Public Health Prez Eng

PUBLIC HEALTH

Assoc. Prof. Petko Salchev, MD, PhD

Доц.д-р Петко Салчев, дм, КСМЗМ - МФ-МУ-София

Community

A group of people which share common views and habits and live at a same geographic location

The members of the group identify themselves exclusively through the values and views of the group


Society

„Society” – is this a mere sum of people or an entity (organism)?

Two theoretical schools – Collectivistic – Saint-Simone, Kant, Hegel, Marx,

neo-marxists, structuralists – Methodological individualism – A. Smith, D.

Hume, K. Popper


Collectivistic school

Collectivistic notions relate to a defined reality, autonomous and independent from people, like society, party, class; which being real by themselves are still being formed by individuals and it is the scientists duty to search and define the laws for development of this substance


School of methodological individualism

No specific reality corresponds to collective notions;

Classes, societies, parties do not exist; There are only individuals; Only individuals think and act.


Meanings of the term “society”

Socio-historical organism Human society in its wholeness – “humanity” Society as such, regardless in what concrete

forms it exists A certain type of society Society as a geo-social organism Society as a demo-social organism


Public health

Reflects the integral interaction between two systems – this of “biological health” and this of “society”

Two-component integral term – health : society

Multidimensional system Has the features of a mass phenomenon Inter-disciplinary term


Public health

1. Multidimensional category2. Two-component category3. Mass phenomenon4. Systemic phenomenon5. Category with intrinsic features (components) of:

a. The collective (community)b. The best c. Prevention d. Organization e. Management f. Epidemiology g. Statistics h. Sociological observationi. Value orientation and motivationj. Expression of certain social health events


Public health

Public health is an interdisciplinary notion, an unique systemic phenomenon, based on the multitude and constant complex dynamics of its features – two-component multidimensional structure with mass character, reflecting the dynamic interaction of various social health events, leading to the opportunity for every society member to achieve optimal health and longevity through formation of certain benefits and realizing the individual’s rights to health and longevity.


Social health events

work

trauma

disease

handicap povertyhealth


Main groups of social health events

1. Health status of the population

2. Health needs

3. Health mentality

4. Health activities

5. Health relations


Public health indicators

How is public health measured and estimated?

What is the level of health in a given community, area, region, country?



Health need

Indicators

Resources

Health service

Indicators Estimation of the

results



„The health indicator represents a variable, subject to direct measurement, which reflects the health status of individuals in a certain community” (J.M.Last, 1988)


Criteria for public health indicators

validity – should be able to really measure the event in question; reliability – results should be the same if the measurement is

conducted by different people in same conditions; sensitivity – should react quickly to changes of the process in

question; specificity – should reflect correctly specific changes in a concrete

situations and not some different changes or changes as such; applicability – should be achievable and giving the ability to collect

concrete data; relevance – should contribute to understanding and rationalization

of the studied subject or phenomenon;


Types of indicators

Whole numbers Ratios – the quantitative expression of relating one health

event to another. The health event in the numerator is not included in the one in the denominator

Proportions – same as previous but the health event in the numerator is included in the one in the denominator

Rates – indicators reflecting the change of one variable towards the change of another variable or a given health event observed in the monitored aggregate for a defined period of time. A fundamental precondition is that the defined health event and the monitored aggregate correspond in time and place (for the same period of time on one and the same territory)


Types of indicators

1. According to their complexity - Simple (Indicateurs simplex)- Complex (Indicateurs complex)

2. According to their relation to health – Indicators for negative health (traditional)– Indicators for positive health (non-traditional)– Indicators with neutral or bipolar relation to health (mixed type)

3. According to the event they assess – Demographic – Disease oriented– For physical development– Social health


Demographic indicators

A group of indicators related to the composition and structure of the environment, in which the characteristics of the studied subject are manifested (public health), and in which it „lives”


Disease oriented indicators

A group of indicators related to the processes, happening in the features of the studied subject (public health)


Indicators for physical development

A group of indicators related to the status of the studied subject


Social health indicators

A group of indicators, related to the factors (determinants) and their influence on the subject of study



Indicators for health

Demographic (environment)

Disease oriented(processes)

For physical development

(status)

Social health(factors)

Static

Dynamic

Disease

Prevalence

Incidence

Anthropometric

Physiometric

Somatoscopic

Social

Economical

Environmental

Date post:	24-May-2015
Category:	Health & Medicine
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Public Health Prez Eng

Health & Medicine