to th€

seed soaiiog .;Emd to be

1n rhe dry m3tter snd lirt6nd r4nso4 ar a nre oj_19

30tl tn .orlbln.tl.n. zt.c .nil Bnqanese cdte.t tnc!€aseal

hofe in the plan! fhen aptiied to the soll.

Soliqn et a1., (19a1) studted the ef{ect of N 6nd

zn on the ytcld of 5.rfey iD ceGnted pot! (ith calcareos5ollo. Gritn ytold oas coDridelably trcreascd by 611 l€velof N esp.cially at loa rat€ .t ?h d\d zn2a 6od decreaa€d

by 60 K9 N qhen zn .ate tncreae:id to 40 and 60 (S/led.

siftll:! results ucle 31so ohtatned in stra{ yteld but

decllne ocdred at 60 Ks of N/ted, rh€se results susgest

that hltloqen sttnulntes ttlLerlng and plonotes 2hc

uptEke and ts then tEansl@ated to the gr61n. Fo!

€stabllshing max1tuh yleld lt could b6 stated tbat th€

arrrJllcltton oi 45 /9 N and 4a Y4 Z^SA4/E.d mlqht be for

obtalnln:l better lesulte und€r such cnditlons- (zn

provide acidity or proFte ro.6 evte.slve r@t svsten)!

Gupta lnd r.ltttal (tgar) conducted studles on

22 non-calcarao!! 3.tIs to e!.Iuate

!.e., N [al, o.lN ]tCI, E_,IA Ol{4)2Co3, E aA Nllao>C, DaPa

r c!cr2 and 1M Mgcr2 to flnd thc c.tttcnl rovels of soll

and pl6nt zn for green qrin. rne order ol gxt!.ctabllltv

by th€ atlffelent 5 N r€I > O.lN r€1 >

rm^(Mr4)2co3 > Eltln rs4oAc ) DaPA + ctcr2 > 'l -r'tgcl2.

cljticol levets of 0.46, o.al, 9.? and 2,2 Ppm rer€ 4ttma-

t€d fo! nr!a! DUTA- NH4onC, E rA_(NH4)2co3 and o.lN r€1

e:tr.ct.ble zn aot sotl. ttlo crtticrl Zn concedtrstlon

tn 6 {eets old pllnts uas fdo6 to rte 19 pPo' Ttte O'lN

ricl m€thoc aave lhe best collelEcion (! - o'5Aa) b6t{6en

extractablc Zn and B!!y'. pelce.t ylelJ. Tlre ryIpA @thod

elve thc hrshe! concenErarron wrth zn urtake. rratcoi-cluded from thls study that fo. non-c.lc.!e@s solLs

o.IN I.. 1 can b€ Ned for pledlcthg soll avatlBble zn.

. pd crpc! l'tuft

to dete.mlng thc cr1tlc.I 21nc cobcentratlon to ltce and

{hc.t pl.nt lr..trc for pledtcttnq resrDnse to ztoc artltcs-

tlon. DTP^ extractsbte ztnc lD solI sas found to be stgnt-

Ilrc.ntly .orrcl.ted ,tth ttssue zlnc concentrattob ln r1c6

tr = o.riit aao qh63t (r = o.s6i). I'he concentratr'on of zl'c

in the tlsBue {.s srqnlilcontly cotrelated Blth Blay s

porc€nt y1.1i in ilco (r - o.?a?). Th€ crttic5l zinc cor

c€ntr3ti@ tn 52 ddy olit rtce and 'heat !Ia't {qre 3?^a!d

29 ppn respe.tlverY.

Lauei (1992) stucted th€ effect of folla!

appllcrttotr of comerciat zn fo!tulatioo of znso4' zn

!!nA, N Zn and zn I'K od dty be6n5 at qlotrth st'sea

ranglnq flcm earlY veqetation to eatlv bloN' Th€le

oa3 no yleld incleaso flom folia! appltcatton oI zn

rh€n soil ?n oas a.l€'lu.te (o'5o ppn tnPA extrsetable_ teld observedzn). 1ro consrstant drffeEnce of(t'ee9v

o onq Znljor. zn ED'ta, N Zn or Zn NP' Platt concenrra-

tron d zn d15 tncroaied utch zn ar'Fllcallon

tffespecElve ot the sour'e '

5("e

Ejdltn.r at.r (r9A3) f@nd Do.-.i9ni!ic..tcork$Lrtid bet{eon EDTi extracrable sotl Zn sdd plantlptnke (r = -o.2a2).

.l

Kalacal and tedeFn (1996) studleat th€ eff,ectot zn on the yt.ld and qunttry of !!ce tn tlrtc€i, on

]|nkala, colum.nd Eattlne so!l! and founil thbr zrso4

lppltc.tlon stEtrtflc.rntly le!€6sed th. !tc. yt€td

@ Ankara and Cotum sou,s durlnq 19S1. Horev€r, thsyield at coN6..il Edtm. duatDq l9A2 ,.6 noatgnl-ficantly incr€r6ed tll %) ,lth 'zo appl j,cat lon. IlIeDTIA €yt.actlbl. Zn of th.6€ toearlonE ,a5 9re6terrh€n o.5 ppm zo s3 Epolted by Ltnds.y & Non€lr(I97a).

!,$9.-i!d--:4!!olere!sjBobko and Aglny.n {1939) Etated thot trace

olereDts lncleseed tlE 5{t tolelanca only to pla.ts

glon on {elikly solanl..d solls aDd eErted a

negattvc rnfluence i. solutlon of 3t!an9€ E.Ilnitv.ono o! thc maln tactors underlytnq tbt3.lf€ct of ttac€

clc@nts 16 r declease tn th€ p€rc6blllty ot the pr4@

to cl aDd so:. tbls has t€en e.ttbllshed {lth !65pect to

tho actton of S, n, 2b, Cu ar|d to.

crlttc i1 LN.l tp Prrnt

Tanlr (19?5) !€polted that nttrog€n tn the forhol U!ea, (Nltl)2so4 and NH4NO3 lncle63ed zirc tn plants.

;tppL1c.tl@ ot cu to rtce pl3nt3 erihaoc6d ztnc, brtcotIEr concehtrntton *-s deiressed by zlnc applic^rlon

tddlc.Etno as ziDc ferttltzatto! to fl6ded sollsmalgt.al tn copFr frlqht tnduce copper deflcldcy t

rlce, znFu aFpricntlon declen56d both concentrstio!

and total uptake of p tn pl6nts.

He furthe! r6Fotted th6t 14.5 ppn zn {aE th€

clltlca] lcvel fo! {he:t Dlant at penlcle lntttatlon

stage. rhe crlttcal conc€ntratton of zn tn soil bv

mPA and NH4OaC melhod Bas O.34 anat o.e2 DpR reEDec_

tlvely ancl lher€ ,ere good collelntlon betceen vortous

morhods of extlnction (lfr, NH{oAC, D/rliA ..d !mA} anA

totil uptak€ of z. by oheat ptants, HoN€ve!' Dl[!A ed

NH4c:tc @thods qave rcn_slgnjfl'aat collelrtion {tth

zn o! !1ce plnn.s at peotcle tnlttatlon due to efoc-

tro;heilcar chang€ tn soll ocollnq durhg subnerqclcer

gt31n toEmatlon et:qe o! plant glodth'mra

.ndt i€l gav. .tgnlftcant coE!.t3tt@ bttdeen axtlaq_

table zn 6nd zn cootent h rl'c p16nt6'

Ltnds.y .nd Nodetl (!9?a) sho*ed that lDc&as1og

the sotL tenper6ture fron t5t to 359c dultnq extraccto!

of 3o!1 by D|[IA qreatly 1ncr6.Eed ertract.bl6 Z!, !6, Mn

and cu. Dlastic changes In soll t6nPer6tu!€ tust b€

avolded dulinq extr.ctton lt cltttcnl sotl test levels

ale to be aetelmtnad.

(atyil nntl Ran{jhawa (1c43) lelorted th^t zn

conrent lD ha1:e r€5ves at \!6latnt rl9, 9 ro{th ranqed

flom o-1o, t1-2o, 2L-1o, 17-!50 and > 15O Fpd atrd

ale clnssified aE d€ftctc.t, lo{, normal, hlqh a.at

toxlc re.pect tvely.

PIrnk (19{ro) lnd sholroks (1es4) regolted

t\n! thc norrnal rdnqe of zLc t^ btt cropt 13 b€tue€n

2o-1oo ppm. zlnc deltctency 13 p@stt'l€ dhen plant

cont<1rm 1e;s than 20 l)pm ot zn.

zr.. p.ficrei.w svhri.frs rn guutt

l{5mbt rr nnil l4ottraoaol (1931) leFoltel that

zn lev€Is tn tlssu€ used fo! th€ predlctlon of tt s

deilclscy ofteo frtl a. the dlagnostlc t63t &d that

tts4e Fe to Zn r.tto atp€ars to b€ @te p!on81n9

for the Prediclton even oI htdden zD d€flcteocv' the

crltlcal !e tc zn ratio tn ma12€ ts founa to 6'0'

Katyal 3td Randha{a (19a3) rePorted thar a

ch6lrctorlstlc fe.ture of sotl plants suflertng f.om

zlDc deflcle.cy ! ret*da.td of grooth, ttth nl@st

codplcte cessrtioo of lntemodal qiouth. tn the aPplc

ind othe! dectduouc fnlt pl6nt5 the leEves moy reach

oaly L/ro-l/2o of tJ'€tr noldal' slze {hen affeclrd bv

Itrtle-leaf !@ette di3ease. zlnc deflcl€ncy miy dcpress

pl.int ytlLds bt as rtuch ns so r( trlthout p!duc$'t tnv

5y6ptoN, shere vlelbfe zn deftclencv ctoptoG app€ar

mctly oo the 2.d or 3!d fultt mature f iv6s tt@ the

top ol plants. h coln the old.! leave have velloe

etle.k or chlorottc 6t!ip b6t,3e! veiG uhe' th€

d6ltcl6ncy t5 sde!.r lt 3hou . bload y'rrot o!

entt.ely {httc lr.nd b€t{e"-n the frId rtb and edge o!

the }3af. Ia unloldlng tdnq leav€3 may

be diit. o! yellor, heoce the ndre "lhlte trud" in

ls-.g.no!

Resster lnd l{onsel15e (1t54) 6tatcil chat tn

the leives of citrus plants! afple tr3€3 3nd vtnes

inadequat:Iv su''P1lcd {ith zjnc' tbe acttvltv of

r.|!A tncleaeed strrultanedsly the proc€ln cottent

and RrA contenE decleasett.

Nnlk and l\sona (1961) obseaed tho! tD cotlon

r. lncrea3e in RNA .crtwtty acconpsnied hy n d€c!€a.e

ln plotein contoot {ere detected befote rny vlslblq

€ymptotu o! ztnc deflclency developed.

Rtoldon (19?9) 6nd ihkottrtk (1e94) stated that

th€ tust tmDoEt6nt phFiologtc functiots of zlnc a!6

tts tnvolveft.t ln grooth rsqul:tlon, Nclelc acld

fretabolkm dDd plot€in btoEynthests, 'ell dtvislon! th6

cnlennbce ot @nflr6n.e structure and s'xuol feit1llza-

tton. It controls Ehe ledox potentlve 1n pldn! cells'

5ynrh65i6 o! chlorthyll and i3 tnvolv€d ln the pl3nt

resplrltott P!oc63s. zinc t3 cotacto! of @nv enzycs

and 13 es*nttal for Che forftstton 6nd halnteoa'ce of

moleculor sttucture of a nusbet of th6 rc8t lspoltanr

cetl conrponants t.e'! the c.lltoeores' It ls found lD

59 eDzyrEs lePre.cnttog al@3t 'If enzym tlloupe '

shkolnl:( (1944) Rrordod (1976) Nason 3nd

NcErlrny (1963) found that the retabollc functio's ol

v1llous thas Lhde of anY

elemnnt.. lhe iotolt3nce o! zD fo! actlvttv of tlE

krebs cyclc enzy@! tlas been sho{n to actlv:te oxalo

acetnle dactbostt3se ln vltro' ebtc-n cttdvses th€

spllttlnq oft of q.lbon dtoxlde f'on oxaloacettc acjd

to Yteld PYnv lc Bcld'

-35-

audesoo €t a1., (1961) rogorted tlat .:.c..stv'.ppl1callon ot lhosPhorus t€lttllz.tton l'as b€on l()ud

ro r€ahrco tho avattabtlttt o! tlnc.

BhEhan (196 3)

tert11{zatloo r6duc€tl

leport.d tlat heavy !ho6P}!o45

the avau.tlilitt ot copper and

Fuohrint et ir., (1c69) leporte'i that gtaln vt6ltl

of nal26 tn calcoleos soll 15 fevourabtv atfoct€d {1tt'

larqe d@unts of N rnd t aod {1tt! Io{ lerel ot s tnd ct'

M4lNh q!at. ylela of hrlz€ alPclr€'t to rnvolve ute of

htgh lbplrl.tl@ tdels:Iong elth ttE sirultaneds

tnclea3e of B. Zd and P 1evel.. Idter'ctlda bavhq

con6icrer.ble otfoct Nele zn-Polulation' P-Poriut ot td 'P-l]-rroDul.tid ^nd

zn-c_P uhtct! {o!e all pssttlve' It

oas c@cl!.je.! that very hlqh or'tn vicld of, nalz'

lDvolve3 a htEh degree of, nutrtent bafance'

lrdtotr et a!', (1t?o) .utullz€d that h19h

levols o! sotf I are rcre ltk6ly to tnduce o! lncE '6e

zlne it€ftcl.ncy od 3o!I havioq ft abde ?'o lhich coo_

tairs tlce Cdco3i

Tahl! (tg?a) sbored po3lt ive correl.tlonb€tween dEtL.bl6 Fh€pholu! and extractsbl € zn t

Tardd (1930, rerllt€d lcituctloD tn

phosFhode uptlke wlth tnct€8.lnq 2lnc i,lth no

.ffect on tlon and potash. OD the othe! hlnd htgh

lev€Is ot avltlsb1€ F}r€rhon. dtd not reduce ztnc

uptake lry {hert. The !ho.!r!oru! induc6il ttnc

d€ltctency 13 g€n€ratty €tp.ctod sben 21!c l6v'Is

ale lou. At .d6L at6 ztnc 1.vel5. !t€ d6ftct.ncy

t3 not 3ea. ln the p!€sencs ol lthospho'rrB '

Eleokkary et .I., (t9Bt) 6tudled th€ hfluence

of $<sphofls .iat ztnc f.rtlllz€ra on calc'r'd' aotls

lnd !€polt€d th.t h€avt appllc6tlon of supo! ltrcphat€

€tgntftc.ntty Lncreas€d tt€ l.v€I of DIPA 'xtlactabl€

at., (19er) corbcted zlnc t.nceeotl and t€polt.d that !v.tl!bl' zn

hss a lFslttv. llgnlttcant co!!6tatton'

irauoce et a1., (1482) studi'd slxty 1o*e3 o!

the sim. aoe (4 @.th) olth zn dettciency and 60 {ithoutztnc deflctoncy syhptom€ (14 y6are old olsng6 tr!6) glown

o. cnlcircotrr 3011 of Gle€ce. It ,a5 fourd thac zn dett-

cten! l€lves had less P, C6, Mn add (o!e Fe, A1, Sl and

tltanlu'i th:. did leaees alth no deflclencv svhptoG.

ralah et at-, (res4), studled th€ effect o!

nttlogen. zn B.d !e on the yt€Id and nlne!.I conPosltl@

of coln plant. They pelforrod a lvst@ter €xp6r1tunr on

altlvlol loEmy sotl, R43pon3€ uas fdsd only ilqe !o N

6ppltcotlon and lt {as d161nl5htng

Effect ot l.ceasing nitloge. l. plant {as lefl'ct€d

@stlt Ln loaf cohposttton .nd i.€sst ln graln'

ctrveldh.n and Bajpat (1965) conit@ted fteld

erperlrutrts on calcaleous 6andy loam sotls at Johnor

ln Rajhlstan tslth four l6vel5 at P L.e" o' 20' 40'

60 Ks P/ha, thlee }eve!3 ot ziDc o, 5 and to (b ot

-38-

lnd o.L ,a H2so4 sE a folta! sprsy' "hl€

study rovealed tbat appllcat ton o! P tnprov€d p!o'tuc_

tlvtty of chlcl< pea and tncreased tbe glain vt€ld

5tgn1!t.antlv. P at the lBte of 50 r.s^a d€cleoE€d

the yleld .ofrponent 65 cor.parad xo 40 ks/b6' zLn'

appllc.tlon llso lncte4ed th6 qlaln tleId siqntltcdtlv

but H2SO1 dld not.

-39-

landon (1964) sumallz.il the pl6nt nutrtentlnte.actlon .! 91v€. belo{t

EIeEnt 6fLct.tlKirS.rIoNnaPS

xs

N

E

8EA

A-Antaqontsttc lct1on

E-Erhance octlon

--:n6ufft.l€nt data or al!.ct! t@ v.rl'b!' to 'um'rb€

Penai$ (1946) !6port.d thlt intolactlons of

ch.mlcnf e1.@nte 6E€ of . Er€.t imPortsnco to dottci.ncy

lna tdttty tn the Fhy.iol.ay ol plant€ ' Int.llctloEbet$en .h6stc!l €l€mnts By b€ both ant.qonlsttc aid

.yn.!g1stic snd th.lt tnb6l.nced leacttoDs nay cee .!.at chentcal €t!e!s in cet.r Intelactloa. b€t,een

naJor and mlclorutrients *e!€ sundsltzed .! Etv€n belo{t

i{acr€dutrtdt xttaoonl3tlc sFelgtstic

Ca B,Co,Cu,Fo,l4n,2n C!,r4n,zn

M9 Mn,z^/Eo 'c!'ae/ z^

P CrC!,!€, o,r4n,Zn B'Curte.llo'ltr

K B,l.lo,th

s !e.lto.s. fe

N s,Cu B,Cu,!e.Xo

!43g8ll!!i-i!9-@

vf-',..^. 4 pot culture erperlfrent ,68 conducted in MaFh,

" l9A4 to shudt !h€ avatloble Zn stltE and slltabtltty of5 "- rethod fo. zn exrracrlon usrnq r{o rethods of zn e*t!ac-

tton tn 25 soil gerter of N. .!.P. fhe t{enty flve soilse.les studl.d {6!e Talur !€6haua!, T6ftab, Ralat,

Plls3bnk, Do@], ansooka, Mtssa, Darqal, Kunda, slltan-pu!, BurhaD, CharsBdda, K6tft l(h61, Khazana, skhakot,

M.rd1n, liutrl, culltrna, htldard, r€cha.i, Hts!1, 5h6!-

q3dar, shati.zgaEht and walsak aE napp€d by sott sureystar! (Adjad 1979). The Eenelal dtsc!1Pt1on of ttte

sanprt q slte 15 given ln .tfi.ndtx-!. x!12€ oa6 qr@D

as a test clop tn thc gl35s hou.s .t D€palt@nt of soll

9cience,N.,..F.P.aqltculturaluatvolslty,Peshaca!. J'Jr :.i- -"

=rii':'k:-:"l591f,-!rrD]]!Eq

coll€cred by s€Ip.ttne 6 to a !1t.3 tn .t* l"T"rt'rtv]trtyptcal .ot1 proflle o! e6.h s.r1€3, cle6n plastic parl

anal cotton baqs uere us.d fo! taklng th6 tarlples froi

flelil to the labolatott. the Btoples *et€ a!! d!ie'l?

qlosd citb tbe help ot {@at€tr orter anit passed through

2 M nylon sleve. Flon the soil b€ap of each 6eE1es a

replesentative sadpLe {as tak€n fo! &temhation ot

valtous lhtslco-chefricat chalacteEl6tic5 a'd avallat'L€

zlnc by tto oethod..

-42-

E&lllElola]-lsnlsD

"""@-'*'o, 2.5, 5.OO pp{n 2n

znso4 . ?H2O

flr€ erpellEnt ras !!1d out ln rPltt ptot atestgn

ltth t!r99_I:p!q:!!1a Ftv. xitolr.h 6f stdetr 3oLL o!

€.ch s€rt* .as cislEd, Frt tn to ra€h€d ptasttc pota,

.nltn.d ,lth p14ttc 5rr6.i. ztnc ln th6 fdn of zdsor.

?H2O ea! tncotpo.at€il ln to lotL .t th€ r.te of o, 2.5

.nd 5 p!m. A beal d@€ of nltroo.n 6Dd rnosrhoru at

th€ rat. o! 65, 40. lo ppfr {.s lprnled ln the folm o!

ur€s .od 5up€lph6Ph6te lnd tso4 !€lpectlvelv' Th€

brsat dosa of N aJ-and zlnc t!..tmrt6 ne!€ mtted

tholoughty slth sorl tn i,Ia3tlc pot6 beto!€ so'lng th€

r#f

?lt

-43-

'\

1

1t"-Er;dlrcotar rEts {e!e trrtg.led 916 d5v befote

so.tns. The o.39g llaclr. rea4. italze

vnrtcly (;rznm) ens lsed a. a test v.rlett tn tbis studv'

sevon .eeats pe! pot ,ere eorn at plops! depth. i{at6! {as

us€d to! l.llgdtton as and (h€D !€quirod and each pot

{6! kerrt.t tlcll cnp.cltt Ia61 thlouqhout the c'{perhent

snd hoeil {ben neoited. Thlntnq {as ddo to have onlv tlve

plints aftet slx daYs of 3dh9.

fne clop {63 haweEt€d on -l?th

lPlll, 1934' Tte

h.rv€steil poltion Has thoroughlv {ashed ulth delontzed

eater dd dtied. The total fresh m:tte! yteld o! each

pot c5s sepelat€lv tecolded L(rygjl 1n the

pot rn a prasrlc bas ror ava1labl€ zi igtl-!I1t-l9l'l lhde

roplgsentative soll srmplos boksn from eich pot 'e!6

turther qtound and p:.5od through 20 rcsh Dvlon sleve

(scott ond fhomas, 19??) for ztnc detolminrtlon' Leof

and sotl srq)Ie6 ,€16 properly lab611er1 rnd take' to

the labolato.v fo! analvtic'1 'ork' a1l th! data see

3ublecteil to stattstlcEr analFt3 follo$tnq Ethods

After at! drytng. total dry @tt€r yteid Has srso

oo. Klloqram soll s6mplo u33 taken ftom each

o! Le.cle!! et al.,

ras used as test of{1962). Drnc.n tutttple r6oqe t€5t

.t.,\*{cr' ;J( Q \9 z ltc'

lqalvttc"l r!.cFdrrr:

R€pr.ssntattv€ so{r sampl€s ttum eac11 3ol1 B€!j,..

uere an3lys{d lor p5!ticl6 stze alstrtbuttd. lt@, orqaolc

hrrter, elqct!tcrl conductrviiy, c!, ovotr6bt€ Fbo6phods, - --_-*rivqtlrble potasstuh^+rd ;v:tl.bl€ zn bv tu6 rct\od. 6f j I

,.:,r rrt ron 1 .! ., *in *u,,".,.of -t j k*-ru:'Tf-"tr -,-4 ,?.. .-q

Flle qh sotl Bnhpte

tt {ith 3n exc63s of o.5 N

tltr.tea ditb o.25 N i:5oll,

uo3 neulr!116€d tty tte.ttng8CI. fhe 6r!es. of r€I €aa

uctng Phenolphthal€lo as on

D.terira.Llon .l Ihhrt.eche{i.11 ProFartt.. of sotlq

SolI teztulc {n3 dctertncc uclng hy.irftte!mt:od dlt\ ro d ol I ra2co3 6olutt€d as dlspershbq

agen!. Hydrq€te! readj,nqs rdre r.colded 6ect1v afte!toirtv :ecoa' and lro hours for sl]t plus clnv sdcl11 resrecttv.ly n:: ru!,esteil by M@dte et 31., (1e54).

4!l'3lbe-I3!$-hr!ctr5!s--Gle3)

c*o3 0qutv6l6t rn p€rcont r

(Gtho<l 23 c.p.1o5l

.fu,1-'

9rqnl9-!:la!!s

one gfl of .oil {as r!€6t€d ,lth 10 mI ot

1 x2c!2o? sn.t 20 mI of coneot!3ted H2so4. After

coollns, 2oo nO of dtsttll€d *!te! aldg slth 25 ml

of o.5 N l'€ (NH4)2SO4 ers .dded and tttrot€d .g61n5t

o.5 N Kr'troa. A bL6nk tttratld {!s aleo m {Jsckson

l95a p. 22 r) .

P€rcont orsontc (6ttc! -.E&!a-lJ!cd-l9r-r,ro.Dfe!lb94-\'rd-&!-Pf -$X-lt-.a.fu -o.59

Dt. o! 5oil 6riFI.

d-1-$4-EllrtrllrLga!fultlnllJ

(195{'

Svnfbbfe-5oe&be4ls

saturat€d past€ a5 tlv.n tn u.s.D.A.

Flvo 9!am ot sotl {as tsk6n ln to a contcs!

.nd loo dil oi o.sfi Narfo3 (ct 8.5) H6. add.a,,'.<'4.t

:tE9-*;

II

Ii,

-tr

Eh I'h3t tun

r 30 6lnutes. llltoEea the 3usp€n'lon

No. 40 ftlt€! PaDer. T@k 5 dn o!

5 Gl fra3k, .dded 5-'nt o! amoilm_ !.p{u

on, hrxad 'nd n.dE lxe voru*R 12

^ i *..., ",,at€r. 6itd€d' . - ".*-:-:l::::: l"'"-emtned th€ rnosphorue .pectroPhotone- l

1965).

il'i

Al3ll$1e-&l35l!lore. q!.m of the so!1 {aB taken ln a 50 nf

cent.lfuge tube and 25 $! of IN tr4tlal NHaoJc -ag

added to 1t, shaked for t€n mlnut€s .nd then cant!1-

fuged untlll a clear supoftstant l lquld 'as ct't'!ned'

!h. sup€Fata.t llqlid Bas decanted ln to a loo nil

volurettlc tlask. uEde th!€e addtttonal e"tt6'tloG

in the same manne!. Dlluted tho corbl!€d ertlact to

1OO nr wlth NB4OAC. Hlxed the sohtlo! antt d€telmtD€d

potasarum uslng fla@photomte! (Black, 1965''

th€ detair of the oethodB ts

Avaifalrle zD cottent of thG orlqlnat sotl

sadples as €11 as after th€ hafl€3t o! M12€ ctop

and Nodolt, !978) .nd NH{IEO3 mPA

*.nou"F"". r" *."i o-' rgeri \tas d.temrn"o'

t. lqla--yelboc- 9k s,r.ta-

20 nI of O.OO5X vrPA ort!"tlng solutton {as

added to exsctlv 10 s {€lgh€d sj! drled soll s6mp1e

lD 125 nl contcal flask' Each ll65L {as sto!)p€led

anal sha*en recttnic.frv tor z hours'@ -."91"1

tho 3uspenslon s$ tllte!€d throuqh i'hat6n ltlter

pater No. 42. zlnc tn the Elltelat€ {a5 dete'mtned

-41-

by atodic absolptt@ .rEctloplrotoGter Glndsay ddNoderl, 19?a). T'tre mPA 6xtlacting solullon adFfep.red t6 contaln o.oo5rl DIPA, o.otfr cacl2' 0.1TEA and (as adjEtea to dt ?.3o. To p!€paEe 10 ltt€lsof thi6 solution dtssolv6 149.2 g of reagent glade TrA,

19.6? g of !'II'A .rd 14.? E ol C€C12.2H2o tt app.oxima-

tely 2oo mt of dtstilLed o6ter. altow slffletent tlme

fo! the D1PA to dtssolve and di.lute to al,ploalnatelv

9 lttels. Adjust tbe dl to ?,3o: o.o5 with I t IN lrrBhlle stlllinq and dllut. to lo litels. T1re solutlon ta

stabt€ fo! severat @ths.

2. !!4E920 mI or f&|,rro;mPA cxtracctns eolurton t3.

added to exactly 10 g relqhed a1! drled sotl sanple aid

shaked for 15 mirutes. Afte! 6hal<tng th€ su.!En61on was

ftltored thlouqh ;batman fttte! PEp€r No. 42. zinc ln

the fttte!.t€ ro6 d€terntnsd by Atomlc Abaolption

Spectlopbotorete!. th€ NH4|'ICO3ADT!A 6xtlactlnq eolutld

{s plepaled by dlsgolvtoq 1.9? 9 of DIPA tn aoo nd of

F-','r"+' - -1-

[1' +r;* r

fa'ultated apu!€ {ate! and 2 dL oi 1 ' IIi,H4oH {htch

dlssolutld. After mPA j'3 in soluttd ?9'06 g NH4!CO3

{as .dd.d ald stlred g6nt1y untilt dissolved' The gr

{as adjuted to ?.6 us1n9 €lthe! NH4dt or l.1 and the

solutlon ;ras m.de ltnnllysolutlon lrrs storad under

as reqnldlr d! (llivlin nn4

mrn c ra{r)o rrI r31)

nffect of zn fertit t23t

m.tt€,r yi,-1.1, Itt!,'i extlictdhl 6

t3ble zn rnd pl:nl zn contintBlay % ytel:l Hrs c.lculaied ij

ron on the ary and fleshZn, NH,llcOi DIP\ e/tr!c-

uere srudled (fsble-2-6).

lv:',-\wr:{-.""li"a^-

IJA

Yteld qtEh 2.5 nrf, Zn nDpltc.tlon^ --

rr a :.ri@!c! fo! :rotl zn avlilatlllty.

lcv4l tn Ehc aotls by tco @tlsr3 tas

-Lant-3gtlt3le

4rnt nlEclia! B$ t3eho.: otth d€lont'ed

i.a o!!lJ! to clcrfl lt f!.o durri, thn dlr dEted.

al! dryins p1d1! malclial tjale\ Nt 1n to sh3II

Hitl, stal.I€sc €!€€I sclsFo!, ov6n dlto'l for 40

rt ?ooJ, gluml 1r(l sErler for rorlysls.

9-f.qrillf-aqlE3lrp:e

o.5 qi, o! Dlint srNlo lnt token rn

fl"r,,lSro J ""is. laro3 kep! rt'\,)

4 nn ot conc. Icloti rhc sampro Hlr

pl.E€. rh€ sidple lj^s tlren flLleled

(R. I os?.A

Aask and cde the

,ate.r zinc conteot

spectrophoroGter

,,' ll crj E rc.r !dc

cate and Nel€on (1965) gra!fiical nethod u*.2 nsed for the crtticsl t€v6l d€t€rnlnatton. Usl,nq thl5

volu@ upto tbe frar* elthr6s detelmtned bt atonlc

(uet dlse6!t@ u.s.!.A. 1uJ.. F "L &a{ a6'

obtalned fo! a dld6

of felttflze! iat6

sFphs of pelc6ntege yteld veleus soll testl,€v€l, lt ts posslble to cla.Blty rotls tdto too g.oups t

(t) those to! xhich plobabtJ.lty of !6spon6e to fertlllze!1,3 Lalge aDd (11) th@6 fo! lhlch plobabillty of .espda.to add€d f€rtiltaet 15 lmall.

dj,vtillnq the t-x ecarter

saxlfrlzlDq the nutrbe! of

*htle m1lt(tzinq the

the cdte and Nelson

Tl.t€ Gthod 13 baseil upo!

diagram into f@! qu.dr3nt! and

potnts In the tlelttve quadr6nts

number tn the leqativc. stePg ia

Glaphlcol Method at€ as tolto!3,

1. P€rcentaqe yleLd value6 a!€

!a.q6 of locatloE ,he!e !6sult3

6tudl,es ar€ availat'I€.

Yielat at o-1evel of tutrl€nt b€hg etudled,

( !.ctors at adaquate.

P€rceotaqe yterd:'

th€ nuc!.to! rt1l b. tha chec)< Gao fo! th.nutrlmt betdg atudlod. For ttB d.ndto.ro!, . ptar€€u

.v6Ea9e 6hdld b€ Eed rn c*.. *trere a rrneor-prateaui 'respons€ pattofr tl obt.b.it. oth€rrts€, Igtrun ytelat,

lt. sotl t.st value€ !o! th€ nutsl€nt bclng .tudr6dehoulfl b€ ottaiDod lor th6 1oc6t16s Entld.d .bove.The check plot t€st valu66 €hor1d b€ avelao€d. t!u6, tl

the.€ {tII b6 a .i.ngle p€lcentaq€ yteld lnd o.!€ sott Ite3t vrtu6 for 6ach Locatlon.

/:i"i:';'*J

1t1. tn€ 6catte! dtsgr.n of Frc€nt6g. yteld (Y-.xtst

v6!6us sotl test vaLrE (x-dts) i. plotted on ErithrEtl.paper. th. lanq€ rn valu€s d the Y-axts t3 O to 1oo X.

occaslonally percentag€ ylelda of qftat.! than loo X .!eobtalned due to random effects. lhet 3h@!d be plotted

lv. ^ Iricce of clear pt^etlc h.vtnE rouqhly one ad

one-h6lt th€ dlEtulone o! tho gralh 1. cut dt for u6€

.5 nn ov€rtoy. ,\ p€tt of tnt.FccttnE r€lp.ndldlar ltnee

i,6 drlon on ttP dertly elth blactc Initlln hk ln .uch Ioat thit !t ts divldod tnto f4! s€ctor5 havlng area3 of

rooghly the sa@ relntlv. elze. th. slqns of the3€ fou!

quaa!.rt! 6!. th.n llb.l€d Blth blact rodhn lnk.

-5t-

v. tte ovcrlay k @v6d about horiz@trLLy and

v6rtc.lly o. the g!ar,tr, rtrnys or.lh th€ t{o ltn€spdlatlel to th. tro 3al6 on th€ Eraph, stl1 the

nurte! of potnEs shootnq througi the ovellay tn

the too pdltlve quailrintg ts 6t a frlx!tun(o! convelrery, the nuh!..r oI polntr tn the neqative

quqadlants is at a nini@().

vl. The posltlons c! thc lln€E @ the ovelray

01th re6ltct to the sxls of tha qt.Ph .r€ tlacfetred

to th.: g...ph by naktno ma.k6 d the edqes of th€ qrarn.

fhe tso rnt,,rsecti.q ltne3 .re then d.am lightlv o.

tl^e glaDh eitth pencll. the r6lnt ,h.re th€ varttcal

Itne crosses tle x_sxt3 lE it ftoed .s th€ 'crlttc't"

93.:rllellE3lion!Yile

Co!!et.tton sluclds ,e!e mod. among soll

eatracr.ble zn by t(o mthodE and v.ltous phv6lco-

ch€mlca! cho!acrellsrtcs i.,e., clsy, 1lre, otgantc

s3ilter, er:ctrlcol conducttvltyt dl lnd t( Brav

dly o3tter ylefal.

-52-

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A qlass bdse expeltEnt ,.e .artted out tn

\'-rl9a4 Eo stuay the .vatlabte zn status and suitablllty ofr- method lor z. ertlactlon, usinq t{o methoils of z! extlac_

-r''., tton. Th€ effect of zn felttl!zat1@ on the avallalrle zn

-? - and rhE crlrlcrl I€ve1 0f Zt ,tth nltlogen and phosFi1otu

ri' ag a t,asrl dos6, uslng matzo ac a tEet cloP {as also

Etudlcd. sotl sampl€s collect€d u6.€ analysed fo! vall@E

phy3tco-chemtcal chalactElbtlca. Re6ults ale pt€sebt€d 1n

table-la & lb. Flesh matt.r yt€Id and dly Etter vlelit of

21 dats grottlr Pelrod eas lecoid6d .nd zn ef,tlacted bY

tro rethoals along rlth zn upt6ko after tbo hadest of

ctop h.ve been sumallsed 1n tsbt6-2_6 {tth appendlces

from to 2-6.

-&:l-19!-s

r! t4€llze--Dl-slll!9!l.l!

Tbe data la table_la tndlcates that the t€xturar

clnss of Tatu, leshaaa!, laFab, DomL Mtssa' Datqol'

Maldan, &frt, l'lll{ald asd shat'qadar sotr sertes ua5

sllty claf loam aDd 511t t€n ln c.3€ of Rajar' Ptrsabaq'

Sultao pur, Burttao, Chalsndd6, Kattt xhel ' Khazac!

Skhakot ald shshbazgarhl Eotl solles {htle load ln cate

u *'"{

ByEjser}geirlllha rec I e.1s$S:3:oI25 drrferent s6 serics 6t N.r'.r'r'

%

9.20

2 3.30

r1.20

r5.60

63.,20

59,20

43.2023,20

51.60

61.2056.40

5!.20

18,231a.3320.67

5.3110.o56.23

4@<-l.ae<r5

9.1?4.94a,76

13.6 3

3.lO(l:-1?-)

4.43

\'1.44r2.4S

r4.9210.62

3O.4O Stlty clay loam

36.40 strty clay foa36.60 sllty clay loam

24.40 stft lload24.40 Sllt Iloan3o.4o slltY cIaY loan

26.40 strty clay loan39.40 sl'1tY ct.! lod6.40 sandy lod

1a.4o StLt loan22.44 stlr loan43.20 Sllt loaF2O.4O Sllt 1oa1!

22.40 Stlt loanr1.2a sllt loan29,60 stLty c15Y loam

39.20 stlty clat roam

21.20 ?31,20 siltY claY Ioam

42.40 sllty ctaY

29.30 stlty clat loan2o.4O s1It los14.40 s.natt Iod

'"i*\:

,'t

-54-

of l'hns@ka ..rl l':ts!l .nat snndy load fo! lr6!.ak and ,Gnda

sotl 6e!tss. Ihe cfay content ol th€3€ sotls lanqed flom

T6..r-3t.20 t,)raxlNh ror EutEy oaL\ e€!-er .nr ths lo{€6t cL4r-L\t/in [unnn rotl selles, sUtcdtcnt ranqed frofr 23.2-6a.4 %

ktth mnxtmufr in Kottl lgrel and (1ntruo ln Kunda.otl se!i6s.

Tie Eand corttent valied flom 3.4o-'1o.4o %, tho naaimm tn

xund. $.i tlic niD1ruh 1n Tarnab 3ot1 .er1e3,

IdrcTde IlnE content ot these eolls langed flom 1.9o-

21.32 1, the highe.t conbent uae tosd ln Miluard soll 3€!1e.

and rhe mlnlrum llre cdtent ,a3 foad 10 'tund.

soil serles

.9rs-aqi9-l]al!e!

fhe o.gaolc ot th€ 3ol1s Eder studt

llnged flori o.13-r.?a'la {ith hlghect vslu€ betdq found l!Klfrt soil series ond the lotcct In r.sda sotL s€E1€s

!.1€slrl-saL-!gqdila!lrdLy

The electllcal cooductlvtty o! the 3oUs laaged

from 0.11-2.45 r@h/ch. rhe Io{e! hetnq losd tn shahbaz-

galbi ald the hlshc.t ln lltetl soll 3e!1es (T'b1e-1b) '

fhe rt: of tne s.tulat€

sttrdy langed fem 6.73 to ?.99

P!3te oI th€ solts L**

and the hlqbest tn Xhizan'r 3o1l sc!!es (Table-rb)

-45-

chrlacte.lsttcs o!25 dif€..dt 3^rI sarGs of N.vl.F.P.

sultd p|f

c r-t. rr, L^nrsrooa*"' <-llatrl la1€I

/ (uf i.-')

o.a5

2. 30

o,62

o.la

o.56

o.62

o.45

o,la

o.59

o.63

o. ?3

o,l3

o.89

o.a5

1.12o.36o.591.49o.?3

7,7L7,A9

7.17

7,1a7.61

1.94?.sl7.69

7.65

7.54?.50

1.797.52

20,791?.28

20.5222.4\2L.97!2.422a.25

41.3122.4L

20.2530.5r

26.3523.22

14.a526.19

110

t20240225

140

210150

130

2to

,dk*'..-n*'t

?7I

7?. $v. rwL^.a

""oJ n

Avirr.bla Etorbh^ru3 ind !^r..4rrm

nv3ilable ph€photus (NalPo3 extractarrre) and

6vs!1db1e potlssiurn (l{Hao,\C €xr.accnble) o! ih€ sotls under

study .ang.d flm 12.42-41.31 and 1oo-27o pgn le3pecttvely.

'rh€ mlnirum phoiptbds ,as fouad tn Missa serles init the

hiqrrert tn sultan pu! s€llos. Tbo minltum avatltsb]e potcselum

{i,s foudd th Tanab and naja! soll seltes and the Eal@m tnKufrt sotl selJes (?able-Ib).

xre.i!r-lG$s:!4-clhe .e:u1t obtalned on the lr6sh Gtte! yield as

lnfluenced by varlde do6es of zn Iertlflzati@ hs besgtven tn tabls-2.. The results for tbe ?-n do.es reEe slanl-tlcant at l, % 1eveI oI siantftcf,nc6 (appendtx-2). fho

hlghest fr.sh n3tte! yield ot 19.a2 g/Oor {as obtalnad

lrom tbe tleatr€nt lect€vtnq lhe hlg\cat atose of zn fe!t!-

Ltzntlon 1.e,, 5 ppm, thl! ts tolloi6d bt th€ tleatd€nt

leclevtag 2.5 ppm Zn aod thd loue5t vteld o! 16.44 g/pot

,r. obtnlncd {he!e no zn ,.e alplte.l. Moleove!, the th!€e

levels of apprie; zn uere rtqDiftcantlv iliffelent flon olte

anothcr shooloq tbe lcslDnse of Gtze to tsclcaslng ]4ets

resultr {e!e obtalned bv Gupta add Utttal/

ihit the ytotd of green qtam hcrased

due to 5 ppm zn tn corparlsd to o pph zn'

lean f!€.h Dcter yleld produced {e!e 12.59?

|..

d-o

13.32, 14.33, L4.56, L4.79. t5.!7. 15.tO, 15.39, L5.54,

15.56, 15.A1, l5-94, 16.1O, t6.22, L7.L!, t7.a6, 11.72,

20.22. 20.42, 20.6t, 20,96, 21.56, 21.49, 23.56 dd30.74 g/tbr. Ploduct Lv lty ln En BscendlDg o.de! rag

oaleak z Mlsll z (6tttkh.l z Burh6n a &)azan.z

'Ian < Shabqada! a lialdan Z Kochalt Z (ut!l <shabazgalhi z Milrard Z sthei(ot < Darqal acharsadda < sultan p!! < tam6b z P€sh.war<

Gulllana . P1!6abaJ< z l4ans@*a z Do@1 z M&saZ

1Ag9-z ing -&!! E.rl ec'r.s-:*!€s!!9u-

-hteractl@ ot sotl and 2n fertlllzatlon {aF non-

slgntflcant. Hdeve., Ralat sot! 3€!tos produced th€

highest fresh mattBr yleLrt at all th€ 1€v€Is of

€pptteat zinc- It becores clea! th3t th€ 6th€!

physlcal aDd ct'ehlcal proPertlet of thts 5011 selle5

oere sultable fox the nornal gtodlh of the ctopr

A3 req.rdi tb€ vartos solI se.tes, dlfferences

an@q these Dete a!.o 6tqntftcant at r X l€ve! o!

slqolftcaoce {Appen.ttx-2). Tbe btshest flesh ett€ryteld of 3o-7a q/pot ,as obtah.d floo Ralarcoil

6e!1€s b€ing stq.tftc6ntly dtffor€nt froo the re@1n1n9

3o1I s€!1es tolldod by Ksda. It Gy b€ due to th. rot7

91't"*'*t l'*dV'/'

Tabi 6-2. !lliel**9f-zl9-Lf9$ll.13aqoq_-a!-lresh-o3!!er@

r9rl96-of--!4i&!:

53.oO

65.OO

6t.oo

53.oO4 3.50

61.50

43.?O

46.4o

YII9:-

42.50

€rE51.OO

59.oO

39. Ao

57. SO

35.60

€fqh1

thl

52.05

55.50

61 .50

55.oO

4 3.5046,20

3?.50

l5.l?20.22t7.72

20,6I

20. g9

91,4916.2221.56r?.5614,56

14.3314. ?9

16.10

20.4215.9'l15.5413.3215.30

L2.59

r?. ?5 b 1a.52 a

ri-(

C"'""":\l

liE content of these soll 3e!te3 uhtcn night h6ve

favdred the avatl.blllty o! most of the nutrients.'Ihe conparattve Io{ yteld of xuDda 5ot1 series mtghl

be due to ant3qdastlc eif€ct of Cu o! tln d zttrc as

the oltsLnal sotl content o! th.56 €I6@rts rd Eg!(Tabte-9 ). rhe t@e€t yteld of 12.59 g/pot anat

R4 . P-gr'

-)---a'

whtclt ilqht not be fova!.bto condltto@ fo! nonal

tte htersctlon .rcDg tb. zlnc 1del3.nit sotlrerl€3 {er€ f,iud non-slqniflcBnt. Horove!, the btgt!€st

Tliili\ot tresrr ploduc.d flod RaJar sotls€.163 rl all tbe th!€€ l.vol5 of ztnc.

!rI--$!!c!-Jl.e13

lhe d!t3 @ the dry dactor yleld of malz€ aE

lofludnced by ztnc fertilttatl@ Et valtou6 tdels tn

25 sotl serles of N..i.!'P' a!6 91v6n !n tabre_3' stmilar

to ths fEsh @tter yleld the tesults $re slqDlftc6lt

lo. Zn levels .s flell as for sotl series as i' ctea!

tlom aa,p6dtr-2. Tbe hlghest dly 6tte! yteld of

t},^4w*6|ffiv

2.62 q/(a. {as obtahod fr@ the trgato€nt !ecl41nq .\!

rhe hlghe:t zn rettlllzatton i.€., 5 ppm.f?'t" *" --lt-r--to') u ^-v

^,.- I.. \ *...

,/-{";,'r"- q\t'"", '**/ J')

followed by the tleat@nt r6c1€vln9 2.5 ppo zn fertt-flzailon. fbe lowest yield or 2.$ g/r6t {6s rocloved!!om the tr.at@nts ,ne!e no zd lertillzartdr ra. don..Both the 1€vets of ztnc trt.d ln these hvesttqattd!lnceased tlE yteld slgnlltcanrly ov€! control 1.6r,s.lthout zl,nc. By c@pallnt rh6 t{o levefs of ztnc ,tthoach olh6r it {as found that th6!€ HaE no stgntft.antdtfference botdeen th€ tro,-It seeme froh these !6su!tsthat the crop resFoDlded to thg lrrpllcatloD o! zlnc

3nd the 2.5 Fpm zn level ,s! f@nd as .n opttrum 1ev6l

fo! @iz6 clop beydat uhlch th€ lgspdse uas not

ftrese lesults are simtl.! to Chude dd Oblgbesan

(19a3) and cenes et aI., (1961). Amr. et ar., (rgar)

slnllar reEults {e!6 obtalo€d by Gopar slngt! and rakk.!(r96r). l--'

ReS.rdlnS the dtfferent sotl sertes the d.tmatte. yield uas afso statlsttcally dlffe!€nt at I x

level of slqntficnnce (app€ndix-3). The htghest ylald

of 4.56 s/pot {d obtalDed trofr Ral.! 6otl seltes

follored by r6nda soll 5€!l,ea, rt mlght be due to th6

1o, lt@ cdtent of th6e solt se!1e6 as €xplatned

tn c!36 of fresh matte! y1.Id. rtre ]owast yl€tds o!

1.?1 6nd l.A1 g/!ot *ere cbtalned from fi6lsak and Mte!1

-6!-

rabre-3.@@

.oI.&iii.8J!

zrnc.!plr.d

6. ao

a.20

?.30

6.2a6.606.905. ?o

5.30a,2a?.507.O5

5.O

?.506.2a

13.20

9.50

5.405.406.O5

2,642.242.61{.563.L2

3.34

2.503.502.46

2.31

2.322.24

2.27

2.161. ?1

13. ?O

1.50

6, SO

5. ?o

5.so i

th

2.34 b

-1":11

2.57 a

({*

-62-

3011 5e!1es {htch m6y b€

{hlch d1d not !3vou! th.hlqht lot b€ tav@rabl€

du€ ro htqh pH .nd s.nd coDtent

avatl3btLlty of Zn to DIaDt and

condlttoM fo! Pl8nt Ito*th.

The @aD dly matt€r vlelds Ploduced {er€ l'?r,t.ar, r.93, 2,04, 2.c6, 2.O9, 2.L6, 2.22' 2.24, 2.21,

2.3\, 2.32, 2,32, 2.46, z,ao, 2.64. 2.61' 2.7O' 2,91'

3.O, 3.12, 3.44, 3.50, 4.56 g/pot.

Ploducttvtty i. .5c€ndiog orde! ras tl'rsax

Mt3!t z ualdan z Bulhan z Kochatl z &ttt lalelz

shahblzgarht < Pesha*sr < St(ha](ot z ruftl<Chals6dda z xhiz6na z sh.bqailat z l'lll"1d4

sultan Fr! z Dalgal z Tan z T'Fab z xt35a'

Ddre1 < Pllssbaq z Culltss z tlans@k. .Dal

Kunda Z &atar 3ot1 eErtes, r€sp€cttv€lv'

-i#rr-

t-*

rt ts noted that the n3rlrum dtv oatter vleld

of Ralar, Kunda, lsns@ko and Gulllana sotl aell€s ra5

sot} !8PA and o.9, 1.65, 1.44 and 2'o oltgtto1 3011 alc

sIFa Zn. Th€ yt€ld u6! tnconstst!'t Htth r€5p€ct to

obtai.ed {lth 0.6, o.5, o.?5, tnd o'9 PF

zn conteD! ,n th€ !e3! ot tho seEl's Houever'

ted o. the ba3l5 0t c!1tlc5L tev€L'

*oo'

!€sponetve ana non!€sponslvs sorl s€!t6{ hai b6€n de11De6-(v

-63-

the lnteractlons b6t*6en th6 ztnc 1ev€1s ard

so11 selles qere lo6d ns-stgntflcant. Horever. thehtqhest ytelds of dly @.ter {€!e plodued !!om Rajar

soll serleir .r all the thre6 l€vels 0t zlnd.

Eftect; .f z^ Fertlltzatlon on rho Av6!r.:b16 zngolle.t of 2s sorLb!l9r_!l1-!j-4jlj!-

Available Zn eytlactod by tro nethods from

25 sott selies of, N.tt.!.t. 6t had6st 15 glve. htabl€-4-5 and app€nd1x-4-5.

r.y€ dvrtlabre zn conrenr of sofls .,tlacred la. ".*a.

by both the methods !65 stqnlflcantly tncreased ulth /zn fertiltzacloh, rhe hlgh€gt.ontent of zn Es dtrs+ |

ted by both the mthods eh6n the htghost a.* "i ,. *"

\applted 1o rhe sotl, betng stEntltclntly dLttete r ftdt/

the lo{e. dose of zlnc.

h cas€ of D1PA 6xtlrctlon th6 avatl3bre zn

cootolt das hcre3sed {tth tncreaslnq zn feftlllzattd'the hlghest zn cohtent of 2.5? ppn (AB extracted flon ?rh6 pots tleat€d ,lth 5 Ppo o! Zn ferttllzattoD fol!4€itby 1.66 ppm extlactabto zn, flom tots tle:ted ulth

2,5 ppn Zn and the lor€st zn {as extract€d flom tbe pote

r€c€lvinq no zn fe!t1]tzat1on.

-64-

rabte-4. ulsgl-afulElr.r!!.lzrlleD-!tr-llE!-extEllrbrgz. contcnt ln 25 dirlerrnt F.11 serr.r 6f N.rr.F.P,

z

5,641,74

1,423.34

5.34

4.6 3

7.t4

4,35

5.o

6.712.244.65

3,542.21t.62

r.19

2.b

2.3i

3.?5

l.6s

,.21

9.657.2t

a.59

7,73?.16

t2.34

lo.02

2.051.73

2,oS2.70

o.951.21

1.14

1.62

2.44!.752.05

r.33

-, -6 6'/z .s.t

\! {v

-65-

,,\-

& leqards th€ .xtlactable zn conteht of th€

soll s€!te., th6 btghoat zn content cE3 ett.acteit flonKufll so{I seriosr b6tDq stgnlftctDtly dtftelent from

the other soll 6€r16s, follored by raftab and Kochali

solr seties. h ca56 of kuflt th€ maxtrum svillabUttvof zn mtsht be due to IoH 1tre .nd c{, htgh olqaolc

matt6! content 65 rcIt as ortqtnal zllc tevel of th€

tte to.€st zn j,.e., O,99 ppn e65 oxtlacted

fron $rabaza6rht follok€d bv O.95 pph frd Dlrqal

sotl €€!ies, Ho@er. tb6!€ 163 an 4erlapplng of

varid3 grdp6 rhlch se€G du€ to the na!!d rans€

6f zlnc content of thes€ sollt.

I.teractt@. betreen v.tt@s zn leve13 and

soil sertes {e.6 fould Dod-stgntficant' }lo'eve!'

vq!!l soll selies had htqhe! zlc co'tents at aII

the three levels o! aPplt.d ztDc aE comDaled {!th

trre othe! soll 3er1e3.

Itr€ zn ertracted by NH,!COr,mPA mthod t'5--

61so slqntflc:nt as !.r s! th6 lovel and sotl sertes

ale con.elned (Tab!e-5). Trre hisbest zn t'e '

3.65 ppN wrs €xtracted trom th' potE tleated dtth

5 ppm zn follo{ed bY 2.42 ppn ttsated *lth 2'5 pps

Elrsl-eL.4-!-s f6rr1t lzat ion oh NH4!99llF!4e}:tr.ct3bl. zlnc .otr,nt ln 25 dllferent 6011

s€!16s of N.l.l.F.P.

z1nc .pprbd (ppm).--2;5 5;o\

lld aYt. z{.. (mm)

1l.o!

10.99

7.625.565.o97.645.c|95.636,96

4.931.71

7.41

1.16

4. At

9.42

L4.24L2.42a.069.467.r3

11.12

11.554.42

t5,62t1.52

10.!412.83

9.3?

14.14

2.5A AE

1.64 E

1.35 C

2.1? A&

1,05 rac

2.!2 AEC

3.11 ailc2.oE l\!0

l

6.77

?.60

2,152.513,141.632,483.11

3.3r

2.16

4.L24,924,67

6,441. SO

2.AA

(_s!!!Lo9-''

\c"sAo*

-61-

zn and tbe lo{est Zn L,e,, 2.23 ppd uas €xtracted

tho pots r€ct€vtnq.o Zn !6rttllz.tion. l4oleov€r,

zlnc contents of Eot{rNer!r.stgn j,f j,cstly dlff€lentflom one anothe! duo to applic.rlon of varl@s zhc

In c6E€ oi sotl s6!!€5 the hl?heet zn cont€nt

of 3.7? pgn {as extlacted flom Kufri 5011 sertes

follo{ed by 3.66 pEn fro( Tsroab sotl setles. Hooeve!,

the kufr! s4tl s€rte3 ra6 comparlbl€ ulth @5t oi tt!€

so11s s€rtes unat6r 5tudy. The hdltun.vatlabl]it, ot

lzD Ir Kufrl solt eert€s hight be -dG-_g!g!BE and

hlgh otqanlc malte. cdtent ot th€ 6otl ohtch €actl t_

tated tha dlllablllty of zn tn sotl. l'he l@e3t zn

i.e,, 1.35 pF {as extracted f!o( Dalga1 sotl 5erle3

Eotts' Horev€r'followed by 1.44 ppm tlom sh.lDazqtrhr I

thee ,as an werlapPtng o! v3llous gFlps {hlch mtEht

be du€ to th€ nirro{ rangq o! tlnc 'oottnt' of thesg

.61t.. IDte!6ctlos .nbt€ th. valLou' ld6lt of 2l'c

and valtdrs soll 6€!ies {e!€ found non-s1gnlftcaDt'

!io!eov€!, the zn cdtent o! 6ott '€t€ EiEotllcantly

atiflelenr from @e anoth€r d(E to appLt'attoD of

valtous zn Id€Is. HoN6ver, tbo Kufll 6otl seltos

{as cohp6rable {lth noEt of tb€ soil B€lies uDdet.

-69-

Ztn. C6ntent of Plants

lne results (tab1,e-6) ttrdlcrted that the

dtfferences d@ to Zn taels on th€ zn cootent ofpLancs were stqntficanl at I ta level of stgDlrtcance

and a. lncrease 1n the zn level lncreased the z.content of the p1.nts tn s tlnea! patteln. Th€

hlqhc.! zb cont.n| of !45.13 ppn {as extlacted f.om

th6 pots lecetvtnq 5,o ppm Zo followed by 123.01 Fpm

zn cont€nt lrom !o!5 lectevtnq 2,5 pph zn teltlltzattonsnd ths lo{est zn coDt€nt 6f Lo4.22 wn zn €5 .xtlact.dfrom the pots olth@t zn !e!tM2atton. stmllar lesutts

as6 reported by schnappldge., Maltens and Hdktns3 (1969)

dd orues et aI.; (196r), }lolad€r, the zlnc cdtents 0f

p1ant3 due to appltcatloa of vorlous levels of 2!nc "€r€Elqntf!cr.tly 4lffer€dt fron on6 rnother-

As lesards tho sotl 5e!l€3 ttE results {e!€

tound non-s19n1f1c1nt. Hod6ve!, the blgtrest z1nc coDteDt

of 6?.9? ppm {as recorded to c!,e of plant collected

tlon sh.bqada! soit ee!1e3. lhe ranqe of zlnc 1o coh

plants collected frod va!145 5011 selle' oas fFm

2?.91 pPm to ?9.9? Fpn which i5 lD accotdance rlth tho

values rePolted by K.tyal and Ratdha{a (1943) ' dhlch

{hoNr th3t the pla.ts ale n6lth€! deftct€nt nor toxlc

lb rosp€ct of

Table-5.@@ eLL!:3=!.

2.4

(s:l<hok9t /

13?.r

42.6?4.9

r28.1

?a.g

143.3t 3r.6

t4?.3

t57.9195.4

728.7

1r9.9lo2,1102.1722.1115.1

t22.9114.2119.3

165.9

131.4

1A9,2151.9

111.t9a.6

149.4

16 3.orll.o95.162.4

113.399,13

85.9120.e

50.26 NS

49.86 NS

54.22 NS

37.23 NS

36.64 Ns

35.A1 NS

46.62 r{s

40,25 N5

32. r NS

32.44 Ns

36.9A NS

31.50 NS

2?.91 NS

51.14 NS

39.91 NS

6?,9? NS

a*\* .tj\

t40.22 il3 A

btera.tlon o! sotl x zn

1n natz6 Pl3nts un3 slgnlftc lnt

hte!.ctlon3 €mng tbe varlow level3 of appl led

zinc 6nd v.ltoue sotL oorle. {6re alto foun'l stgntficant'

HoBover, the soll 3eri6E havtng the htqh6st zlnc contents

of plants I'e., shabqads! *a3 al'o found {tth htqher zrnc

contents ot pIants.i both the 1€v61s of zlnc aFpltcatlon

than th€ other 6011 3sr1e3.

As teqards th€ effeet of serlos the r6sults ale

noo-slgnlftcant. The hlghelt zn 'oDtent

l" 6't'9? ppm

{as c*rtrcted f.@ sh6bqad'! 3o1I 3cEtes' It ls du€ to

the htqh orgallc oatte! content of the sotl aDd n1'1D(

zn content t.e-, 2?.er ,as extlact€it c'"|d""x") t"'r

sertes- It ts clear flon thes€ rgsults that ttre zo

codtelt of p13nt ts nor@t add th63€ ala netlhef d€fl-

clent nor toxlc.1n c!:,6 of zn content

at t x l.v€l of atgnt-

comparlsd .+ the EYtrFctro' !46thods

A solt te6t d3t allo{ for th€ €eparatton of

r€spons{vo flom non-tesponslv€ gotla 'cc6E'lln'l

to $o

arcunt extlacted. It should lnittc6t€ ths r€fatlve

supplytng po{e! ot a soll for a nut!1'nt an'l should

e*troct the plant "6vatlaItlo" labllE P@r o! the

nutltent being tested'

Before itnrttns th€ €xpertEnt the orlgh6l

sotl sadples {ere analtBed for zn content bv two metbod€

of extlacti,on. rhe avallablo zn o! the 50iI6 lanqed from

o,39-I.2o aod o.9o-2.55 pptn fo! DTPA and M4llco3 mPA

eatractioD t€tbod lesp€ctfely (a6ble-?). lhe mintrum and

maxtrun avatlabl6 Zn {as €xtlact€d by totr! methods flofr ?RaJar and kufrt 6ot1 eerjas rcap€ctiv€Iv' Ev conparlns

the rean er-tlactabl€ 21nc of tho t{o rethods tt '6s fdn'l

? thzt 2.5 tiree @.€ zlnc ,63 extlocted bY NH4licol^vrPA -rethoit thd the D4PA. Ho{evsa ihs mlDitum and Gttrun zo

tJt

ext!3ct€d f.d 6atu sotl€s bY the tro mtho'Is'

thls sho{s that botb @thodE €xtlact @zt rlod valloE r'

sodrn a sloUa! *.v ulth th' onlv itlffarence ln the

€xtractlon cap6cltv. It t5 conc)ud'd that both th€ @tbo'13

of extlaction exttact .tmtta! 'fi4't of zlnc fron phvslco-

chemrcaltY 3tmlr.! 3olls.

sIml1at i€sutts ale obtatnod bv sultan pou! sit

scha{b (19??). as tbe temp€ldture of €xttactton t65 hlgb'

the hlqh €xt!.ct1on (av b€ due to hjgh temperatute' tllE

<6." tilU"ppo'".a bv rind3av nnd Noderr (1e?e) and Khan

and soltan Pou! (19?Sl '

?"-*(".""-

-72-

UtPi aad IrH rCO- 9tif.

xH4tCCa tlli oxt.zn

o.5A

o.60

o.?50.34o.90

o,?5o.63

o.50

o.t5t.20

1.10

1.34

1.6?

o.95l.a4

1, A5

1.55

t.@1.801.161.35

1. A?

2.@L.41. A9

t. ?9

9t

too

too96

92

91

a5

-73-

C.ltlcal Ldels

S9.1J!

Ilre Glze fesponoe End eoil teet levet {as

waluot€d Ity c.t. and N.icon g!.phtc.l tuthod. Uslnq

th16 nethod c!1tlc6l IN61! ,.!. .Bt.bllEh6d lorsolI tests by tdo methods tn relatton to Bray pelcent

dry @tte! yteld (!4-r-2). Tt66e tlgu!€e .hou thatthe crtttcal lavels 6f DTP.! dytractable zn and NHIEO3

DIPA extlactable zD in 5olle a!€ 0.56 and 1.o ppm

lespoctlvety. Thesa Fsulta !!e l! accoldance ulth

th6e of navll. a.d soltan pdr (r98t), ?ahl. (19?5)

anit Lauer (1992).

4r!lcu51ng cat€ .nd Nel3on 6€thod3 as descrlbeal

ln plevi4s parcaraph tt€ c.ltlcal lcvel In plant

{s dalu3ted u5149 BlEy 'a

dly msltet on Y-dls

6nd zn coDcentratlon tn ptont on x-6ats (Flg-3).

fb€ cEitlcal level wac tound to be 35 ppm. {blch

seere to be hlgher thsn tho valuo r€pott€d rty

Eodgson (1966). llndssy and Norvelr (19t9),

chaFlan 11959), lohi. (19?5). rbk frav be exp16t.€d

by the flndtnq6 o! clu€n €t 61., (1965), uho Dot6d

that {hen the root zone tedp.latu!€

zhc 1. absolbsd by th. loots but !t 3t6vs ln loot

-7a-

I ti' *{ 3It1!

q,T

s!

t

EXIIACI BLE 2n pDn

otPA.rtrclr.t. Zn $d B.or p.rc.nl l|5Flg* i.|jlonttle

0 t PA

-71-

r!-* -||{-dt-

I

' Hlrco-D t PA EXnC A'E Zt'| ?tt

Fi!t: R.ldhMhlD !.t'{.n NSaHC%DIFA 'rlnlitlb Zn o||d

Ino

!

E ry p.rc.rl tl.ld .

'ot t^'3

s

6,iu) "*. contEilr -

\r-._-_a _Fre:!: R.rt.d'rip ' !i-". g"/ z" .*-t

:"

a0

DPM

At!t p.ri.nt yl.5 '

-77-

cells, {hen the !@t 20n€ tsmpelature tnc!€6ses, gleater

amounr of zn con t.avel lri to th6 top or €illble palts 0f

the planl, rr.ce mtn€lils n@€ slooe! uh6D plant's .@ts

!cll!le-n-!-gelI

Tte mPA €xtractable zn of Tntu, Pllsabak, Dorel.

Mtss., Kunda and &r62.nl sotl E€!1€E 13 less thao 0.56 pp|n

(Fts-r. Tabre-?), rhus these solls .to dallci€nt tD av61la-

b1e zn aid sat gtve .e6ponno to nal2e, !1ce, sovb.an,

sorghus. lield b€.m, {h.at, lbtatoes, baltey and grourd

tut. gor6v€., ac@rdtno to NH,ICO. dIPA ertt.ctabl€ mthod -

odly RaJa!, Dotui and Mi3ss e€s€ f@nd al'etlclst L ztnc

as the ztnc cont6nt of these 60u6 i6 Is35 than 1.oo ppn

(F1q-2, Tab16-?).

tt 16 co.eluatad flor tlE dtll€rences o! r€sult5

by t{o @lhods that th€ tro rethods bchsv€ diff6!€ntl!clth Eespect to plant !€3poDE6 10 terG ot clttl'al

1evel, only Domel antl Mtsss soit sert€s are t4trd

defict€lt by both n€thods. FuEthe! tt das loted that

tb€ ext.actlon eapaclty of M4Itco3^D4PA Gtho'l le

2.5 times mle than th. ltr9A m.thoil.

-14-

::;i'ii:::::.::.:?::":::'9i"iri:""#i:*:1{:' "collet.tlon atudl€s {6!6 naaa amng extractabLa

zlnc, Fhys tco-chehlcal ch'lact'!tutics-of sot! 6od vleld

palaretei5 (Table_st ' mpA anil NH4tfo3iaPA extlactablg

zo {.s posltivelv and nd-slgntftcintlv cdrletat6d {lth

clay c@tent ol the sott' llh€ !-values d6!6 o'22 and

o,o5 fo! both @thod! r€opectively' slnllar lesults

H€Ee leported o"(otn')tt""'l {ho lepolted rhat Iarqe

propoltton of zn, ia c" *'" Pt.""nt tn tbe cray

flacttd tban otrers'

I'tfa extlactaltt6 Zn {a3 negatrlety dil

non-stgnif lc.ntty corletat€d'lth ttre' Jlosever'

no corlelatlon {a3 lound b€t'eeo tfi4rco3:rPA

ertlactable zn and liB' SIdIlar '€sulti {er€

repolted bv !{ahend" and slnsh (1961) a'd olabl

DcPh aod NH4Hco3 6at!act6b16 zn w'rs loslttvelt

6nd 6ot-slqnlIlcaotly correlated {tth otqantc natt€r'

the !-v5!ues betng f4nd {e!€ o'34 6nd o'35 t€6p€c_

tlvery' stnll3r !e3!1t6- t€re r6ported rty Gupta' RaJ

':€usa! et aI"jnd .jlnsh (rqso). slrr.np6t (1962) and '. -

{ ( -*. ^^'(19?9) -

-19-

the m!'n !n.l NH4llco3tM oxtracl:bl€ za ,as

n€9at1v6r9 and non-rlgntttcnntlv colFlat6d {tth tsr of

eotl- atl€ !-valu€s belng -o.o4? and -o.ol4 !€3racttv6)v'

slnl}a! t.3u1tE {€!€ r€port€d bv Rattln and D'b (1961)'

cupta, et aI.. (1930).

No co!!€l.ttd tls fdnd betqeen €Iectrtcat

conducttvlty and [l|lPA and NHaHCO3^'!PA aa'tlactabte zD'

These te5ults a!,r tt accordancs otth rolL€t anil l'ind8av

(19?o) {ho retDEte.l nulr cotrolatlo' o! avallaltle zn ed

xn {rth clectrtctl conductlvlty !n toll p'otu€e of

crav *rs rDsitrverv and slgntflcantrv colrelateil

{lth 1t@ and organlc fr'Ete! *htle s postttve but Destg't-

ftcant cor.otatton *as ot'tatned *tth !ll' lhe !-v'!ue5 rer€

o. 44, o. 44, o'24 Ee3lect ively' !l-o!€- olga'ic

tron in clae *1J TI b. dE to e.99:-e:f-:j-11 grch subee-

quentry oass 1e3s decdlDsttton ot olg'dtc natter'_

Ltre {e Fbsltlv'lv coffel't€il elth 6lect!ic'1

conrlucttvlty and dt ot thB 5011' rt'€ co!!€l'tld 'lthelectrtcal conductlvltv {as non_elsntlicaDt ohtle that

,lth dr 1t {.s stqni!1'5nt' fir€ r-v6lu€s et!€ o'o9 6nd

o.43 resFectivelv. tiE rc!' accurutatl6n o! ti@ th€

-0o-

TabI.-S, 9q=!ffr.hnt 6r c6!!.1.t rd :.r!ng :'xtr'ctlbr !6::;-i chr.rctt'lqtrc. ^nd vield D"am't'6

C16y

clst

o.224

-o.063

o,339

-o.ol2o,o5

o.taz

-o.ol'1

-o.066o.441

o,tt45

o,2 34

0.435

-o.?1

1 to2 Ns

-o.3o3 NS

l.?29 ll3

-o.2 ll5

-o.o5' tso,2a2 N3

t.ao2 N5

-o.o6t N3

2.356 I2.344 S

l.l?? NS

o.,l!2 NS

2.31a 6

-1.36 NS

-o.4,o Ns

cl!y

dl

$r

cr

*l

-81-

Tabl+3 (cdttNed)

!-vafue t-value

2.52 NS

1.3

-o.23 N5

2.,r4 s

?.31 S

'-o.l

NH_I€O^ I'lP Ext.

o.65

o.3l

o.84

mPA antl NH4fico3/rnla ertractable zn tas

bog6ttv€Iy onat ncn-stcnlf lcantlt cot.elated {tth tl5sue

th€ .-vatuos Bele _O.27 anit -o.OA respec-

tively fo! both @!hod3, ft!16_tay-be due to dtagnonF- ?!q-vl)

trc offc.L of cu. Fc and Mn d t\c uptske of zn. stnc€ ,,.f:'d

t\e orlshal sorl contentE of cu, Fe and "" "" tbty" 5t1taNff jcle"cy lev€}s of _Eh€eo (T3bIe-9) ' Ihos6 re$rt8 F4r-a!es'mt1a!toth66obta1n€dby!edf1net6t.,(l9s3){ho found a neqitive Don_t tga 1f j.c ant collelatlon

-!l:(r = -o.2s)Wit\/;)ta ertr.cLable soll zn ana prant

mPr' and M4i€o;^mPa extractabre zn afte!

hadest {as posltlvely non-slgnlttc'ntlt collelated {1tb

!ts$c zn content' Tno !-vtlue3 ne!€ o'4? anil 0'26

resFectlvely for tro mthod3. Ae the concentlat1on ot

zn tn the soll tncle!.ed wtth lts addltlon, @t€ zlnc

,.s uitltzed by thE plant. lbese !€sults af,e ln agt€E@nt

ro that tound by sdknl ot aI., (1941).

No.or!d!6tion {i5 found bet'€€n dIPA and

Nt{-lro: trPA ertllctab!€ zn tr1th Blav * uptake' Fulthe!

Hork ts needed h orde! to co"trm these results' Chand

an<t slngh (1960) found 6 poalttv€ colrelatlon bet{a€n

IN rlH{oac ea{Enclabl€ cu and slry'r r€rent vleld'

mPA &d NHallcodltlPr evtractable ztnc 6f the

sot! dns f-stttvely dnd 6tgalftcantl, cotrelat€d oithglat lgreen (atte! yt€ld. Ih€ r-values dere o'41 6nd

O.45 r€specttv€IY.

XiIPA dd NH4!COf tIPA e*ttacta|le Zn {as

posltlvely and slgnlitconlly correl3ted 'ith Bray t

dly nalter yleld. Th€ !-volu65 {e!e 0'60 aod 0'65 fot

both rethods rcspe.ttvely. Slmila! coffelatton botween

D4!'n extractable zinc ard Bt6y's per€nt yleld w's

6btlined by cupt: lnd MlttJ (1941) for qteen gEad

uslng non c.Icaleous solls of Indta' Gopa! and tatkar

(19s1) also reportod . Dosittv€ slgtlflcf,nt 'oltelatlonbecooen glr,;! extracrible zn ald Blay t tlEv ctt.! Yleld

{tth !-value of o.??.

T1re origln.I tnPr\ and NH4IiCo3,DTFA ettractrbl€

zn of tbs 3oif urs posttlvelv Bnd iron-stgnMcantlv

colrel<ltcd Hitb trla and NH4tFO;Drr',l evtracc'ble zn

aftcr haFe.t. The r-vf,Iue {ore o'31 and o'2o resp6c_

tlvely fo! two retho.ls.

mPA ad l$4rco;^Dr!!A €xt'act3bre zn das

rDslt!ve1y and siqntttctllv collefated ulttt eacb

other. fhe r-value {3s o.84. slntlar results dere,.119) .!6a-orted by soltan pour and ror(han \r:

-44-

s14eg++lEiTIes af N.rl.F'P.

Nlr tco-mPa extractablecua te zn Mn

2.332.45

1,94

1.20

5.L26.521.25

o,45

o.42

o.38

17,02

27.4631,16

5.46

4.32

3.51

L.29

Ia.15

16.3413.52r0.?4

15.94

35.56

33.44

26.54

20.3840.6428.06ll.r4

1.34 42,r.50 13.1, a? 33.

1.33 34.

r. g4 29,

t.g5 3A

1.65 33

l.a5 41

t. a2 39

1. eo 28

1.14 71

r.85 4a

1.S? 4€

2,OO,4l1. ge 3:

1.89 4l2.1o 2t

1,65 3.

\.79 2.

!. ?9 Ii

25.40

3a,50ao. s6

1.34 5.1,1 0.?62.14 L2.6A O.75

2.91 11.?4 0.631. ae 6.74 O.60

1.51 12.O4 0.50o.91 6.12 0.941.83 ?.80 0' 95

3.30 14.42 1.20

1.5? 9.34 O.901.26 6.90 O.94

2.62 1.29 O.94

1.93 1?. ?o 1.lo2,oA 9.74 0.@o.45 5.a2 O,63

o.90 12.92 0.50

28.64 3.2929.42 6.443t.62 7.42

39.30 2.46

35.64 0. ?9

3B.Se 4.4225.04 3.5424.74 6.1220.6A 1.62t9.aa 4.7519.66 1.Og

12.66 1.63

-65-

SOI'!{AAY AND Co|€LUSION

noplesentsttv€ sotl e!:iDlo6 lrd a d€Pth o!

o-25 cn setu cotlecteal fron trenty ttve eo11 5e!1ee o!

lgrt.ultur.t tmportsnc. tn N.ir.F.P' 1..., Tas, P..h.r.r,ramab, Rolar, ptrsalrak, Doml, Mans@ka, H1ssa, D6!9.1,

KDda, Sultan rur/ BurbaD, Ctrarsadd., Kattl KheI. xh.z.na,

,Skh€koi, x.!dan. r(uf!l, Gulllon6, Mi.1".rd, xochBlt. Mkrt,

shatqadar, sbahb62s6lht Bnd tlaBsL. lhele 8an'dl€s {er€

analysed !o! !e^{u.. ll!€. olgonlc @tter, el'ctlical

conducttvtty, tsr, avatlsDLe pbosFhorus, 6vatl'bt€ potas6tu

anal trIJ^ and lol4lreo;vlPa 6xtlsctabl€ 2loc. Hatz€ (cv' Azah)

w.s gron t! aatE at N.:J.F.P. a{Erclrtutat utrtv'Bitv"

!€s'rasar. the e*pclirsnt {as cdductetl tnjlsss houe'j !n

spltt plot d€stqn {ith thr.e lepLtcatlons ln th€ preselc€

ot basat dose of NPK (65 I !o ! 40 pPn) ' ziDc {a3 a![,It'il

.t the !.Le of o, 2.5, nnd 5'o FFd' Th6 crot' rr3 halve3ted

alrer tuenty 4e dnvs. Dat6 leEardtns fleFh *tt"r vrtld l,a--

dry d.tt€! Ytelc, Blay p€!e.4t qreen 6nd drv ftrtter yleld'

B.6y Dercont uDt6ke and €ffect ot zlnc tartlltzatlon on

Ir. o", ..u NH4tlco3 sIP^ extrnctablo ztrc w* recolded'

correl.tio. 3tliles {e!6 carlled out lmdq 'rtractnbl€zinc tly teo cthod6 .nd valtow lhyttco-chcmrcal ch6rac-

relbtlca 6nd vtetd pe!a@ter5'

-J'.rt I(

-46-

Tho tcxbute of, these sollt ringed frod 3tltv clav

loam to sandy loan, ttm fld r.9-27.32 /', orgnnic (Etter

!!qi o,13-1.r4 ,(. erectri.al c@ducttvttv fld o'11-2'45

i@hslcm, pil flon 6.?3 to ?.99. e'votlabte Irhosphotu lrm

\2.12-4\.3\ ppn, potasslum flom loo_2?o P!m, mPA er'tractsbLo

"lnc ftd o.3a_1,2o pF snd nH4tcoj^tlPA ti.tractlbte zLnc

t.od o.9o-2.55 FPn. fFA extEactable cu, tc nnd lrn cdtent

ol the 30113 vattoat ftom o."5-3_.3o, 5.r2_1?'7o aoit 12'64_

42.{4 Cm resilectively. NH4lEo3^trPi extt'ctable cu' !€ aoil

Mn ranqed !!om 1.06-4.?9, il.?2_41.56 and 12'96_44'5 ppm'

the rost tnPortont conclEtoD dladn fld tlrls

stuay drc a3 follou6:

L zloc ,ieftc:cnt toili {ere tdeottfted 'nlt theY '€t6

fnru, PtBabat, DoGL llls'6' Kunda nnd xhazana'

?. crittcol ldcl of zn tn Eoil for DIPA 6nd Nlr4rrco3_^

ttFr oxtractable ztnc {e!s ()'56 and 1'oo ppr

tfP.'. 6nd llll,lrco; ":nA

sxtr'ct'bLe zinc uas comp6!€d

-a c".r"r.riqo "i.n o-" *'"""" 'trv

natter vleld'

'rh€ cor!6latton co_glftclents bet{6€n tII'k $d

trrt,llco; -?rI\ €stlact6blc 2lnc and arav Pdrcent drv

*.*"'"taa vsre 0.60 and 0'65' rhe r vstues eho*

that both o! tl€s6 retbode coutd be saopt6d in dr!

Eotl fo! ldgntlfvtnq zn deftctent aoll'

-g?-

4. Ihe results of th€se tDo mthols cdld be apFttcabt6

!o! i.d.ntilylnq cu, Fe aDd l4n deftctent 6oils t@,5. a Deqotlve and b!-61qDlllcant cod€L.tton bet{€en

6xtloctsble zinc by mP]\ End NH,licc'i LIFA atul plant

uptake {as found. It @y be de to etsg@istlceffect of cu, I'e and Mn on th€ uptake o! zlnc.

6. th. (rlvorstty !n lesponEe to zlic lertltlzatton ln5om6 6otls {lth loo o! .doqu6te zlDc ld€ls may b6

de to the dtflereDc€8 ln tbe lhy5lco-chemtcal

chnllcte.i.ttcs of sotl *htch 6ffect the av.tlBbolty

?. It {as found tl6t 2.5 pFr 2tnc is 6n opt1run do..

for dtz. cr(p id th€a€ !o1! 56!1s.g. rhe crttlcar zlDc 1ev€t in prant (a3 fosit to be

35 !Fd.9. fhe onalysts of 3o1! qon not Preiltct {1th celtltaitv

the o.culanc€ of a deflcl.n.y of ztnc tn aoll!

-06-

3EEESEEE

2.

AhJad,q.M. 19t9. Reco@sls3ance soll sulv6v P"haH6r

val€. gotl suflev Ploject ot odt' Paktstnn'

Amln,M,n.A., !1.llarard!. t'M'A'ltbd6r azlz Bntl

M.M.l|ahn6od. 1e41. E l6ct of zt 5dd xn appl'cattd

b! dr!!€F.t rat6s and ctnode 6 cottoo pl$te'

agllc, Rea. Revie{' Ar'b RsFrtJIld ol Egvpt ' lllnt3tly

of^grlc.5r53_64.BaJua.M.r. 1es4. stuctttt lyithesls tn volcnntc ash

s"[. I protaUr" c'ut6 o! ztnc 6efic{€ncY 1n {'t la'd

Elce. co(tr@, solr scl' q!'nt ,\ral' 15 t l!5-l'o'

Bailry,o.D.At., 14'Y'S'E)'llEnan and a'A'sb'h!ta' l9a2'

'!he etf€ct ot fann y3td nanule ob orqantc dEtter

content and total avallBltl€ ztnc 10 n"tv leclai@d

3.

sotl,. rsvpt'J' soil 9ci' 22 t 257-26t'

5. Btnqhad,S.t' 116l' LeIa!ts b€t*e€n FhotPhorus snd

-- .a".t"t""tt' io plante' soll Sct' s6c' Am' P!od'

2? t 389_391'

6. Brom,l,.L., Quick'J' 'od J'L'EddtnsB' !9?1'

-'

^ -.*4"*."' anatvtlcEt @tho& f6r goll zlnc'

so1l sct' soc' am' P!oc' 35 : Io5-1o?'

'r. ".*,U."., F'Jr'vtets' c'l"c!a(lo!il' 195?' Plaot

uti!{z.tion of zn t!'F vrllos tvles ot ttoc

comp@ndE and lertLlize! Gtellats' s61I scr'

s3.1o?-2o!.

a. Bolrko,!.v. 6nrl A.A,Aglnyan' 1939. th€ 6ctlon of

tloce elarents w.ie! cditltld of hrqhCiianttv' '

Poctsdedontj€. 4 : 30-43. (In r{.YA.Sttkotnl}'

!904. Trac€ .t€ments tt plantg, El€'vl€!,

N€{ Yod(.

9. Bulleson, C.A., a.O.Doc.s .dd C.J'€e!atd' 1961'

tne .fiect o! Pbospholua lettirttltio on zn

nutrttlon of seve.a1 lllttateit c!o!s' 601! Scl'

Ad. P!oc.25 ! 365-369.

1o. C.stro,q,U. 19?7' ztnc Deitclencv tn Rtce'

!{ll Res. P6p, SBr. 9 .

11. Cate,R.BtJr, aDd L.A.NeIson' 1965' A laP1tt 6'thod

to! correlatton of 5ot1 t€st an6tvtk dtth pttnt

ro€pon€e datg. North c'lolina }\gllc' lxp' stD'

' btern. solt teslinq :'!les' lectt ' BurI' r'

12. chode,v.o., G.o.ot'tgb6ean ond N'E'Elt€' 19s5'

r4tctonutlt€nt slatus of 56lect6d cocao 9r"1nq

3o1tr in Soutlr llciteli Ntgetta' P!of11€ dlstrtt!-

ttd of totll 5nd avdttsble ztr' c6n' \'' sol1 5'1'

| 21,-24.

13. cox,r.R. and t.I'uear' 19??' Dt6qnoals ard co!!'c_

tton ot ztnc proble@ ln cortr tnd rt€ ptoductl@'

southem cooP. s€r' Buti' 222' cooP' Req' R's' PloJ '

S-Oo, Noltbt Calolina slate unt' Rlf iqh' Nolth

14. Edll,d,v.14., R-E-xr!a6.no3 srd E.fl.Hn1staad. t?03.

lvaluatlob of soll extlactants fo! detelminlng zn

and cu deticlenclo6 1 s6lk.tcb€uEn 30t14. plant

Anql. l4 | 116?-I r?9.

15. !!, sokkely,ll.A. , !1-att.!y and M.r:.A@!' l9al.

tltlEnce of hosptrolu 6.it zlnc feltirizelg on

the upt6ka of Fhosphofls and zlnc bv con p)'dts

g!o{n tn htshlv calcareous soits' PaaDt 'nd

sotl'

5, | 227-236.

15. Elnennah,M.E., M.n. 556osd and Jr'M'G5d AUah'

tqA2. lvaluatloo o! dltf€!€nt rethods fo! cattna-

ttog avai1.b1e ztoc lD 3olte of Eqvpt' Arab J'

Nucr. scl. a;d AoPl tc.

l?. ralah,|r,A., x.A,ilatata and tl'^'Bicra!' 194''

Eifect ot nttloqen zn and !e agpl lcatlon on corD

ln 6lluvlal sott Aglochemics' 23 t 48'95'

16. Folle!t,R-!t., and 1J'L't'lnds3y' 19to' ltotu€ distrl_

button of zn. Fe, tL! 6nd c! tn colo!6do 3otls' Tech'

Bu!I. 11O. colorado. 3t6t6 univ' !xpt' stn' lo't'

coi 1ln3, UIDA.

1t. lushr1!g,It.D., H'!'ML!!eh' N'Ahmad and

P,N'Soltao !ou!, 1969' crah yleld of matze (zea

mays L.) in lelation to ntllogen' phosphorusr sulphate

chlollde' zinc, t'o!on' m6nqaoese' and plaat popur6-

' tion. Soll Scl' Soc' Ah' Proc ' 3A ' 72r-724'

-91-

20. Grnes,D.L., L.c.EoaBan' cat15o. and !.c.vtets.Jr.

1961. zlnc deftctency ol com and potatoea as relat€d

to.oe soll and plant analysts. AEron' J' 53 ' 6e-?I'

21, Gop31 SinSb and P.N.latka!. 1941. Evsluatlo! of

6ffectent sotl test Ethods lo! Zn and thelr cllttcalvaf@e ln FlIt aftected solls for !106' colnn' soll

sct. Plant inal. 12 , 3S3_406.

22. Cuptalv.K, S-8.!4tttal. l9gl. tvaluattod of cheotcal

@thods lor estlnatlng ae6tlable zlbc add lesltns€

ol qle€n 9!.m (PhaEaols au!€u5 Rox B) to appl tod

ztnc !n nd_calcareos so!1s' Plant aDd soll" 63 t

23. cupta,G.p. .dd D.slnqh. 19?2' Ztnc atatus of sohe

sol1s oI hdla. J. lndian' soc' sol1 5c1' 20 ' 49-5I'

24. Gupta,v.K., Ral and K'slngh' 19Bo' Dtstributton anil

lelatlonshlp of nterdutrlents rtth sol1 ptoDeltl'g

of sboutn restes ltalyana' Barvana aqltc' udtv' J'

Res. 10 r 235-241'

25. Gupt6,u.c. r96s. R€lattonshtp ot totat aDd hot dater

soluble boron to plol4ltles of lodzol sods' sott

Scl. soc. Am. Proc' 32 : 45_44'

26, cuvordhan,s' nn'l ll'R'EaJ !ai' 1eg5' Reeponse ot

chtck Pea to ! and solt'! artllcatton of zn and

s2soa. hdtao. J. aallc' gci' 52 t a35_a37'

-92-

2?. Halvoison,;!,D. and tJ.L.!lndsay. 19??. rte c!ltlcalzi2 coceotratro to!.orn and the noo-absolptld

of chelated ztnc. J. Sotl tul. soc. AF. 41 |

531-534.

2a. llv1It,J.r,. 5nd P.N.Soltao pou. Itel_ Evaru't1d

o! the NH.tGo. trPA 5o!I test fo! tron sd 2tnc.

soil sct. soc. Am. J. 45 t to-?5.

29. HavlID,J.!. .nd P.N.soltan p@!. 1944. ch.nq.6 iD

B4rro3 mFA .xtractablc tlnc .nd tm as rff.cte'tby vcll4s soll p!op.!tt.s. sotl sct' t3? t 196-193'

30. Ihs3n,u. 1986. To study tt'e mtcEonutfle't etatu! ol

th€ soil of Mardan D&t!lct. l't. Sc.ll.n6. Th€51!

N.U.F.P. Agltc. Uni. P.eir.

31. rzha$1-Ig' 194s.'ro atudv tbe mrclonu€ll€nt

Btatus oi the soU selies of Kohat tehsl.!' M'sc'

Eoos. The3ts, N'r.F.P. Agrtc, Unt' Pesh'

32. J6ck5on,M.!. 195s. sotl chcmtcat 6n61v3ts'

!,r.nticc llrlt. hc. Enqla $ood Clll. N.J.

f3. tsck@n,t.L., J.Hay and D'p'u@!e' 196?' Th'

effect ot zn on vleld and cbemlc'I codFosltlon

of sH€et coln ln the lrr!11adate v6tlet' EEchotcar

paper No. 2240. o.ego. aglic' E Dt' sttr'

Corallts, oregon.

-93-

37.

Jor6s,u.s, 1992. !ertlIlze!5 and Sotl Fertlllty'

P!€nttco Hall Codp.ny, Vtrgh6, p' 342,

(alocat.r and M.T€celea. !996'aRN'71 ' 29-3n'

(aty.l,J.c. and N.s.R6nilh6{a. 1963' r'lcldutrleotc

Feltttt2e! 6nd Plalt Nullttld, AuIl,' ?' rAo'

t<atyll.J.c. 1O?2. nA 3tudv ol zlnc Equutt'lta 1n

rlood€d sous and A@tlo!6tton o! ztnc Daftclent

sotls of Aque.n det Nort!" ' reroln'I Report' IRRI

(t03 Ban6, lhtl1lPpir|€6).

3fj. K.u!aE.M.A., s.M.A!an, !1.s}tatlf and _t'P€ry€z'

19?9. !:icloautrt€ots st5tus of Plktstan solls'

Pa-:(. J. sc!. 1nc. Res' 22 : 156-161'

3r, (e.31€r,8. ald s.P'MoDeettse' 1959- studlee otr

rtbonucle.Ee, tlt'onuclelc actd 6ntt ploletn svnthedt'

ln he;lthv.Dd .tnc d6flclent cltrs le6v63'

PhYstol' P1ont, 12 | 1-?'

40. Kb6n,;!. and P.N.soltsn pou!' lota' Dfloct of

!€tttng ind dlytng oo r'!PA ettEactible ts! zn'

l.h snd cu ln 3otls' Cormn ' soit scl' 4snt rnar'

9 | t91-2O2.

41.'Aretawat,G':<' sit K's'vathlshta' I9??' DIBtrtbutldl

of ntcroout!1eDts 3Dd thelr lelattoitshig {lth so|ne

60ll ptolErtles in the vlnevalds of Ralhlstan' J'

t{|dtd. soc' sou 5c!' 25 : a1-03'

-94-

42. Klausklo{i.K.D. 19?2. {G€ochenlstly ol Mlcldut rl.D t5'r .

h li.ltv6dt,J.J., P.M.Gtordano, and ll.L.Ltndsay, €da.

!4lcronutlloDt tn ).srlculture. soll scl. soc. Ah.

43. L.od@,\t.R. i,944. B@k€! tloptcal ooll manual. B@k€!

AqllcuLtute rntedattdal Llmtt€d. L'ndon'

44. l,aue.,D,!. 1902. Fol lar appltcatlon ot drv be'os olth

trPl(s. Aqlon, J. ?4 I 339-344.

45. L€ Clorg,E,!., r;.H.Le@a!d anil A.G'Cle!k' 1962'

Fteld Plot lcchnlque, 2Dd Ed. Bu.gos€ rtbllshtng

company r{tdnesota.

46, Leqgett,C.t. and D.P.AlEyle. 1qA3' fhe vIP! ext!6c-

table l!on, mngane3e, coPper a'd zl'c frd n€utr'l

a.d calcnr€ous soils dlted sder dift€rest cdrdttlon'

soll scL. Soc. Am. J.4? ! 514-522'

4?. Llnrlsay.t{.1,. aod !.A.Nodell' 19tg' DeveloDcnt o!

a ''fPA

loll test lor ztnc' ltoo' manqanese aod

co!!e!. soll sct. sa' Aft' J' 42 ' 42r-424'

46. Lont'tn,C. 19S3. Evalu3tlng the nicronutrlent

fertllltv of Nlqeriai! serit altd eavana solls'

I- coPFer rnd ibnqanesg' sotl sct' 35 t 3?t_363'

49. r,lacj,a5,!,D. 19?3. coF?er ana ziic atttus tn

pastule solls o! salamsncar spain' soll scl'

15.276-243.

50. Hadztva,t.J.T. 19€1. t4tl'ods ol realu!1nq avallable

zinc !n zltnbabr€an Eoll ' zimbabre J' Agrtc' Re3'

19: a3-90.

-95-

51. M.h6oalra,s. 6nd s.P.slngh, 1941. atfect of nltlog€n

snd 2n d ltned aod unltcd sotls. q!.nt and !ot1.

62 r I65-192.

52. x!shady,I...S. !'r43. LEbtl. p@!s ol cot,p6! and zlnc

ln calc.lcous sotls 33 tuasuled by otPA and pl.nt

6rtr3ctton. co.mD. Sotl sclence. Plait anal.

14 t 693-904.

53. a.klna,M.S,, N,S.Randb.s.. 1ea!. a!!e.t of o!g.ntc

@nur€ and lev.te of tt€ avau.btlttv of zd. l'rUn and Cu to {€t ta.d rlc.. rndtn it. agrtc' Scl'

54. t€lt@,J.R.. b.o.srrru "na

E.c.Do1:.. 19?o. ArcBf&otu

and 1tre lnter'ct1os {'tn vt€rd and tlnc uFttke bv

Ph.seolus vulssrts. sotl Sct- soc' r|n. Proc' 34 t

55. l€Dn,K.s. 198,t-95. CooFlative retealch proErlnm

on mtclonutltent statun ot Paklstan Eolls. rst annu6l

It€rerl. sinrl Aqltc. !nl' raadolah.

56. l,tooalle,c.D., II.!s.smlth and R.a.l4aCr.e!v' !959'

Lsbolatoly nanual for 3otl fertl11ty' state college

llEshtnsto, l'|lreoglalh.

5?. uultaza. 1985. To studv the rlcronutlldt at'tu3

o! ttte EotI Beltes o! tta26ra- M.Sc.lons' Th'ai! 'N.ir.F.l,. ag!tc. un t, P.3h.

-96-

5a. NaIi.!l-s. ad R.D.asena. 1961. lff€ct of zn

dslLcloncy oD th. s}1|tb€616 of plot€lD, 6ln€re1

upt.ke and rlboudlease .ctlvlty lD otton plaat'

Indlan J. qta.t Physlol. a ! 1o3-lr.

59. Nri!,K.P.Ir. and A.cott€nle. l9?1. A 3t't15tlc6L

evaluatton o! the tnterFl6ttonshlp! bet{6eo

parttcle stz€ fractids, tree !rcn 6xiae anil

tr6ce elemnte' J. 5ol1 Sqt. 22 | 2O3'2O9'

60. Natrbl.!,(.K. $d D.P. otllaoani' !9e1' Tleiue

s.fz^ tatro ae . diagbo6tlc t@l for pledlctlon

o! Zn dellctency tn clop plants, Plant soil'

60 . 351 .

61. Nas@,A- a.d ,l.D-McEltoy, r9€3. adas of 6cti6

o! the essenttal ntnelal elements' & f'C'ste{atd

(ed.) Pldt Phvstologv. .q.ad' Pr€ss' Ne' Yo!t< '62. rlavrot,J- aod s.Rdtkdltch. 1969. Zlnc

'v'tlabtlitytn calcareous sot15. 5o!! Sct' lOB t !31-I39'

63. Nsvlot,J. and [t.Gal. 19?1. Effect of cray type d

th€ 6tatlabilttv ot ?n tn sore r'edttertan6atr rendzln!

sotls. J.5oll sct' 22 t 1_4.

6,1. Nt3a!,t|. 19g5. To 3t!dv tt€ dlcrduttlent statE ol

th. sotl s€tt€e of D.I'rh&- 'sc' Hons ' Thesls'

N.]J.P,P. ag!tc. Un 1. eo3h.

65. N@!-Reh{an. 1945. !o study the mtc!6utt&n!

.tatu. o! th€.30!1 sertes of, B6mu I€hall. U.Sc.

H6s, rhe3j.s. N.iJ,r.P. Agttc. uot. P.6b'

66. slngh,S.P., l<.S.stnha and N.s.Randhasa. 199o.

Poullry m.oue snit 2n s\Ufnate d the Grosth

lnd uPtako of zn bv com. Plant 6nd sol'I 52 :

50r-502.

5?. O!abl,r.A.r a.AbdultBh, H.Masbsd! 'n'l A'H'Barakat'

1c€1. zlnc Phosphoos relattdehtp tD tbe nutsltld

of cod pl.rts Srown oa so@ calcare@s sot13' Plant

€nd solI. 5c ! 51_59.

6a. Pendlas,A.K., t.PeDdl65, 1945. fr'c6 aferente t

lolts ond plnnts. cRc Pros6' rnc Boda P6ton' tlorl6a'

p.6? and 106-107.

69. Panatlsd,A.K. 19S6. Mlcro.tut!1sntt !'tectad toptc"

Pres€nted at S€mina! on |1lclonutrleut 5nd Uacrou-

trients tn lotls anit Agll@Itur€' Joklonilen'

!h1.nd. 2-14. !tun!, l9a5 '?o. Flank.o.c. l9so. ql3nt analtsk Hand book fo!

G€orqt5, colteq€ of Agllcultule? Athens '?1. Ral, .M., D.B.shitol€v and A'R'pal' 19?o'

Avatl€ble mtclonutrlents statE of deop black

Eolls ol ladhta pra'L5h J' hdtan' Soc' sotl

5c1. rA I 3€3-399.

?2. Randha{6,N.s. 6Dd !.s.!roadbent. 1965' stabtllty

coostaots of ztnc hMic acld eonplept at illfferent

CI volues. sotl sct. 9t | 362-366.

?3. Rattan,R.K., .nd D.L.Deb. 1941. 5e1f dll!3ton ol

ztnc ond lron ln sotls n5 aff€ct'd by pH' carctun

calbdote, 6!stu!e and Fbospholus 1de13' Plant

aod soll. 6! t 377-393.

?4. Rehfr,o.N., R.A'slese atrd G."t'Helgert' r9ao'

Respd.e of corn to 2n 6ource and tole of zlnc

t'a.d .pptled stth e!ttr6! ortho dro6ptlat€ o! rbty

phoaphate. sol! sct. 129 ; 36_421.

?5. R1ordon.J.E.-19?6. Btoch€hlstty ot z'' !'€dlcal

Ci!c. North i\n. 60 : 661-67'1.

?6. Sabi! cuI. 1986' !o .tudy ttt€ olcfonutll'dt3 of

tr'e soll 3€.1es o! tr.kkl feh611' ti'sc' rlo63' $6ttr'

}].il.P.P. aqltc. unt' Pesh.

?t. sald.rrA. 1eg6. Mtclonutltent Etstus of D1! soil''

l1.sc. H@5. The6ts' N.,1.!'!' Agrlc' Unt' Pesh'

ta. sak61,&., A.P.s{ngh. il,stnha and ('N'Thapur' 198!'

Evnluatlon of cllttcal cencettlBtton of ztnc tn

rice ald khest gro@ ttr Talat solls' J' tn'lts

soil scl. soc' 29 : 1o?_1o9.

-99-

t9. gchnapPtnq€r,M.G., D'c.Malte!5' and 6'o'H6{klnca'

1969. lGspds. of coo to zn, EfA and z'so4 ln

ttold tnvesttqstton' Agr@' \t' 6t t 445_4't?'

ao. scott,D. and H.Ij.tho6a' 19??' co$patattve

€lttclenci€5 of vditdt 'rcthode lo! 'xttactlnq

tlee lE4t ctiils flon totts' sou' sc1'

\24 t 329-332,

41. sedberlv,J.E.Jr., F.J'Pe!elson' !'!'vrllEon'

D.B.ManqeL P.E. gchllllnE 6nd R'fl 'a!u!b'ch'!'l9go. blluenc€ o! sotl !"ct16 Bnil apDltc'tlon

of zlnc on v{elil and zn contebt ot rtde plant!'

eolll'lM. sot! sc1. r'}rant AnaI ' \7 | 24t-295'

s2. sul snpp'::.x. 1e62' rr'ce elsents in !1n1sr|

5o11s as releted to 3ott textulo and olgantc

matter conte.t. J. scl. Ag!!c' soc' llntand'

5lfrs,J,L. and fl.!l'.Patrlck' 19?6' The dtstrlts_

tlon of varvinq R;dox lotentt3! and dt' s6tl

soc. .\{. it. 42 t 25A'262.

64. SlDgh,c.P.r R.N.i!'sad' a'shha and 3'KankE'

19??. Dv6lu€t1on of dlft'r€ot €xt!6ctan€ fo!

th€ detemlnatt@ o! 6vltlable copF !' Gnq!o'8'

.nil llon in calcaeo!' 'o113' B€ltt69e TFp

tr6nd vlltsdh vetert'atcd' 13 t 69-12'

43.

65. stnEh.H.C, &d P.N.t6kl.r. 1941. Ev.luatloD of

efttctent sotl t6€r Dthods tor Zn .nd th€lrclttical v51ue. in sllt aff,€ct€d aotts lorric€. cdmuD. sotl sct. Plaot !DaI. 12 : 363-4'05.

s6. sl,nqh,K. 1964. D€teEnlne(l@ of clLttcal l€v€l

in ltce aoll tn lodi. for pledtctlnq of rtce to

zlnc sppltcitjon. Fl6Id ctoP. IGa' 9 : 143_149.

6?, stngh,r'{.V.. R.ch6b!t and I.P.tb.ol. 1943.

lactos 6llecttng ltrPr ettractalrle 2inc tn 3od1c

soil. sol1 scl. 136 r 459-366.

68, so11man,14.F,N.i,, sollfran,M.A'larah 5nd I.M.Anta!,

1961. Re6pons€ of baltey plaqts to nttrcge. and

zn letttllzattd tn crlc.rcou! sotle. ^'lrlc- R6o.

Rdter (sol1 dd ust.!) alab RePirbltc o! EsYpt.

Mlntotry oI aslic. 5, I lo7_112.

69. sofe.sen,n.c., D.D.oc1;1tqle ot\r D.-<nud6od. 19t1.

Ext.acttoo of zhc, lro! 4rd @ng5na6e tlom soug

{t!h o.1N hydrochloric .cid a3 affected by sorle

proDeitles, 5olutlo., soll r.tto aod lgnEth

e,:!racttd pe!t.d. soll sc1' r1 . 352-355.

90. solts pour,P.N. and gorkhan. 19?9. l'{odiftcatton

o! !h€ Nll4H;o3-DIPA soLL teet to ortt catbon black'

ColNo- Sotl 5c1' Plont Anal' 10 | t4t1_I42O'

91, solt5n !@r,P.N., A.9.schxab. 19??. A nlu so11

tegt fo. simdtaneo8 ert.actto of m6clo aod

htcr@utrients tn.Ik6llne soi15. comn. sol1

Scl. P!.nt An.l. B t Laa-2O?.

92. solton pour,p,N. !985. Use ol NA4HCOS mPA so|l

tedt to 4a1u5te eleEatal daf.bttltv .dd

toxlctty. c@n. Solt sct. Pl5nt AntI. 16 :

93. ShkI6ttrM.YA. 1944' Trac€ eIr.@ntt tn Plalts

El6cvl€r. Amsto.dam-oxtald, Neu vork, Tokyo

pp. 1?!.

94. sho!rks,v.{, 1994. tttcronutltent deftcleucv

anil thetr cofrecttoo. sPan I 2?. 119_121.

95. slrsukot,r. 1996. To study the tlfPA "tlrctablenlcronut.lent ltatlrs of the solls of Ml rplrt

iltstllct of Azait Jrlm .nd Kaehmlr' M'sc' Hons 'Thes$. rlj.l-F.P. Alrtc. Un1. P$h.

95. shun6n,L.}l. 19?9' ztnc, dEnq'neso atrd copP€!

tn sotl llactron. sotl sct' 12? : ro-l?'

9?. rsql-zsda,A.Kh. 195?. Tlb FIe ol trs'e ef,erentB

td coELo nutll,tton. author'3 absttact ot Disse!_

tot14. Botanical trsttlut€' Lenlnglad'

90. Tahtr,n. 19?6. Mtcldrut!1ente tor c!o!E' R41e*

paFe! 6 potaeh, hlcEdutf,ients anit ltrlzobtum'

Tech. Dull. Pjtrc. IsIrru5ld' 5A_?5'

-l02-

r!htr,M. 1e?5. AvatLdbtltty status of mlcldutrlent5

ln the rotls of llest Pokletan and the 'ol€ and b€h6v-

tou! oI solecled (Ictoaltllents tn tlE nutlttlot ot

cr,,p€. Fl-!tao. &ol€ct !K_Ais-3 G9-pa-221) 'AiNlt nepolt. 19?4-?5.

Tandd.H.s.S, 1980. Soll folttlttg

U3e n€sca.ch 6lrlFnt tn Indt.' a

N.os 25 (co) PP.45-?4.

tl€v1€we F€!tl1l.er

thorne,D.It., r.B. 6nd t.Rot'lbson' 1951' sylotheses

conconllg ltne hdEsil chlotosi6' 6otl s't' soc'

^o. Proc. 15 ! 25'.1-254.

ttlter,x.G.' alsudddu i. an't R'S'B'cx'trq' l9?9'

an 3pploach to soil teltlng slth speclal t€fer€nc'

!o the ztnc requllenent of rtco paditv sotls' codrnutr'

Solt Scl. Plent A!6I . tO t ?03-?15'

Trterretler,J.!., and !r.t'.L tndsav ' 1969' Soll 5cl'

An. Proc. 33 : 49_54.

udort.No.J. lnd nyodeb' L'saqban' 19?9' trre

rirottle .rtrtributioo o! to!61 and e*ttact'bte

zn tn sel€cted Ntge!'6 sotlE' coru' sotl $1'

Ptant Anal. 1o t 114-1161'

u,ll.sallntiv !5b. EtE!!' 1954' Dtaqnosls dnd

trplovenrot ol 361ln€ and stl<all sotls' U'S'D'A'

Haoil Bdk No. 60 $ath{ngton'D'c'

10!.

102.

ro3.

App6ndlr-r. gln.ril Di3crit'ttoi 6f th. sotls

l'ocnlJoD

The tH€nty flv€ loll .€!1e. sr. !€t€ct.d lron

the alea *hlch 15 !'tud€d by srat rattge 1a the north, by

th€ Kh!b€. tang€ ln the {est aDd by th€ x6hat !ang. ir

th€ Bouth. The easten boed.ry at the .!6a i3 lormil by

the Ind$ ttv€! 6dlointnq th6 Attock &d Haza.a dbtrtct.

rtle vate cders 6bout 3,440 squale mlles B!ea, apPloalma-

tely ?o ntles flom east to {€6t and 50 mlleE flom nolth

g!.!r!ca

fhe cllmate of the ar€a varles Itofr sentart't to

subhumld, contlnental, 6ribtloptcal. Tho laln occu!6 de

to lds@ns as {e1I as r€staF cvcldo6' tb€ aver69t laln

tau valles from ab@t 3oo m ln th€ Eouth *€3t and to

abdt 525 m tn the nolth €lst \tune 'nd Julv ale th€

hot€6t @nths rlth a @6n fr.xl@n tgtpelatlF ldqlng

Exlom of 1225b€r*e€n 1oo"!.nd loB'r.nd the extr6E

at Pesha{ar and llao! at Rl6.Ipu!. Ded€diJ€! and J6'uarv

are th€ coldest nonths xlth a @an nlnlrud temp€!6tures

o! about 36of-4loF. Th€ 1o@3t mtnlNo lecolded tedpela_

tu!€ of the 6!ea understudy ts 25o!'

-104-

9E fec.r-!!.ii-b.or1-loea

th€ Poihatar va1€ constltutes the .xtr6E north

xe6t€n ttp .l tha tDdo-O.nErtlc 6y!cl liolls a d€prss61d

ltlled Nttt' slluvt6r dat€rlll. En$tng tb dtddlo 6nd th€

Late Pl€l6tocene Fltod, !1v.! alluvtuh, PlsdnFnt attuv'un,

Iake allwtum .nd te.g {6!. d€p€1t€it ,n th' d6pressloo'

Psts oJ th€ valt@s d€t.rt.ts h.ve bed !t|w6il bt e!€td'

Durhg tho .ub!€c6Dt Fllod the !fier and th' Pled@t

atlwir ar€ itepostted thtL€ the 6roston of tb€ otdet

m!te.j.d contloued. a€. r..!lt of dePoattloD lnd €tosloi

processe3 tlte follodtnq tmpoltgnt Ldd 16ru hrvc b€cn

recoEnled. lhev 6!e a3 fouo$t

a. $rlr!.c.nt tDal@ rtv.! D1.tn3

b. Old tnllua llver t.!r!c.c. R€c.D! K.but rtv6! ptltE'

d. $rb lec.nt x€Dur t1v6! PtstDs

e. sublec€nt Seat !lvc! P1.tn!

t. old Fl€dMt p1at4.

q. sub!6c€tt pted@nt pLaln'

h. r,o6d6 PI6ln3

!lid&&oY

th€ dr6lnaqe ol the ttudv aBa t5 dlbly

etf€ct€d bv K.bul a6d s,at r1v6r3 '

-lo5-

tn. Etn sott ld.ntiftc.tld untt u!'d b thts

studv l! th€ .ott s€r!€€, .otl! d6rlva'l !!d ttF sa@

palent @teltal ud€! !imlt!! dondltld8 o! d€v€Iopcnt

sod cL@.ly !.s.mplhq..ch ottFt 1n th6i! FhFtcat 6ndl

ch€61c.1 proportl€r, tt.c!u!. of sanlr tc'r' ol Eg?ttg

soll .6.oci.ttd have st5o b6'n 'lellnoat€il'

g'oEraphic'llv

!€1at6d 9rop5 of, tdo o! mr€ soll 3€rts3 occlll1nq ln

r€p.tltlve patem tn r€cognlt'd topoElaphtcll pdttloDg

wtth j,n th. I6nd 3c.rF. lio!'over' solt compl'x k 6noth6r

sapPtnq unlt usetl tn {htch ! nunber of 3otl oc4r tn su'h

btrlcat. patte!! that th6 lntllvldual sol1s can 'ot b€

etFwD sPe!6t€1v *en on d€trll so!! c!€ '

Tt.Dtt tfie 6ot1 6€! letllssoc lat ton'lcoiQl e*

stuali,od {€!. Ta!u, P68hs{s!' |Iamab' RtJ'!' rilsebaq'

DoGL Hsos@ka, r{Gs6' D'rg!t' tnrnda' suLtan slr'

Burh.n, chals.dda, xhattl lQt€t' xhazana' Sakh'tot'

Ma.dant Kuirl, GulLla6. t{1lda!il' &cha!l' Mtlrt'

sltabq.dat, shal'bazEalhl snd lr!!s6x aB happ€d by

go surv€Y 6taff (Adj'd 19?9) '

&.Er-gell.is

fh. Tss .€ti.€5 con6lsts of d€€p and v3!Y 'teep,

modeEat€Iy {ell dlstnod, c.lcateous, ftne t€atu!.il so '

d€veloped ln mlxeil catcaleons clavev @ttash€3 f!o( the

lle{€toc6ne pt€drd! slluvlum d€!iv€d fro; tha 6@th_

{estem.anges and ilep6lt6d plobablv du!1n9 tha surtr€-

c6nt !e!tod. It hs a sttuctural (canbtc) B hdtz@'

the seli€E occuls tn a senl-allil subtloplcal conttDetts!

cllmte and occuples Ievel rEslttons tn tb€ sub!€ceDt

ptedrcnt baslos and chEnnel lntuls'

It has a !6ddtsh b!ou!, 51Ltv cl6v' hasslver

ooaelat€Iy .alcale@s ap hollzon, uiterlatn bv a dalk

!€ddi.sh biown and !€atdtsh blodn, silty ctay' calca!€d6

E hortr@ clth leak to dbderate, coarse to redlud sub_

angular b).6cky sttucture, undedaln by !'ditkh t1!o@

sllt loam oFptonchlng sllty clay loam' masstvar rcde!6_

t€Iy catcareds C boltzon. A bullled 3011 l3 'ncoun_

teled betoN 90 cfi. $re hottzon t'oundalles !!€ clear

o! gradual and smooth.

ftuIt olchards Blth

a!€ p€aches, peale,

suga!-cane! dnear,

used lor qenelal cropptng lncludtnE

c6nal i!!t96t1on. Ihe mah f41ts

aprlcot3, ctt4s &'t quav6 {htl€

naiz€ 6nd todd6! .rc tbt nrtn ctopt'

4!.srci..lr4-€d&

It 1. 6s6octared rtth r6n6b. Kschori .nd

gDrbr-sell!

latu t! sihu.. to trm6b se!1.4. llmab tB

siLtt ct.y lo6m tn te|rture.

&rb-as$-$raa!

{te P$hae.r 3o!t€s codsi.ts of vlry d6.P,

u.11 d!.tn€d. calc6!6ou., ltle tettu!.d eott6 d.vel-

op.d 1n piedm@t h6t€r1€I .nd d.Po6tt€d plobabtv

durlng the tddl€ PI€1!t@6.e p€rlod. It h!3 .t.xtu!!l (carbtc) B ttolizd. th. 6ert.3 ocorB tn

a !ent-.!1d subtloptq.1 c@tlr.nta! ctlmat. sit

ocflpio3 tuarly l€vet to gontly aloptnq po8ttton.

lD thg nearly I€rI Pldrcdt p1.i,o3.

Ir h6a a b!o{r/da!k bron. stlty ch! }o$.

n..stv. b!6aklng .tnto {.al< Gallum anil !t . 9!6Nla!..t&nsly calcare43 toP€otl. undeltsln bv ! bro!.n/

dalk b!or!, ltlty c1ay, {€ak comPoud segrientoil

plGtr€tlc .trutur€ b!€al<ttg lrto dbdetat. co6r.e

subatrqulat blocl<y, strcogty calc.Eo$ B h6rtzd

to rc.e thsn 15o co. rh6 hotlzon b@adatl€s a!.

cl.ar d gradual or dtffu6€d ad srcoth'

-lo&

lhl3 aotl ts u..d !o! g6Dersl cropping *1thcanrl tlligatld, the cep. qlom tnctuit. 6uqar-canE,

trheat. matze, todd€r, v€q€tabl6. and f,tuits.

Pr.q.nt l-nd Uae

Assoelald-&lbIt te .s3oclat6d ,tth Tahatr, laN 6Dd fl13a.

Sr.o.lLlre-loLf!

P6dhau.r 1E 5th11a! to culti.na s€r1e5. Par€nt

matertsl of GuU,i,.na le 10.36.

&ra!ts1419!

t!. Talnab r€r1€s ccn6t6ta of de€p .Dd t€lyiieep, rbat€rately $tl it.atned. catc.!€48, tual€ratelt

!t.. textureal rollr atevelopod tn mtr.d cdcalgor8 fln..llty outHash.s flom th€ Pl.Istocen€ pt.drDtt allwilmitertved from the 6dth-relt.ln r!nE€. and atap@1taal

p!6b!bly dultnq th. subr€cant p€riod. It has a atructulaL(canb1,c) B hottzon. Th. sorles occur! tn . s€frt6rtd

eubtloplcal contlrent.I qlldate and oc4pies ndallI

t€v€l parts Ln th€ sublecent ploihront battns and

It haE 6 rrlo6lilBtk b!o{n, 6l1t loan .pp!4chtng

sltty clay todn, G63!v€, 5tlonglvlcalcar6oss AD horlzon,

undort.tn t'y a !6ddt.h brdn, .Utv clay lo.n, e.1'.r'4t

B ho! j,zd {tth r€.k .@s6. .ub.nqDla! b1@xy 'trutu!€'th. slbst.atM ts 6t!.tl!1.d. &!6 holtzon !'ou!d.r!.' !!'

cl€ar o! graduar aDil arcoth.

-lo9-

Tt€ .oli lE uE.d ao! g.n6!at cloDpiDg lncludtng

lrult olchalits tltb c.nEL l!!tE'tlon' the fraln lErrll!

!r€ p€ache5, pea!6, lDrlcots, citls snd suav' nhil'

ruE.!-cane, uheat, it Lz€ 'nd lodder ate tb6 Dtt cloF

I,ulr6rd 6nd (!cho!1Ir k assoclated dlth f.n'

91d]!!--go!tTadab ts slnllar to Taru s€lles. taru t! tltty

8al3r-gcder

th6 R.l.! !€!t€. con.l3t.s ol v.!v de€p, o61!

d!!tn€d, m€d1ur t.xtur€d, c!Ic!!ed! .o11. ,ttb . sub-

!€c6!t e!61ona1 !u!!ac.. rt t! d€v.IoP€d tn I@56

d€p@lteit dutiag th. L!t. Pl.ltoc.t€ Fllod and h63

no E holi,zon. tn. s€!1.. oco!! t! a .ubhunid €nd

sdl-arid 3ub-tloPlcal conttn.ntll c1!n3t6 adt ocopl6s

sentlt sloping and sloptng 9art3 of th€ D1€6ected lo's5

-E!err!!-bD4-C$

so@ 3oi1 l3 r'3lDlv us€d !o! gta2tng' ln sor

hlv€ bo€n hail. lor tErlgtt'it !6fllns'

M.rtn clope glod !ft eugs!-can' 6D'l rh€at'

rt t. ssocl.t.it,tth niast. Qutb'l 6rdl Bahtar

-tlo-

stnlla! to Qutbaf 3.!t.6, qutb.l 1s

gdrlEsd].e

.-tlr-

efEab4-Seg,9.e

lh€ Ptlsabak sclt6s cd.t5tt of deep, FIIdlalned, tudtuo tetturd cslc.!€ous sotrs devoloped

b the l@ss !ed6po61t€d ilurlng srlr!€cdt perlod.

It haE a .tluctursl (cdbtc) 6 hollzon. rhe 36!1o6

occurs 10 a eeFl-altd subtroplcal @Dtlneotal clim.t'

.od occupt€ l€v€f to n€ally level parts in th'R6d.!osi.t€d tdel ro..! dlrnt.

It haa s d.!k qr€vtah b!o*t, loam, ira36iv6,

6d6rat€Iy calca!.ou top.o!I, stlellaln bt broen/

darL bloo and dark v.ltdl.h b!om, loah applo'chtnt

stlt 1od, xe.k sss€ !!b.Dgul.t blocxt, no'ta't'lv

calc6reou. B horizon. th. subetlatum ls 611v4 bbm

Gs€!v6 6nat tFde!.t.Iv ..Ic.r.@t. Th€ ho'i'on bdn-

darte. ar€ cle6! o! g!.du.I sd tt@th'

!rerc4!-!-ao4-!99

the sotl b b.hE us€d fot qeneral c!o!'pt!g

rltb qanal and {€tt! 1!!1q6t1on' The naln clops qEom

are {heat, sr€a!-catr€, n|altt snd lodit6!'

-l\2-

A!.!e!l!t!dilalllts a55oc1.t€d dlth BulhaD, kuflt, xhattt-

$dtar-gollePltsabal< i3 5inlLlr to Burhao 3er1€3. Bulb.tr

t. nEd€lat6ly tl!€ !. t.atur..

!o!rl-$d!s|r}|. DoFI .€r!.s conBttts o! vslt al..D, {€lI

d!.1n.a1, t1n6 t6xtu!.d, cdc.!.ous 3ot13 ild.loFittn l€.6 d€p*ited

'tslng tlF Late Pre15t4'n'

p€llod. It h.3 a stnctslll Gad6tc) B hort2on' rh'

..ri.! occll$ tn a.ublNmttl sribtlopical cdtln'nt'lcllGt€ .nil @cupld l.ve1 to d.altv 16v€1 Palt8 of

th€ !os53 PIa1D3.

It ha5 a teudrah b!o$, stltt clav 1o6n'

@331ve, 6t!6s1t c61..!€ou! Ap hotlz<6' und€d61n

by 6 brc*',/dart br4'n, to dslt t€Itottsh br{n'

stlty cl3y, @ak to nod€!!t6r rtliun 'nd

co!r'! 'subaogulB! bl@ky, Btlonqty calcateds B hortzon'

|r1r€ zone of ltre ac@Nlatld ocots b€t& 135 cm'

lbe holtzon bandall;. !!e cte'r o! q!!du61 tnil

-113-

Th€ rotl ls betDg !s.il for getre!.I cFpplog

rtth c.n6t l!!l,gatl@. Xaltr cloF glom ar. !ug.!-c.!€,fodd€t! {heat, m.tte! aug!!-b€€t and tobac.o,

&.eoiL$!n-.941Le

It 1! .6sei,at.d *1th clulrlara, 8...1, E.ht.r

aDd MIB!. .erle6.

sloll3r-ScJlt

DoriFI j.s stmtla! to cuutaDa Bnd B!!!l 6e!i*.cur1la.a t. oon-c6lc.leds lhd Bas.l h.s klnh.r zd.

!@!oAn--s!!leg

th. M6nsocka s6!1.! conslsts of rEdaE.tely L*'

Z*

d€6p to de.p, re1] drah.d, calca!€d., mdtum t€xtuled

3olt3 dcnelolEd tD bdit!,sh bro{n pl6ihont .uuvtun

alertved fron the northem lnd north-xest66 r$g€. and

depostt€d plob6blt dultnq the slbrec€nt 6Poch. It haE

a structullt (carblc) B boltzon. Th€ aelt€r d@!. tn

a sstarld to sulrbumtd llbtloptcal cdtln€Dtal cl tnat€

and d4D1.€ neallv 1461 to 94t1t sloPtlq Po6ithn

lo th€ D!s.ct€?l pt d'st plah.

MaDsodka ts slmtl.rts strongly develop€d anit

-rt4-

to xtL{atd 66!t.s. lltltald

!.dib! tn col@r.

It ha. a r€itdtah b!od. lo.h, Es.Iv. blearbgto ftn Cr.nqlar, rEit rat.tt c.Ic6Eo5, ap hottzon,

lnd€rl.ln by . dalk !€ilall.h blonnr 1€m, {.dk co.r..subargul!! blocky, nod.r6t.Iy cdd.ieo8 B horlzon to

ab@t 35 ch, underiatn by !€ddtsh brodr lodn, d!83ive,

rbdglat.ly c.tc.leds c bollso ,htch 16 undL.rl.in bt

a !^tslod ploftle. cotrtls to 6!Dt lock tragnst! 06@r

t! the ploftl€. rh€ horlzot b@nil.ri€s 6!€ cl6rr sntl

&esr!!&!f-CsrDly !a!m1D3 of ,h.at ts the P!6ddh.nt lantl

c6 of tha area uoate! thts .olt. Localtt {b€tt and

susarcan€ 6r. gros {tth ..h.1 Ifflgattd. I<ib.'co

Is also 9!0{n tn som at€...

isaecj!!lll-.99,ll.r

It i! B53o.lated oltlt M{.sa 6nd Rarar terl's

and x.n.ooka sandt loan ..tt cl6v loan v!!lanl"

slollrr-srllE

-lr5-

Ilrsr-!€dcsln€ Mtssa seltes conBl.lts of veiy de.p, ,etl

dlarn€d, citlun toxtured, c.Ico!e@ aotl. it v€lopeil

tn Les3 depo6lted alutlng th. late ql€ktocene p€ftoat.

It has a structur.l {c6niblc) B bortron. dlth a sdbrecent

orosld.l surfice. The seltos occuts und€r lubtrumid and

s.d1-arld .rjbtroplcal contlnentat cltnate and oc@pi€5

n.sr1y 1eve1 to g6ntlt 3loprng parts of th€ Dlsaoct.al

ttle 6o11 has a bto{n/d.lk btom stlt lod,@sslv€, st!691y, ca!ca!€@s AP hor1"d, und.daln by

. d.d( ysl!@l.h bto6 ellt to.m. F5k coals subaqula!

btocky, 3tldaty ..Ica!co!. B ho!126 to .b4t ?5 cn'

d.rlytng 6 yelro"tsh t,!o{n Gsslee, atlt loam, stfonsfv

c.Icareous c holtzd. a rd. o! ttG accuNlsti@ contatn-

lng many coar.€ l<anke! 4cu!s t'€Io{ '16 h' th€ hotlzd

bdadart6s atu o! dtftus€it ct€a! and sieth'

.9!re9e!-!E!d-!b!

Tha .o!s used for 9e.6!.1 c!o!p!nE *tth iPretn!61

camt !.riEatloo. rh€ .tatn cloPs qtodn alt tugar-cans'

tobacco, (h..t .nd foddet3.

-rt6-

!6rasl!!eC-!cA€

It 1s asset.ted xith Bahta!, Outalt, b*at,Dod€], OuUlana and RaJa! r6!t68.

gEtbr,eo.lll

M1s.a la 6tmtla! to Sahtat series' Blht6r

rs nbderat6ly ftre 10 textuft.

Palqal-*rf9athe D6lqat sertes c65i3ts of d€.p' rnod€lBt€ly

{€1I dr.ln€d, calcaleou., tln6 tertur€d, .altr€-6!kali. u* z

rbroue soLls ddelopod to leatposlt6d lo€'s Probablv

arullnq the lubrece.t p.!ioal. rt has structurar (ca'iblc)

B hofizo, the selle. occu!! in 6 s€n1-arld lubttoPlctl

conttn€nt.I cltmate 6nd occupi.s nearlv lev'l lo3ltlon!

on the lltog.s ol the b6.tns ot sttqtrttv t'!'d partE

!n tha led.Poltt€d lo.ss pl.!m.

It h.s blomld.rk btocD' ealln'-slkali' alttv

clay, @3stve, md€rlt€lv cdcarc@s Ap horlt@'

undert atn bv . d6!k b!om. 'stlne-alkall' clsY'

'eakto rctl.lete, cdlud and coallo subangrlltr btoclv'

nbdsrat€ty to strdqly calcate@s B ho!t'6 to abot

1lo .n rhlch t3 underlatn bv a burlett 5o1!' tb' horl2on

bdndarl.E ats clear and sl@th'

!r9!s.ql-!a!C--U!.'

The sotl 1. t'eLnq $€d fo! !6! 9r.z1n9.

A!!o!tu!ed.-golLi

It 13 a3loclated slth D.lgat rcttl€d va!l.nt,abote, I$6ftr xh.1t1, xufrt, rl€ldan .Dd spenLar.

qe$3r-So!.r

Dalsai t6 sintt6r to DarEal Ettl.d varla.t'Ehot. and Khlttt. Lh€Il 6!ti.s. DalEal rcttl€d v!!i.nt

'ie iltsttnctly mttl€d o! b.e E!6t colou!, Bhota t!

60ty cl6y loa'n eh€rea! tq.ttt Khcll ts sut lo'n It

.K!oda--ge4es'ahe rtuDd6 .€!tes coffitsts o! €'.c€slvelv

ilFtded. coatso tea{uled, noncalc6!'out 'o113 tomdl

ln the m!x6d cllcareous tndus sandy ltl[vtum dellv€'l

f!6 tltmalav.. lrd itepo.tt.d dultnE th' Pl€lsto'€Dc

p.!!d. rt hai do E hollrdr. The tell€s @'up!€3

n6.rtt 1ev61 outanEh aplon. ln th6 old ilve! t'lrlo€

urde! a srlbhumtd .!:rrtsptcsl contlngnt.t cltmat"

-ll8-

It ha8 a dalk q!6yi!t! brom, lo.ny B6nd, €hgl€

sratn, ncncalc:t€ds sullaco 5ot1, uttd.ll.tn by a 5ub.-

3o!l cdstltlDE of dalt Er.ylah btud Io.nt sandr. .tnEt.qrsln, not..1c6!6ds 1.y.t.. lh6 boualar!.! b€tt€en th€

layers !r€ cle.r 6Dd 3oooth.

&9rs!!--!!!c-!s€Itr€ .o1I b tdally lrsed fo! dlttv.tld rlth

canal lrrlgatton. ?he haln cropB glorn ar. {h€at, tob.cco

aDd qloundnqt. at plac.6 dlyfamlng of rhsat t. also ln

p!6ctlc.,

AsEesl,rleC.&u!

It t. assocl,.t€d *tth razttiibait 6nd J.od s€r14.

€Jql!-a!-Sol;ls

tQDd. 15 stnll,.r to Jand 3e!1o8. J.nd sell€s 1.

€sur!-.erE-SfllcE

th6 gultan lrr !€!1.. con3llts o! il.€p, {elldrained, cai,caleous, n6dLum to,tuled 5oil3 d€v€toped 1'

naa€it altuvluo aieElvlal !t<n tb€ Hlnslav!! lnd tlepodltod

alurttrg ttE sub!€c€lt P.tlod. It bae . ltnctural (c'iibt"

B hollzon. tho !e!16s occus tn a s!bhu(!d 'ubtloplcalconttn€nt61 clt(ate and o.cuptes ne.rlv t€v61 posttton'

1n th€ Subt.cent I6v€1 rive! Plaln'.

It ha. . blddldark b!o6, stlt lo!o, maaalv.,

mderately clrc.re{s toFotl, underlain by 6 bF{Vdlrk b!o{n, 811t loavvely fln€ sandy I.om. {eak co.!8€

anil Gdtun sub6nsu!.r b!,ocky. stronEly c.Ic5!.orrs B

bortzon to .bout l2o cm. d€llytng a brc6,/darr< b!om.

v€ly fho ;6ndy lo.n, ma5!Iv., strongly cslcaledsc hortzon. l}F holtzon bdnda.tee 6ra ctoa! or qladu.l

lr9geg!-!3qc-vrs

TtE Botl lE malDly u.€d for th6 culttvatlon o!

hlEh valu€ croPs espect.tty tob6cco 6Dd augar-can' *tth

canal llri,satton suppl.cn!€d bv cus.

Arra!$l!4llcll!It ls aosoct3t6d dtth tant. M.tlt and Pacc!

sulta! Frt t6 slmu,tt to !{tanl !€!l'65' l{lanl

!! stlty ciay loam 1n t.xtur..

grrfaa-grIj4

th. Burhan sell6s coneists of v'!y deePi

moder6t6ly {.11 dlainsd, foatelatelv tln6 taf,tued'

lt&nqlt c.lcacds 3oil6 d.velqsd tD ttte loess

!€d€p@tteit bv {at6! alurtnq $blecent Frtod' rt

has 6 stdcturat (cadtc) a ho!1zoo' The gerteg

-t2a-

ocfrls tn . lsml-artd aDd subhuotd subtloptcar coDtlnen-

tar, cI1m!t.d .nd c.cupt€6 level to n€ally IdeI bastns

tn the sub!.ccn! RedepoBlt.d I@35 pl.tn.

It h.. . t llo{!.h b!om, .!ty clly loan,

m63rtv€, .ttongly calcar.@5 rp ho!1td, uDderlah bv

a ilalk y.Lloe&h blooD, 3l1ty clav loah! !e'k co'lae

subanguls! blocky, stlonglv c!!caed5 a ho!t2@ to

6bout 150 cm. Tlre bolttd bounat6rte3 a!. c1..! 6nd

EreEe$-.!r!C-C8e

tb€ lotl ls used fo! Eelelal cropptnE tlth

canal tlltgatto. ualn clops g.od ale suqa!_cde'

todd€r, {ho.t, malze aod sqne rtc€'

}.s5e913!rC-tqlls

It tj as3@tat6d rtth Kufr1, zaE. Mtant and

glllar.-CqUt

Burhan lE slmtt.! to (uf!i and zt!' Mlana

6ertes. &!!!t i6 slttv ct!v, 'hite Zala Mtana tE

-\2L-

rh€ Cha!5ad,ta ssrt.€ coostst! ot velv 'ie€p'

osll at!.in€d. nooc6lca!€d., medlu( tgxtured solJ!

alev€toP€il ln Srat rlv€t .Iluvlun 't'tpdtt€d dulinq

sublec6nt Fliod. It haa a str@tut't (cadibtc)

A ho!126. 1n6 Eortes occuE tD a s€mt-5llit 3ubtloptc4l

conttnent6l cltGte aod oc@pte3 !e6!ly ttutt *"1-

tlon 1n thc Subrec4t l.ve! rtver plalM'

rt h€. a datk gltYlsh bro'n' 6tlt loah'

tus.lve, stlghtlv chlcar€@e aP bollzon' urld€ll61n

by a dalk 9!eYt6h !106, slrt lost' o€ak coafs'

3ubaDgul.! tl4tt, noncatcar€d3 B horlDn to

ab@t 11O cm, undedatn t'y ttght ollv€ qev'

3tlt lo.m, @e6!v€, noncalcareout c hortzon'

Cotun to cnt !1oe aDil @d1un distlDct mttl'6

usually st.rt flom 50 ch d€pth' th€ hortzo

bolndall.g .te '1€6r or gledual 'nd

!@oth'

t-be .oil t3 u.€d fo! qene!61 cloppulS

{1th p€!€nnla! canaL ltrtqatton of htEh tntonlttba'

The maln clops gro{n !!e suqa!-c'n€' tobacco' {h"t

anit todde!5. Rlce ts 'I50 culttvated b"rt on

'Itmtt6d 3cale dd tn th' depEssld! <d[v'

-122-

AsgeElnlai--golIs

rt ts dlsoctated utth chtna and Rar6a* sert€B.

Sl4!ir-&U€ChatsadCa tB 61m:1ar to Chlna sell€E. chlna

serles ts slfty clay loam rn toxtu.e.

.&$l-!Srll--€c4es{he (6ttl KheI seltes constEt6 of de€p, {€II

dlataed, mdtu( textued, c.t.trgous, eslt!e-a!*.ll

soll. d6veloped in th€ l@33 t€depoettad dutl'g

subrecent pertod. It has a atluctural (canblc)

B ho!f26. The r.ltes @4!s 1n . tdl_clId Eubtlo-

plcat contlo€ntal cllmata Bnd occuple. laval to

n€ally l€ve1 poElt tons on tlE f!1n966 of baslos 6nd

cha$el3 tD the Redeposlted l@Es ptatns'

It ha3 a dark grettsh b!om, sltty loan'

@s.lvo bleaktnq into verv t€ak qoatEe sub'nqultr

blocky, rcde.atelv calcale43 toFotl. uniledatn

by a brom/dark brow!, stlt loan, !'ax coai'

6ubanqu.la! btockv, @de!5t€tv calcar€oN B horizon'

th€ substratufr ts broNn/d.lk broti aDd d6!k glevi3h

b!od, srlt roavv€lt fI!. satrdt toan' tu3slv€

@detately calcar€ous C hortzon' pH of th€ €nt!r6

ploltle lanqes botue€n a.t and 9'6' l1le hotlzd

boudatles a!6 clear or sladuol dd s6oth'

-t23-

!reee!!-!!!d-Car

T|'6 .ot! 1s o6tnty us.d as pod grazlng leit,am6l1 patch.6 ae oltiv.t.d fo! ,h.at, nB12€ and

tEle.en o{th c!6I ed llgt t!!lq.ttdt.Arlocl.ted S^tI.

It te .6s@tated {tth BhoI. lnd Plrs.b6k

iu&rbr.-soa!Katrl lQr€ll te 3lni,Ia! to 6ho16 !€!1e3.

Bhola ls mod.r6t€1y lln6 to.tuled.

!hr"n!r--geds!

Tb. Iarsz6na sert€6 coo3lsts o! al€6pr

moil€rately o.lt (e€aronauy inpelfectly) dlatned

rFderately coalse te*tured, iEelve .nd 3ttatlft6d

sol,Is fotmd in the Roc€nt Kabul rtv.r auuvrum.

rt has oo B ho!t.on. th6 B6t1e3 ocor. in a s€mt-

.rtd Eut'troptcal, contln.ntal cltfiat. rnd ocoplas

b.F aod l€v€€3 h th€ n cst rlv€r Pt.l6.

It h6s 6 dalk sleylsh brod, v.!v ftn6 36n'lv

1o.6, Esstv€, (od€r6telv calcaleout Ap bollzon?

undellat by ltratlft€d l!ve!5 o! 3 otlve b!o|n to

ollve srey to.hy ft!6 E.nd to verv ftn€ .ddg ro'n'

the bdndart€t bete€€n th€ lave!3.r. abluPt or

amooth antl cL.at or {avyi

-\24-

P!.6ent Land U!.

The aotl ts u6ed

.9!tcultur€. a!9.!-c6ne

Asqllalec-scll!

golbr-sout

Khaza.! tE alollar6€rt6e 13 Gdtum t6*tu!€d

E$brlol--€erlea

It La asaoctated Htth Talsak Bnd shabqad.r

FaEak s.!i€3. H6B.k

has a B hollzon.

fhe s!*hakoE settes, c@stst. o! deep, ieUitr6hed, loamy, noncalcare@s 60113 ilovelopad ln

pl€dt@t mit€rtsl dertved lron north.h 6nd nolth-

x.!t.F r6nE€€. rt b.s ! rtrctut.I (csnbtc) B

holtton. The Eertes oc4!. tn a $bhunld aubtroptc.I

.ontln.nt.I clth6t€ and occuples n66rlv l6vet tog.ntty sloptDg Po3ttlon! tn the oId dt.sect€d

rt h.3 5 dalk !€itdi.h broM, lo.n, tus3lv€

br.akt@ tnto ftne q!anul!!, 6l19htlv calcaleds

Ap tFlltod, undcliatn bv ilalk E€'tdleh brol.i!' Io!n'

!6Ek coals. and @dlun !r$.ngula! blo'kv, non to

.ttqbtly calc.!.os B hotlron to about A? cr, siter-

tiin by a r€ddj,sh blotn, landy loam (9r6v.Uy) ' naellvt'

moitelstely 661.!!eous c hollzoD. th€ holtzd b@nda!16'

are clea! a.d 3lbtb.

!&r9!l-!.atd-Cse

th6 eotl !6 be tnq

uotter dly-f6nntng. lra1n

Loc6l,l,y 6oc tobacco 1s

a!.sgglalsd-ggl;la

It 1s ^sBoclat€it

s.!1€s and Gravolly 6od

S6khd@t la

6€rle5. Both th.s6

Uartu!-&!l!!

lor !€5trtct6d cropptnE

qrouo a!. {h.at auat m61ze.

*Itb tub.-{ell lBtgallon.

sidtl!! to rtt{6td .na Mlnsooka

3ert.! .E cnlc.4out'

Tb€ M.!d6n.ettt! con'lsts of v'ry d€ep'

moite. rtely d€Il Ge*sonaUv trnperfectlv) d!a!ned' -Ja:

trne text"rea,frcncarcamc.s ouldevetoFd in TJY| talIo€ss ledePetted itu'tnq th' sublec6nt p'!!'d'

rt has a stluctlral (cstDlc) B hort2on' Th€ sertes

o.culs tn 6 3edl_a!td, 'ubtropical cont tn€DtBl

cltmate and ocopl$ 16v't Posttbtu 1tr tre

F.d€Posited Io63s t'as1n3'

-L26-

It haa a dar!. qleyt8h bloHn, stlty clay loai,M56tve, moder.tdly calc6re@3 Ap ho!12@, undell.tn by

a v€ly dalk 0reyi€h b!4n, silty clay. mdelatg to atlonq

@dt!n anqulaa or srbangular bldky. Bllghtty calc!!e@.B horlzo! to ab@t 132 cn. tt€ c ho!126 15 ltght oltv6brod, stlt lo6m, ha5slve lnd sl,1ghtly c.Lca.e@s. A uone

ol ItE 6ccudl!t1@ ocafl b.Io, 155.n. Th€ hortzon

boudariee .re clea. rndl liboth.

&**!*@The eot! & us€d tor l,fftqlt.it !g!lcuttu!. o!

@derate to hl,gh cropplnq tntenstty. suca!-c.ne 6nd

tobacco ar€ th. @ln cropa.

At &dergc-s9.tLr

It 1s .3soclated ,ith Dos€la, Bu!h$, trra Mt.nr.

anil Krfll s€ti.6.

glofiar&llcMaldBn ts stmil6r to Dosela 6hd r{fr1 series.

Dosera ha. blomar corols xh11e Ktf.t t3 calcareous.

.$l.d-car&tTh€ Kufll dertes constt€ of very deep, oell

il..tned, ft!€ tsxtured,.al.a!e@s sotts d4eloped !b

E€depclted tess durtng tna Lat€ Pl.tstocde Ptloal.It ha6 a structulal (c6rbtc B holtzon. |!ra 3elteg

-L21-

@dr! 1n a s('hl-a.td oubtrcPtcal contlndtal cllhat'

.nd occuFles I4o1 to nonlly ldel ba3tn3 lE3lt1on la

the Redepclt€d t@$ prah..

rt hss brm/d.rk bto6, stlltv c!av' @65tvtr

'&deratelY calcele@s aP holtzon, urd€llatn bv a dalk

bro{n, clay, dbdarato tr€dtud ed coalse sribalgular

blocky, rcdet6t€lv to.tfontlv calcareou6 B hotizon'

fhe tFllzon bsn.lalleB ale clelr or gladua! and smooth'

&erglt !a.d Use

the 3oU ts belng us€d fo! qdelal cbppttg

unde! canal ltrtqatlo.. n l'n croP€ are $qa!_can€'

,beat, t.ntacco. soqa!-tt€t an't ma!z€'

tt ls d.socl.teil {!tb Mardan, Buthan' Dos€la

and Z€ra Mtana 36t1€5'

gl.dlal--9oue

(ufri ts stotla! to Dosefa' Maldan snd Burh'n

!€!1e5. Do6era 15 no(rctlcteons' r'tsldan rs ndc6lcaroc 13

{1tti sley col4rs and t6r itul1 BLlckeBld' ln th' uPp6r

50 cd wblre Bulian ls slttv cl'y loan tr t€atur"

-120-

gxuir$--c€rleE

r1!. GultilnE reltes con.&€s of v.!v at6.pr

mdelat€ry {eU dlatned, ftd€ textured, .oncalcaE@.

solls d6velop€d itr t@es d€pdited dulj.nq lat€ Pl6t5-

tocene F!1od. rt has a 3tluctual (canblc) 3 horlzoD.

The sert.s occu!! tn . .ulhunt.t subtroptcal conttnentar

clldato ond occuptes ]evel to nearlv t.ve! pogttlss l!

the LoeBE P1atns.

It has a btorn/ilafk blotsn sllt Ioa{ tbat

approaches sl1ty clay loam, nassiv€, Doncalcar€oug

Ap ho.lzon, sde!t!!n by s d.rk-vel1o{'teh b!o{n,

sllty clay loa[, ,eak to rcd€rate, coaFe ao'l cdls

.ubanqu!.! and .ngulE ttlocky, B horlton und€d.ln i'y

tlgl't oltve brotn .tlt to6h C hortz@ r'h{'n tncluiles

a zd6 of It@ acdNlattcn. ftr€ proflle k nonctlcaleoa

to about 1O2 cn. The hoEtzon bound6lle5 are cl€'r o!

abrupt and 5l@th.

-treca!l.-!aiC--C-9.e

Th€ 3oII 1€ used fo! g€neral cloPplns {ttt! can61

tE1g.tlon. rh. clops grdn .r. sw't-can€' tob'cco'

rheat, datze, su96r_beet a.d to'lde! alonE'lth i6*

-r29-

As.o.iated sdt19

It ts assoct.teil wtth t\o@l, Basal, M15sa, Qutba1

3nd RaJar s6t1es.

S$ll4-Eo!tGulltana j,e llFilar to Do@1 atd Basal serl€''

DocI and Basal seltes are calcare@6r

Iltllard-i41eeI'he MlIH.ld s€ries consl3ts of de6pt to v6!y d6ep'

{6lt drained, calcaleous, Eiuum textuled sol1s d6v€1op€'t

tn !€ddi3h ltro(n ptedrcot alluvjum dd d€pdtted dullDg

the lllatdt€ r'tebtoce.e p€r1od' It ha6 6 3ttutulal (caoblc)

B ho!l.on. |lhB E€rt" d@r! tn a sdl-fid to tubhuml'l

6ubt!optc61 bnth'ntal cltnst€ and occupt€a nsstty level

to ge.ttv sloptng posltlon tn th€ old dksect€d pl€d@nt

rt has a dark !6dd15h brun' gr'vgltv loafr'

@sslve {1tb €ax to mode!'te ftne gtsurla eI€nEDts'

stlongly calcaleoug AI hottzo! {ith about one co d66e!t

paverent on ttE Eu'f6ce' lid6tlain bv d'rk reddlEh bro{n'

,-". *u*"4" to {oak' rEdium and ltn€ gob6ngul6! blocky'

3tlongly calcareous B horlzd to 142 c(' !nde!16!tr ]tv

daik reddlsh b!o{n' glavellY loam' maEstv€ and stlonqly

calcat€ou3 C ho!t2on' th€ holtzon bdndalios ate abrpt

or clea! and sh@th'

-130-

Pra6.nr LiryLltge

The sotl Is Ghly u.ed both for dEy_fahtDganat genelal clopprrg ,ith c6n l lrElEsrton. Loc.l1ylt t3 ly1n9 bafen.

A3!dtit.d s6tl6

It tl lssoctat€d rrth Mt3sa and Rslar..!ieaand qrdelly 6toy laid.

S]lol,Irr-.gollt

xllard ts etnlla! ro s.)khakot .e!ie5. Sd<har<or

rs broh€! in colours. 1B e3$ntlally noncalcalaou6 Enil

l$s eU itdolop€d.

36!!c4isdsjTh€ xlcholt 36!tes conB$ts of Etterately de€p

and de€p, nbdelately wsU atlalned, c.1caE@s, modelately

fln€ t€xtured. Bal,tn6-al,kalt solls d6v.Ioped ln 6 mlxed

catco!6@s ftn€-srlty dtsash.s fron tlE Pletltocan€

ptgdrctrt allwtum derlved f6n the south-Best€fi !€!9..and deposit€d prcbably du.lng the sub!.cent €poch. rtrras 6 6t$tu!6l (cadlc) B bor16D. Th6 6ellea ocostn a .€mt-atid eubtloptcal codtlnantal cllnat€ and

@cuptes oearly 1ev6l po6ttlont on th6 tllng€s of

bas tns and qhannols th tb€ pl€ilrcnt pl.tns.

tt has b.omldark t1!oub, stlty cliy loam, masslve,

nFdslat.ly catc.r€@3 ap borlzon, ud.llaan by a b!om,/da!k

b.od .nd leddlah bro@, stlty clay lo.n. calcalo@r B

horizd utth {eak colrse sut &gulBr and .ngul.r blocky

ab@t'rl .n. fh. B horlzon 1s qndarl.tn by

a dalk reddlsh b!o{n to b!d.n/it.d< brcrn, stratiflgal

6andy loam aDd stlt lo6n, M3.tve. tudor.telv calc.!'43c borl.m. a bult.d pFlll€ t! €ncount.r.d b61ou lro 's'the hortbn bosd.li6e ale clelr o! Eradull aDd strFth'

PrF.ent Lr.d use

lte 6ot1 t3 n.talv !s.d for por Itaztng and

partly tor restrlcted c!o!t lng '

S.1!!3!--E9!e

sotts Elm1I.! to Kschorl

3ame t6nalecape 1. Kachott ttd'

assoclated ,lth Kachdll flne te*tur€d

saltne alkalt phsses of faln'b and Taru

t! @llholoqy tn th€

t.xtut.il v.!lalt.

!!!rL!e4eEth. Mt.!I s€ttes cdr3i.t6 ot nodelatelY d€6p'

o€I1 itlalred, c61ca!eds, poloE ' !atln6-61ka1t' @d!um

t.xtureit 5oil3 ilevelop€d tn subrec€ot mtx€d €dctrtous

l<€D$, !1ve! llluvium d€ttv€d flon fitndu IOsh !t'ce' tt

h.s a strEtulal (canibtc) B horlzon' fh' sett'3 occua

tD 6 6es1-arld subtloptctl c@ttn€ntal 'ltGt€ 6nil

occlpies l€v€I to deallv !4el pdlttoF tD th€ sub-

r.c6rt rlver pl.lne'

It ha6 6 dark gr€y'h brodn' EtIt loan mB3slve'

Fiteratelv catcalsous to96o1l' und'll'tn bv a 'a/k

E!.ylsh bros to oliv6 bto{n! 3tlt lo'ni 'eak coat'6

subanqufat blocky! rcde'ltelv caLcare46 B horlzd'

rb. 6ubst!.tud coitststE o! !'vers of sandt rorm oE

etlt to4 rhlch aE€ sa"w€ ed nEd'rltelv c'1c$'4''

it"-*--" o*"u"ttc a!€ 'rsa! or 'brupt

atrd lmooth'

Ittt trrtqltl.on'

Jo! !.et!1ct'd cropP$q

tb. @tn c!op' qlos

A$4slde!--S9lJ.-€

It $.ssoctated

and Mt3!1 flne taxtured

-131-

s&lrar-slllglslt se!1es t. slollar to X.ttt Kherl 3'ate5'

K6ttt (hel,l 3eltes is d.veloped ln tlF !€dapo3lt€d lesg

the sbarlqada! s€r{€s conBtsts ol deep'

inle!fe.tIy {3€asonal tv poorlv) dratn'd'

6odelat€1y flt€-te*tur€d Eorls 'l'6v€top€d

tn n!t"l qE€v

Ellwtud rlerlved B hor!2d' It haB a st4ctulat (canblc)

fron the Htndokush rcuntab an't deposited bv KaluMver

vltDq subr.c€at periott' Tho Eelles ocors ln ' E€ml_Blld

sutrt&plcal contieDtal c!!tute aoil ocNple3 levef

posittons in the slbrectnt b6s1ns anil channe! !n!11ls'

It ha3 an o1iv6 gtev' 5t1tv clav roam' @3'1ve!

5t!ong1v calcaleous Ap botizoo' ln?tetttin bv a vely dalx

qrey to ollve grev ttlty clav loao' {eak coartG and

redlum subanqular blocky' attoosly c6)ca!6@6 B hollzd'

A zone o! Ilme 6cdtulatton occurc iD th€ 1o"€! p'!t ot

the B. the holtzd bosdaries are clear dit sn@tn'

-r34-

Present l,Fnd Use

The uhole area

for gen.!6l cloPPl.ro

the natn clopE qroon

It !s a$odtat€d

ttne textured anil cI6Y

shabgadar 16

ts t€tl drnlned and

under thls soll is Plesently uE€il

*tth canll i!.1q.tic'r of hlqh tnt@1ty'

rre !ic. and todd.!,

llrh rb$ak 3.t1€5 and shlbqa'tar

stmfa. to NaBak 3e!1es' talrak

fhe shahbasg'lbl 66!l€s 'onslstt ot @it€!'t€Iy

il€ep, Bllt d'atned' calca!6o\rer redtum tattuled 6otl5

J.;; t' ledepoalted plodmnt al1wlu d€llv'd fuo8

;;;".:-,"""." *. **"1.":.::::":::J:;': ::j::r€ce.t P6.tod' -,"", "-.t"*"".rhe 6erl€6 occuls tn a sut'hudtd sublorJ!

.;;:." .." occuptes nearl! reve! poar'tbn3 to the

pleddt tdel Plain'

-1!5-

It h6E a blomldark brom, Ioam, ruEetve,

trDderat6ly calca!6o'rs topeoU, undellato by a blotdl

dark b!o*n, grav€Itt l€n rltb @ffi to teu rock

frsg@nts, v€lf d€.k to w€ak co6!5e 5lbsnqul6t b1o'ky'

rpateeE.ly calcdteous B ho!t26r| to abor! 55 cm d6pth'

uatarlatn bt a f1n€ rock ft6g!.nt lted''!h' hor{zd

bounilarles are.lea! o! abnpi.nd shooth'

Pr..dt Land U3e

lbe tou 15 betng E.iluniter canal trltq.tion6. Tbe

{heat and sugat-c6tr..

for g€ne!?l clogPtng

natn crop. groBo ar6

assoclrt€tt {ltlr Pj,!3ab€k s€!1a6 tDdar.raElrld-90l;L9

sh.trbazqarhl tt shu6r to Pilsiiblk and Msnttoka

scrr,e.. tt.n.ooLa ti.t r€ditl3h b!o{n to blo$/dar* broo

coldlr (5tR and t.5 YR hue) 'htte plFabd' is d6v€1olE l

rn beHn/dark bloHn !€d€po'tt'd )@ss hltns no !o'k

-136-

l{a!gj} ss!i€6

"he Uars.L sertes cdst3ts of v€ly deep, Htlt

d!.1oed, c!1ca!6d8, m6dtum t6xtu.ed solrs developed i.n

Katul rlve! a1llvIufi ond de:oslred durlng tha subr6c6ltpellod. It has a stnctulal (c€dtc) s bo!lz@. rh.5er1e. oc@rs ta a semt-alld subtloplcal contlDatalcltm6te End occupl6s noally lev€I to l€v€l posltlons

tn the Sutrecent !1ve! plahs.

It has oltvo g!dy, stlt loam, Gs8lv€, strongly

cslca.Eous Ap hortzon, underlal,n by oliv€ q!.y/dafk oltv6

9!€y. sllt loam, @6k coa!3€ .nd Edle aubangula! bl6)<y,

3tlongly c.Ica.€ds B hortzd to ab@t 10? cF. The c horl_

zon t! oltve g!ey, stlt 1o4ft, mastlv€ and stlonslv calc.leN'

A zoDe o! Ltrc ac.unul.ttoo occuls,lthjn th6 Lot€! palt o!

thc B hofizon. The horlzd bosilalt€s ale cl6ar and s@otn'

!I9Ec4-!t!-d--cag

tho 6011 is usetl fo! qen.lal clopplnq wtth canat

llrtqatrd of hlgb totensttv. the @tn c!op6 qrom 6F

Euqar-can6. tobacco, malze and {heat'

Acgssl3lgd-991Ie

rt t5 assoclated €lth Shabqada!' r$azana anil

charsadda 6ell€s.

-13?-

srntlnr 56ils

H.rs^k La sintla! to Chals.dda and Shalqlda,se!te.. ChaEsdddo 13 daeloF€d in DoDc.Icare@6 b!o,Ds{at !av6! alluvlun ,hlle sh.bqadar t, mdelat.tt ttn€

-t3a-

Arpendtx-2. Afl.ct 6t rt.. f.rt{ltzirrd .n +-..h mrtt.r@

e*1c!--.af--LL&&

,'**{*^.pm Yr el{-!!Ubql9

5.o

2.5

42.30

52.O4

136.55

5?.OO

1S2.OO

14.2 14.3 14.O

15.O l4.O 13.O

19.O 17.35 15.7

4A.20 44,65 42.70

21.OO

22.OO

1t.O

59.O

18.OO

5S.OO

19.0

ra.5

32.O

32.O

15.O

20.o

56.O

1S.OO

2i.@

29.O

25.O

3r.og5.o

15.O 51,O

15.O 53.O

t?.o 55.5

la.o 59.O

22,5 67.5

59.5 r85,5

-139-

AFpondlx-2 (conthu€d)

-3&!L&r$!!c d€€a *f oZ R

ta.o 58.o

21.o 54,O

63.o 194.O

1?.O 60.0

55.o r8A.O

20.o 61.0

25.5 ?5.O

65.5 r9?,O

16.0 45.o

lt.o 55,o

!5.o .6,9

4g,O 146!0

21.O

25,O

7Z.O

68.O

?5.O

5.o

5.o

5.o

22.o

23.O

24.O

24,O

12.O

25.O

1S.O

16!O

4A.O

2 3.O

2l.o

69.O

19.O

2t.o25.O

65,o

2t.o

21.5

20.o

15.O

so,o

24.O

22.O

2a.o

?r.o

AppondU-2 (Cont ttued)

2.5

5.o

5.o

2L.O

16.O

t4.ot?,o17.O

t6.o

27.O

16.O

!?.o41.O

13.3

r3.3

17.o

23.O

t6.o

14.5

ao.5

17.O

L7,O

t6.o

t5.o

l3.o

15.O

1a.o

,a5.6

ag.5

a 3.5

1A.O

t5.o

to. ?

t 3.3

13.O

17.O

15.O

tB.o

46.1

49,5

5t.o55.5

t5a.o

llo,5

43.5

131.o

51. o

154.O

12.7

43.3

a3.o

129.O

39.4

49.3

133.1

-t4!-

App€ndtx-2 (coDtlnued)

&rllrslloD

16.0 4g.O

15,O 46.t

16.0 !ta.o

13.O 43.O

15.5 46.5

4,t.5 13a.5

t5.o 4A.O

15.O 43.O

5.o

o

5.o

5.o

5.o

t5.o17.O

t5.ot6.o

t?.o15,O

t4.o46.O

20,5

61.5

15.O

l5,ol8.o46.O

l?.o16.9

r5.o

44.9

16.O

t?.o11.O

t6.o

16,O

20.o

r5.o

15.O

16.5

46.5

21.O

2!.O

51.5

tg.ol5.o

5?.8

6!.564.4

163. a

46.O

48.O

49,5

t!t3.5

-1,12-

App€ndtx-2 (Conr tnu€itt

-l

t5.o

1?.O

47,O

t6.o

l5.o12.9

19.O

15.4

t6.o

46.O

t 2.o

1a.o

12.O

EeAlEAl&oRz R3

bm Yreld

2.5

5.o

2,5

2.4

5.o

15.O

IA.O

46.O

t 4.o

16.O

46.8

t6.r16.O

l3 !o

t 3.o

l?.6

t3.o13.6

ta.5at.!

!o.ot 3.o

! 6.O

15.O

46.2

33.?

14.7

51.2

35.6

40.8

,t3.5

45.O

46.3

46.2

137.7

aa.3

!12.4

34. g

41.O

-r43-

fo.^aE!.i.U6

t+tttztrt

cttH

ts L L l^ --FlrFrfFrJp

oo:

-.

tI

tII

II

r.

-ta4-

lDrsr.$Ut

Ippddl,t z

N.g3.9

Sotl 9.d..

ar!o! (b)

2 ?ale

21 ta52.51

ao 172.6t

2 10l.Oa

a9 l{9.23

1OO x6.E

ltta-2

"1i"'

-$f.g '16

r3.la r,

:6.6c r"

rt.ts r,{g

!?.or

ta3.85

3.60

50.52

3.Ot

"#!#'

-1,15-

Ef!.ct of rtoc ferttlrr'ttd d dr Ftt.!@

-ol-!lrui!:E!

Bell|Eatkqzinc doa.. Rl R2 R3

DEm- --,---,-!Ield-c.sl!o!c--

2.1

2.5

2.5

23.4

1.8 6.2

1.0 6.4

1.4 7.2

5.4 2O,2

2.1 1.9

2.1 LO

2.5 a.l

4.O 13.2

1.1 l,!.1

4.3 13,?

t3.o 41,o

2.4 6.!3,O 9.5

2.9 1O,3

6.3 2S.l

3.2

2.9

5.O

t4.2

to,a

1.9

6,a

2.7

13.9

9.O

2.6

3.6

-t16-

AE |rltt-l (cdtllr.d

!!ot.lEaDl&alaoltno itoF.r 8r \ i3Yt llt drl6t.

r|!a.r

o

2.5

o

5.O

o

2,5

t.oAoEl

2.5

5.o

o

2.5

5.O

3.1

3.o

9.6

!.?3,9

lt.3

2,6

6.O

1.4

2.42.2

6.4

3.O

t.7to.o

2,a

l.o

t.l

!.2

a,E

9.5

z.a

!.oa.z

2.6

3.1

2.!a.l

3.4

3.6

!o.?

2.5

2.3

2.6

3.4

t.3

2.1

2.4

8.1

2.2

2.t7.1

2.at

1.2

3.8

to.6

6tO

6.?

3,2

26.a

9.5

to.3

$.t

a,z

9.t2{.!

6.6

6.6

22.5

t.9rd.!It.131.5

apF€rdtx-3 (coi!1D6al)

SeDll9!!ic!*t R2 R3

5.o

5.o

5.o

5.o

2.1

2.1

1,9

2.4

2.2

2.9

2.O

2.4

6.4

2.2

2.5

6.4

5..J

6.6

t.6

2.6

2.1

2.3

2.1

2.2

2.7

7.4

6.4

t€.4

6.5

20.4

6.O

6.6

la,a

6.6

zo.9

2,o

2.1

6.1

2.6

-144-

ApFndtr-3 (cottred)

&!L!qrL!r!Rt R2 R3

Ytald dnlEt.

5.O

5.O

5.6

20.2

3.1

4.7

r?.4

5.4

20.1

a.1

21.O

6.4

6.6

1.9

6.!

2.4

3.O

2.L

2.1

2.2

?.o

2.1

5.t

2.o

?.1

3.4

9.4

2.o

li6

1,5

1.9

2.tr

9.2

6.7

-l't$

rFF.rdtF! Gotl;r.dlLC.lslllslotl r.rl- rr rzIt la d/Ee.

t! !*al

xochr!,

tlbrl

tbdD.rglttrt

5.o

lotaf

o

2,3

3,o

o

lot.l

ot.35.O

!otrl

o

2.4

lotel

z.?

2,9

2.2

7.a

1.6

2.3

2.O

6.!

2.7

z.a1.94.9

1.ta.a

6.5

t.72,7

t.66.O

t.a2.O

2.7

6.1

1.9

t.?t.g

2.5

2.1?.!

2.as

2.!O

2.66.go

z.ot.62.0

r.tl

1.8

5.o

t.9

1.6

2,7

4.16,1

1.?O

,.352.12

6.1?

l.lo.!1.9

!.6

l.a6.!6.4

la.5

5.{s.z

5.?

16.3

6.4

?.o20.'

ti.o3

?.o5

6.3?

l9,t?

a,9

5.O

13.a

-150-

I' IeI l- " 6F l+ zre 3ot tr --g

'"ro:"8

ItI

f-

-151-

l|!4.r-l!E!lF.trctF3 (cdlt !.nu.il)

a.!. 5,s t.3s.t!tc!ti@ 2 2.a1 +!4 - r.2? i.tr r.

soU !t lies 2a a3.t1 3l,El . l,a8 21.15 t2

tE!o! (.) aa 1.Q .1,19 - 0.16ag

!!..tDDt a 2,a6 z*jt . r.23 4.79.n9ht.lmtld tA 3.',b 3.t0 . O.o8 o,57,a6aEoa |b) too ra.rl li.ll . o.14

loo

appen.ltx-4. Etf-.t .r rlnc f,.rtllrz.tt.n .n mPA Fytrrttdblr4. ddl.nt in 25 drfferent rolr 8..t.. 6l N.,/.F.P.

BElLl!3llcq

5.o

2.5

2.5

5.O

6,76

1. A?

2,47

5.45

1.50

1.65

1.29

2.5;

6.41

3.?o

I .54

3.30

2,26

2.79

5.42

l.oa2.36

2.15

1.91

l.:tc2.A4

5.ot

2.61

3,52

3,0?

l. t?1.60

5.OO

6.09

6.17

1S.43

2.24

4.65

10.42

23.L6

5.54

tB.7l

3.54

9.65

-!53-

AFDodt,-4 G6tttu.d)

8l'Llra .o!*t ^2 A: tot"ttlPA .'t. Za 6d

5.o

5.o

5.o

o.59

r.36

3.14

4.09

1.91

o.64

1.11

3.a5

o.5a

o. a?

o.36

t. t?

1.,1O

2.21

1,21

o.52

2.L2

1.24

5.42

1. a5

3.29

o,37

2.t2

4.64

o.99 2,24

t,t1 1.93

!.66 7.21

4.O2 ! 3.34

1.19 a.o!

a. !a 12.o1

1.26 a.52

2.34 4.59

4.2 3 15.21

o.95

1.55

t.3a3.3A

4,56

o.34 l.o7

o. s5 4.41

1.68 5.93

2. A? 11.41

-154-

App6ndtr.-a (conttDu.d)

!t.p].le-a!&!sotl 6€rlee ztDc dose! Rr t R3 Tot.tDm DlPA.Yt-Zn ph

o,€1 2.60

1.7S 5.3a

l.5a ?.O4

4,17 14.96

o.?1 2.30

t.3l !. 94

1.45 6.24

3.50 12,36

o.50 1.5?

o.79 2.92

2.23 5.76

3.52 to.21

o.93 2.36

1.?3 ,t.63

1.60 4.52

4.26 t t.53

o.73 2,O9

l.5a :1.60

L,92 1 .11

4.r9 14.52

5.O

2.5

5.O

o.37

3.04

a,a1

o.55

1.20

o, ao

l. aa

4,26

o.60

1.56

o.92

2.OO

2.42

5.34

1.2 9

?.ao

1.66

o.a2

o,93

o.65

1.O2

1.34

3.ol

o.t61.70

2.L2

a.5a

-155-

app€ndrx-a (cdttnuod)

Be.o).l!n$losotL B€rl€. zlnc d6.! Rr "ZtlPA .yt. ZE

i3

2.5

5.o

5.o

5,o

5.o

1.62

2.46

4.50

t. a9

2.47

5.27

1.54

2.56

3.40

7.50

r.16

1.54

2,31

5.17

o.33

1.1?

3.50

t.21

1.,19

3.46

2.47

t.60

2.41

?.16

,.111.65

2,41

o,9t2.96

4.20

,.15

t 3.24

6!a4

to.91

2o.oo

7.t1

24,29

7,29

r6.05

2.9t

ta.aa

3.21

5.20

2.o€l

5.06

a.06

r.63

1.10

2,45

4.29

1.4!

2.L6

3.94

-t56-

ApFndlx-a (c@tinu.it)

&d.&ag.oot, ^2 R3

-

6fr ltlPA .rt. zn pm

2.5

5,o

5.o

5.o

2.5

2.40

3.o2

6.:o

o.65

1.5e

2.14

L.17

3.o5

1.16

1.o2

2.61

2.o1

l.o22.ot4.o2

?.05

l' A9

2.57

.a.Ag

t .46

2,49

5.50

2.tl

o.45

L,97

2.tl4.53

l.t6{.ao2.46

6.42

2.El2,57

6.22

o.?3

l.lo

5.90

l.toL.26

2.16

\,262.t9

3.26

9.50

2t,97

1, g6

5.3!

?.55

15.7a

4,37

lo.02

16.41

1.39

a.9s

a,9a

r.27:1.35

6.33

t 1.95

-157-

rF!8r.ofr3rFprEq6^*95i".34'6,ab"x

rr ri 'i lr

'aFLrciLtrPPH9t.- t- t- r- pt tr | P t-1tsE

't'H.r.t H ,it F, I f b,;ih h I I dp 3E

F T F I- I- EEHHhhbfi,sLrH'Eo | '- f. Fe i f'v o I , '' S B

'.! ..PE9F 5 . b

t3 ;" L P 9

'9

F

lesar.-!&f3apFtr(|t*-a (coittau.d)

d.t. g,a lt.!R.Dllc.tton .2 O.Sg !.ig , O.r9 o.S ,,sou €.rr.. 2a a8..e !t'/p - 2.@ i.ie r,ErtE! G' ,aa lo.a€ ler']19 - o.a2 .

1A.r.!ttr@t 2 loo.25 &1^?! . 53.rr tr6.Br r,se!l.! trrltftrrit .9 l3.sr Ji-lt . o.2s oli,.AartE b) 1oo aa,55 ]IlL.tiil r o.t5

loo

-159-

AppendtFS. E.r..t .r 'tn. rerrJrrr4rm d llHa!&9r-qle8

WRl *t-

2.3

5.O

2.3

t.9t4,75

a.19

2.60

2.26

a.o2

ll,66

4.11

3,6a

5.06

t.0B

1,39

3.02

3.69

a.b

L.79

5,99

l.053.at

4.12

to.?a

l.oB2.14

t.a?3.26

3.20

9.93

o.86

1.6!i

3.96

6.67

2.20

3.90

,4.64

10.49

o.9l

6,71

1t.o!8.a2

26,22

1.43

5.90

21.54

?.69

1o.99

ta.26

!2.93

7.OA

App6Ddlx-5 (conttm6d)

R.pltcattonRR

2

2.5

5.o

5.o

2,5

5.o

"1

1,60

5.e7

t.3?2.30

l.022.32

1.r9?.53

o.72

2,4A

L.11

o.66

6.A3

10.37

o. at

t.092.56

4.56

2,ot2.15

1.e7

1.43

2. At

7,o7

O.5,1

1.72

1.53

t. €5

o,90 2.45

2.49 5.59

3.17 9.a6

o.9r 2.a7

t.?t 5.o9

2.64 ?.13

5. !o r4.79

2.49 7.64

3,60 10.5

7.36 21,9A

o.5? t.a3t.2a 5.o9

l, ?o 5.19

1.2,1

2.43

a.3r

2,44

1t.12

19.2 3

appondtF E (conrinu6d)

bh _.3ElsEg

SeDJllt rllld"t *2

l.2t

2.oe

5.t2

o.62

t.26a.o9

2.54

2.8r2.aa

7,87

o.a4

6.?o

1.33 1.94

l. e7 3,o9

3.o4 5.41

6.2rI 1o.a4

5.o

5.o

2.5

4.r2

1.10

?.65

t.B2

1.95

6.50

o.9l3.1a

4.22

a. !r

l.?9

6.6!r

l.9a3.20

6.10

o. a7

1.71

2.6t5.19

1. ?6

4. A6

o.63

3.1a

3.61

3. tt6.9A

19.49

a.?a

21.1!

4,93

B.a2

16.66

6.79

21.O4

2,46

a.oo

20.92

apD€natlx-s (cottnu.d)

8e.oura!1

5.o

o

2.5

5.o

2.5

5.o

5.o

5.o

2.2!

6.46

4.49

5.o9

).4. A3

2tl.4r

4.\2

t6,62

29.67

Rt

o.71 3.o9

1.64 1.24

o.lr r r.iz1.o4 l.6l2.36 3.9a

3.05 5.41

6.47 I1.96

t.92 2.tt3.11 2.50

4.20 e,11

9.2 ! ).3. !o

1.61

o,a3

2.72

3.51

6,66

1,47

2. gl

?.16

lt. 't4

1. At 4,92

4. A9 10.50

4.65 t?.52

rt.6l 33.94

1.63

2.15

a.09

7.t1

o.99

1.76

3.36

5. r1

l.t52,41

?.06

1.61

7.43

21.90

o.54 r.95

1.41 5.€9

3.4? 10.34

5.a2 18.19

AFA€ndlx-5 (c@ttnued)

*,u*t*lESl4!

6.,44

9,64

72.426.oo

0.69 1.9

2.33 ?.56

3.Al 9,a1

5.43 la.?3

5.o

5.o

5.o

o

2.5

5.O

1,.6t

3.22

4.11

9.oo

3.o?

2.9r

6.42

o.62

1.27

7,46

2.o5

2.64

5,05

9.73

5.aa

5,93

2.52

2.7A

9.27

o.30 0.33

1,6? 1.15

1 .32 4.47

3.29 4.95

o.44 1.3c

1.49 2.O9

2.13 4.37

4.66 t!,45

o.9t2.06

5. Ao

2,o5

2.24

4.73

o.30

5.91

2.8S

ta.t322,t6

1.O7

1.41

7.o3

6.15

14.14

22.12

;

5I

tl

i

t.s

q o t lN

90tt

!"- i, ; .Ei+o _

:l'.o1

E

l9

ht"L

pt.'r

;3

. -!5t-

. lo!!!!-!E!lr&r.nittx-9 G6tt!u.!t

d.f. 1.3 ti.3 t.r.tlo

R.ptlcltto 2 0,!6 .0..{ - o.a3 o.11 ,12'sou r..t. 2a 79.11 .Z9.ll . 3.33 1.62 t"2a'E !o! (a) a6 a{.26 :l{,r! - o.9a

aa

rr.ot'!.nt. 2 2r0.t5 ,19.!l . 109.98 rlt.l! tr2-

t46

Eltlf (rr, roo 16.65 l{..64 - o.?tt@

l!trodix-6. E.fect 6f zn feFttltzrtt6n d rhe li.Rre3t!S-3eOl3!}!--1Al:LrUl&I9!l--!91l-'3r.kt

d-&&$:r

EE!L&a$.oDir i: AaTtssu. zn om

5,o

5.o

49.!41,4

125.6

39.9

25.3

93.2

42.O

45,6

5r.3r3e.9

!5.0

la.2!L7.2

a5.1

46,4

ao.4

L44.2

t47.3

t64.o452.3

104,3

to5.3

320.9

133.9

149.2

439.9

93.2

15!.9

l3?. tt95.6

468.O

56,9 4?,O

55.2 43.O

60.o 62.6

l?a.1 152.6

34.9

t2?.b

3?.o

5t.o64.o

152,O

24.7

B1 ,2

62.o

!77,9

3?.e

26.7

4t.710t.9

50.6 41.1

a9.2 4e,2

?3,6 4t.1

2r3.4 ! !O.4

-L67-

aFpendLx-6 (conthued)

Elrlftn$.eDRr &z R:

-----DDE----------it l!sur

--

2.5

5.o

5.O

2.5

43.7

43.6

a4.a

26.6

31.4

62,6

120.5

115.5

t20,4

162.9

398,8

34.4 33.4

4 3.2 33.6

?9.3 49.3

160.9 !!6.3

33.2

116.t

30.8

ao.2

150.1

15.4 30.O

2S.9 51. ta2. t 3?.5

126.1 tt9.2

39.5

18r.9

2L.9 27.4 @,.6

36.5 !t3,6 126.?

9?.a 106.5 323.O

3?.6

31,?

95. a

2a,2 10.6

24,t L10.7

2 6.4 1{6.,1

76.1 a2t.7

20.5

3!I.5

21.8

a2.9

152.3

98.5

75.2

119.9

242,4

:r!?.6

Appendir-6 (Cdt tnu.d)

EllurtifotSotI .6!tes Zlnc do!6. *t

"2 R: Totr1

. om tr..u. Zq pm --

43.3 26.L

32.1 a2.6

46.2 45.3

t22.2 LOl.O

21.a 97.2

36.8 rO2.l

7!.5 163.0

136.1 362.3

27.2 ?5.4

43.5 lO2,l24.7 71t.O

95.4 268.9

2.5

5.o

5.o

2.5

5.O

5.O

5.o

22,e

30.9

110.5

20.5

25.4

?9.4

23,4

29.4

82.9

25.O 27.6

26.3 67.3

31,7 36.?

03.o 133. !

,6.1

r22.1

95.?

295,9

?5.1

94.6

253,5

36.1 54.2

!o.5 3A,?

10.5 21.2

97.2 t20.1

21.O 35.4

5t.4 -37.9

96.9 LO5.l

45.O 135,3

/,5.9 l15.l21.6 42.4

115.5 332.9

21.9

32.1

24.5

-169-

"r*tq* Ri tot"l

tr.{e Zn !m

2.5

5.O

5.O

5.O

17.O

36,1

1!.229.6

32.O

39.5

41.7

t1.4

29.1

34.6

90.5

2A.5

2A.7

a3.o

4a,9

131.?

39.7

34.7

r43.5

2t1,9

46.O

13.1

2 t,a31.2

24,!

?4.1

29.1

24.5

sa.6

44.2

?4.6

50.5

35.9

42.6

1,29.9

a't.a

50.4

115.1

30.s

26,1

84,5

a9.3

251.2

Ll1.1

163.3

403.9

l2g.?

277.1

460.3

!15.?t!9.3l"o. a

3?5.4

?s.g

a7.2

251.4

Ap9€nd1x-6 (contlN€d)

- R..r i!.it^n

-nr T{id. Zn bm

2.5

2,4

5.o

2.5

5.o

10.5

34,7

40.5

93.1

50.7

121.4

32.1

42.2

t14.1

16.3

49.2

42.3

a1.2

214.O

32.7

a1.9

1o2.1

22,6

24.9

156.,i

213,9

66.8

12.9

12.2

1S!.9

aa.3

a9.a

4 3.1

141.2

1t?.5

120.4

a5. a

114.5

26L.5

14A.3

166.8

296.6

6\!.1

153.O

1,1o.9

425,a

149.3

131..4

1rt9.3

13.2 21,O 19.9

37,4 51.4 2A,1

51.9 33.? 35.2

132.5 t12.9 113. B

gPt".8F6;!"3

'P'o'ot

l:

'atu

t+

@F

I

H

I

-!f2-

app.Ddl*-5

l!!8!-tdr,

at.l. g.l !t.3

loll 5.!L!

rrtos bt

2a

a8

aa

100

tso. loo!g

o.615

!It.rt5

&€t.50

2a295.6A

69A5.39

2a3t2.19

lo!*1.6

.3gJl ' 16{.?32

.&g,t'3!6'?3211

,629t !9 ' 5a?.€5't8

.69El,3lt'34e3'7o

zltlEJl - )07,11

16!e2-e . lo!.9!loo

33.61

lar!$i!.13

ADpe.drx-6 (codtlnued)

ReDffcitlon 2 329-45 J:l'-45 = 164 ?3

so-r -er '-: 2r p!.L.a -e-:L-5! _ 116.? ' o 6L'

trror {a) 4a 26296 68 E?35'59 = 541'as

2 5aa5.3o 6:9rJq - '4o2.?o li'Br

1q 24r.2.1c :!-1!2J 5o1 t4 i;""

Lrr r rD) l.o lo3' .4 ]:.l:-rs - l\3 ol

\ l.'. i