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“Public Administration Reform Experiences in
Mongolia: NPM in Practice? “
L. Tur-Od, Governance SpecialistUNDP CO
UNDP’s Global Practice Meeting on ‘Public Administration Reform’
Bratislava, Slovakia19-22 April 2004
UNDP’s Governance Setting in Mongolia
The Best: On the right track towards democracy
The Good: Relatively high level of political freedom, press
freedom and participation The Bad:
Less impressive performance in the rule of law, government effectiveness and accountability
The Ugly: Poorly performed in combating corruption
among public officials UNDP GHDR 2002
UNDP‘s Support to PAR/Governance Reforms
1993-1996 Management Development
Programme (MDP) 1997-2000
Governance & Economic Transition (GET) Programme
2002-2006 Democratic Governance
(DG) Thematic Area
(I) ‘Management Development Programme:
PA & CS Reform’ 1993-1997
Policies, legislation & strategic documents: ‘Policy Paper on Govt. reform processes’ Civil Service Laws & Regulations Business plans & new structures for ministries Personnel Management Handbook
Implementation & Institution-building: Civil Service Council & Sub-Councils estbd. First entrance exams for civil service National Audit Office estbd. Ministries from 16 to 9 & appt. of State Secretaries Govt. common service system estbd.
(I) UNDP Support to MDP’s PA & CS Reform Component
UNDP: “Management Development Policy &
Programme Support” [MON/94/101- US$1,200,000]
“Public Administration & Civil Service Reform” [MON/94/102-US$500,000]
Others: SIDA-”Civil Service Training & Consultancy”
[US$800,000] UK -”Job Classifications” [US$ 350,00] NZ –”Government Restructuring” [US$350,00]
(II) ‘Initial Phase of NPM/GRP-I’ 1997-2002
Public Sector reform strategies Comprehensive Program of Governance Reform (GRP)
[1999-2009] Public Sector Management & Finance Law (PSML) [Final
draft 1998, adopted June 2002] GRP-I Implementation
Formulation of Strategic Business Plans (SBPs) & Financial Statements
Preparation of output-based budget estimates Formulation of adherence to Performance Contracts Merit-based recruitment & promotion procedures Specification of outputs of each agency, incl. description,
quantity, quality & cost
(II) ‘Donors/UNDP Support to Initial Phase’
UNDP: Capacity Building of Governing Institutions
[MON/97/123-US500,000] Decentralization & Local Governance Support Support to Transparency & Accountability
ADB & Others: ADB Loan [US$ 25 million] and TA [US$ 1,1
million] for GRP-I SIDA/SIPU-Civil Service Training & Consultancy
Phase II
(III) “Second Phase of NPM/GRP-II’
2003-present
PSML coverage & framework: Clearly delineate Strategic priorities through SBPs; Formulate, adopt & execute Budget based on accrual-
accounting principles; Adopt Output-based budgeting, management, & overall
reporting and delegation to chief-executives; Integrate recurrent & capital budgetary needs in
medium-term framework, formulate proper appropriation estimates in each year;
Prepare annual & forecast financial statements on accrual basis;
Adopt transparent merit-based employment policies and performance-based career progression.
(III) ‘Donors/UNDP Support to Second Phase’
UNDP: Good Governance for Human Security [MON/00/103-
US500,000] Parliament Strengthening for Democratic Governance
[MON/01/102- US$ 700,000] National Integrity System Enhancement [MON/03/101 –
US$ 750,000]
ADB & Others: ADB Loan [US$ 13,5 million] and TAs [US$ 2 million] for
GRP-Phase II SIDA/SIPU-Civil Service Training & Consultancy Phase II
Preliminary Lessons Learned from PAR
Experiences Some lessons globally: It took the UK and New Zealand many decades
to reach the stage of the NPM NPM approach can reinforce social exclusion,
regardless of its rhetoric of… Some lessons from Mongolia:
One who pays the piper calls the tune Cultural, ethics & human aspects of NPM needs
to be attended Overall lesson: It is better to do right things badly than wrong
things well
Implications for UNDP-Mongolia Country Office?
UNDP’s PAR/Governance
Portfolio:
Still in transition to find its niche among key donors,
particularly with ADB & WB
Needs consolidation through projects on institution-
building & policy frameworks
Seeking further collaboration with national & international
partners on PAR