PUBLIC PROTECTION AND ETHICAL GEOSPATIAL DATA DISSEMINATION AN INITIATIVE OF GEOIDE (PROJECT IV-23)...

PUBLIC PROTECTION AND ETHICAL GEOSPATIAL DATA DISSEMINATIONAN INITIATIVE OF GEOIDE (PROJECT IV-23)

The Quebec cadastre and its The Quebec cadastre and its dead angles.dead angles.

© Nathalie Massé, q.l.s.Prof. Marc Gervais, Ph.D, q.l.s.

Brussels, May 7th , 2010

PRESENTATION SEQUENCE

• Context• Quality issues (internal or external)• Research problem• Research general and specific questions • Research operational framework • Results and expected effects• Conclusion

Brussels, May 7th, 2010

LAND REGISTER OF QUEBEC(Who, how, where and how much ?)

CADASTRESpatial Focus

Where and How much ?Right-Object relationship

LAND RECORDLegal Focus

Who and how ?Right-Subject relationship

CONTEXT(general)

3

Inspired from : Henssen (1995)


The Quebec cadastre role : in the of land administration

Inspired from : Dale & McLaughlin (1999)

4

CONTEXT(Case of Quebec)

Cadastral Cadastral information information

systemsystem

Tenure(land ownership)

Land use(land development)

Land valuation (property taxation)


THE REFORM OF THE QUEBEC CADASTRE HISTORIC & SCOPE OF THE WORK

1866 - 1896 • 1450 plans

• ±700,000 lots

1985

• 350,000 parcel plans• 3,500,000 properties

• 750 000 lot descriptions that contain inaccuracies • 850,000 immovables have no specific number

1985-1992 • First program of reform

• Moratorium

1994• Resumption of the program

• Work will span 14 years (end in 2006)• Costs : $508 million (self-financing )

2006•Report of the Auditor General of Quebec

•MRNF estimates that the work will be completed in 2021•Costs will reach $980 million

CONTEXT

THE REFORM OF THE QUEBEC CADASTRE

3 GOALS

1. BUILD UP A COMPLETE AND ACCURATE PICTURE OF LAND SUBDIVISIONS IN QUEBEC

2. ENSURE THAT THE CADASTRE IS UPDATED CONSTANTLY

3. TRANSFORM THE CADASTRE INTO A VERSATILE TOOL

THE INFRASTRUCTURE’S STATE CHOICE

SINGLE GEOREFERENCE GLOBAL MAP SUPPORTED BY COORDINATES

SINGLE GLOBAL MAP MADE IN TWO STAGES

STAGE 1 : CADASTRAL REFORM STAGE 2 : UPDATE

CONTEXT

Public register composed of several documents, including a plan

On this plan each property is graphically shownand identified by a single lot number

this plan is part of land register of Quebec and it serves to show the basis upon which real estate rights are exercised and provides a

basis for publishing these rights

Basic infrastructure of land register of Quebec Access Key : the lot number

7

Inspired from : Guide de l’utilisateur, MRNF, (2002)

CONTEXT(Quebec cadastre)


The reform of the Quebec cadastre is going to deliver great services to Quebec’s society :

It improves the State’s capacities of management on the private territory;

–It contributes relatively effectively as support in the publication of the land

rights.

However, its overall quality raisesquestions ...

8

CONTEXT(Quebec cadastre)


• 22 % of mandates completed involved the risk of a large number of requests for correction;

• Since the beginning of the reform :• 6 800 requests for correction;

• + 3 600 requests results in changes ;

• ± 16 000 affected lots ;

[Auditor General of Quebec, 2006, Report to the National Assembly for 2005-2006, Volume I, Chap. 4.]

9

CONTEXT(findings of the Auditor General of Quebec)


– Quality of the renewal work → varied significantly;

– Mandates executed without immediate supervision and without enough knowledge of facts;

– Worrying situation;

– Complex operation resulting from a professional opinion based on the analysis of interpretable information with access, reliability and consistency vary with the type of territory.

[Auditor General of Quebec, 2006, Report to the National Assembly for 2005-2006, Volume I, Chap. 4.]

10

CONTEXT(findings of the Auditor General of Quebec)


1. What are these quality problems ?

2. Does the cadastral product answer the specifications ? (internal quality)

3. Does the cadastral product meet the needs of users ? (external quality)

4. Does the reform ot the Quebec cadastre reach its initial goals ?

11

CONTEXT(Questions arising from these findings)


QUALITY ISSUES (internal or external)

• Heterogeneity of the technical standards of realization

• Inaccurate representation of property rights(eg. : prescription, roads, watercourses)

•Coordinates without legal value

•Lack of complete geometry

•Graphic tolerance (0,21 m to 0,42 m)

12Brussels, May 7th, 2010

Heterogeneity of the technical standards of realization

STEP 1 : CADASTRAL REFORM STEP 2 : UPDATE

•6 versions of major instruction•14 versions in total

2 versions of instruction

2 different methods

1.Global analysis of integration2.Analysis by positioning points

1 CADASTRAL

MAP

QUALITY ISSUES (internal or external)

Inaccurate representation of property rights : case of roadsInfolot website, http://infolot.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/consulte.asp,

consulted on 2009-08-18

QUALITY ISSUES (internal)

Inaccurate representation of property rights : case of watercoursesInfolot website, http://infolot.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/consulte.asp,




High water line at the concession

High water line at the concession

Inaccurate representation of property rights Case of watercourses

Grant by State (1993)

Grant by State (1993)

Lease over part of Lot

212 m² (1991)

Lease over part of Lot

212 m² (1991)

Filling foundFilling found

Inaccurate representation of property rights : case of watercoursesInfolot website, http://infolot.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/consulte.asp,


→1 lot→2 types of ownership :

Owner and leaseholder

→1 lot→2 types of ownership :

Owner and leaseholder

→1 lot : →1 owner

→1 squatter on state domain without right e

→1 lot : →1 owner

→1 squatter on state domain without right e


18

?

Relative position

Absolute position

QUALITY ISSUES (external)LACK OF COMPLETE GEOMETRY


GRAPHIC TOLERANCE 1 segment = 2 measures ≠ 0,15 meter ?

Infolot website, http://infolot.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/consulte.asp, consulted on 2009-08-18

Problèmes de qualité (externe)QUALITY ISSUES (external)

Constatsiv. Visualisation des jeux de données géospatiales : données

cadastrales

GRAPHIC TOLERANCE16,27 m – 15,89 m

≠38 cm !?!

QUALITY ISSUES (external)

QUALITY ISSUES (external : the coordinates)

« Coordinates that can be deduced from the plan of cadastral renovation gives a rough idea of what could be the position of the boundaries of the property. At no time, they can be used to delineate the property without any prior study to delineate the area, including the survey of landmarks and occupations, has been made. In case of discrepancy between the coordinates of the cadastre and those deduced following a survey of the premises, the latter have priority. »

[Extract from the resolution of office OAGQ n°B-97-6635]


Uncertainty in the data

Heterogeneous quality

Potential risks during their use and/or the decision-making.

QUALITY ISSUES Consequences

22

Cadastral information

system

Tenure(land ownership)

Land use(land development)

Land valuation (property taxation)


RESEARCH PROBLEM

The cadastral map of Quebec being characterized by an invisible heterogeneous quality at first glance, presents a homogeneous appearance which gives a false impression of accuracy and reliability of the cadastral representation of the property right.


Does the use of datas from the Quebec cadastre include risks that may affect

the protection of land rights?

Does the use of datas from the Quebec cadastre include risks that may affect

the protection of land rights?

24

RESEARCH GENERAL QUESTION


RESEARCH SPECIFIC QUESTION

Does the application of a risk management approach would reduce the uncertainty in datas from the cadastre of Quebec, during their use by the notaries and land surveyors?

Does the application of a risk management approach would reduce the uncertainty in datas from the cadastre of Quebec, during their use by the notaries and land surveyors?


RESEARCH PROJECTOBJECT OF STUDY SCIENTIFICS DOMAINS

SECURITY OF PROPERTY RIGHTS

•CADASTRAL SYSTEMS•INFORMATION SCIENCES

•DATA QUALITY•MANAGEMENT OF UNCERTAINTY

•RISK MANAGEMENT

26

RESEARCH OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK


→A series of forms, (1/identified risk)

→Statement of a series of advices

→Evolution of professional practices linked to land right

→Improving tenure security and public protection

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RESULTS AND EXPECTED EFFECTS


CONCLUSION

The Quebec cadastre has some traps or “dead angles” that users must know and consider.


Question period …

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PUBLIC PROTECTION AND ETHICAL GEOSPATIAL DATA DISSEMINATION AN INITIATIVE OF GEOIDE (PROJECT IV-23)...

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