PRESENTED BY :ADIL

ISRAR & OMAR

B.G&S

PUBLIC POLICIES

MODULE III

“Policy is a means of encouraging discretion and

initiative but with in units.”

Definition of Policy Policy : A purposive course of action taken or

adopted by those power in persuit of certain

goals and objectives.

“Policy is a decision-making framework or

course of action to achieve a desired effect or

change.”

PUBLIC: it comprises domain of

human activity which is regarded as

requiring governmental interventions or

common action . A domain of life

which is not private or purely

individual but held in common.

Public policy is a “ whatever

governments choose to do or not to do”.

Public policy is a course of action

adopted and pursued by a government.

Public policy is the outcome of struggle

in government over who gets what.

Definition of Public Policies

They are standing plans formulated to guide and direct the future course of activity.They clarify and crystallize the real values and intention of top management.The facilitate delegation of authority among the various managerial levels.The facilitate Uniformity of action and coordination of effort.They minimize the destruction of decision-making process.They communicate to outsiders the general attitudes and approaches of the organizationThey provide guidance, a sense of direction and understanding to managers in their action.They minimize the possibility of brining managers personal prejudices in decision.

Importance of policy

a. Policies are guiding principles, that set a

direction

b. Top management determines the policies

c. Policies form the basis for determining the

procedures

d. Policies are relatively flexible Policies

e. Policies are standing plans.

f. Policies are formulated to deal with specific

problems.

g. Concerned with the organization as whole or

particular

h. Policy is a contingent decision.

POLICIES

FEATURES OF BUSINESS POLICYSPECIFIC: Policy should be specific/definite. If it is uncertain.Then the implementation will become difficult.

CLEAR: Policy must be unambiguous .It should avoid use of jargons and connotations .The should be no misunderstandings in following the policy.

RELIABLE/UNIFORM: Policy must be uniform enough so that it can be efficiently followed by a sub ordinates.

APPROPRIATE: Policy should be appropriate to the present organisational goaL.

SIMPLE: A policy should be simple and easily understood by all in the organization.

INCLUSIVE/COMPREHENSIVE: In order to wide scope, a policy must be comprehensive.

STABLE: Policy should be stable else it will lead to indecisiveness and uncertainity in minds of the who look into it for guidance.

FLEXIBLE : Policy should be flexible in operation/application.

1. Identification of the need for policy.

2. Defining the problems and issues that the

proposed policy is required to cover.

3. Collection of relevant information which may

serve as bases for formulation of policy and

formulation of preliminary views of

management.

Levels of public policy

5.Formulating of alternative policy proposals.

6. Evaluating of alternative policy proposals through

discussion of the proposals at all relevant.

7. Making choice from among alternatives polices

through a process of progressive elimination.

8. Testing the policy in action and removing “bugs” if

any.

9. Incorporation of policy in the policy manual.

1)Internal factors

•Organizational goals and strategies

•Organizational resources

•Organizational structures

2)External factors

• Social-political factors

• Product market factors

• Resource market factors

Factors influencing formulating policy

Policy is not randomMade by public authoritiesPatterns of actions over timeProduct of demandEither purposive action/inactionGovernment-directed course of action in response to pressureDistinct purposes

Common Characteristics of Public

policies

Public policy is all about:

The intentions of the legislative authority towards society.

The direction in which the legislator wants to steer society.

The utilization of national resources.

PUBLIC POLICY

Identify the underlying values and aspirations.

Understand the problem in its context.

Identify the alternative courses of actions.

Decide which dimensions of the problem are most important.

Predict the likely outcomes of different courses of action

Measure the chosen courses of action against important values andaspirations.

6-STEP POLICY ANALYSIS PROCESS

Agenda Setting/Identification of Issues or Problems

Policy Formulation

Policy Adoption/LegitimizationPolicy Implementation

Policy Assessment/Evaluation

Levels of Policy Process