Public relations

PUBLIC RELATIONS

Public Relations

• Publicity in newspaper, a television interview with organization spokesperson, appearance of celebrity on the event.

• But PR define as “public relations is the management function which evaluates public attitudes, identifies the policies and procedures of an individual or an organization with public interest and, plans and executes a program of actions to earn public understanding and patience”

• Rex Harlow- Founded PRSA

Public Relations

• Public relations is influencing the behavior to achieve objectives through effective management of relationships and communications- British Inst. Of PR

Key words Deliberate Planned Performance Public interest Two way communication Management function

Public Relations

Six broad elements • Organization• Corporate mission, service or products• Publics- internal and external• Management • Two way communication process• Public acceptance, mutual understanding

Public Relations

• Is PR all about winning and dining?

• Why do people seem to respond to PR?

• Can PR be self taught?

• What can PR do?

• Propaganda v/s PR

• Public interest

Public Relations

Publicity

A systematic distribution of public information about an institution, individual, a product, an idea or a service

Public Relations

• PR and Publicity• Advertising- the process of buying sponsor

identified media space or time in order to promote a product or an idea

• Components of advertisingPaid formNon personal Identifiable with sponsoring authority

Public Relations

Differences between public relations and advertising Strategy Target audience Purpose Message Media choice presentation cost

Public Relations

• Commercial v/s social

• Public affairs( government policies)

• Lobbying – a group or an individual who try to influence politicians on a particular issue

• Marketing and PR

Communication

• Communication is the process of passing information and understanding form one person to another. It is the process of imparting ideas and making oneself understood by others.

Communication

• Public communication

• Kinds of communicationIntrapersonal communicationInterpersonal communicationMass communicationGroup communication

Communication

• Shanon and weaver model of communication• Lasswells model of communication

Who

Says what

In which channel

To whom

With what effect

Communication

• Hypodermic needle model of communication- power of media over audience

• Stepwise flow of communicationOne step flow of communication

Two step flow of communication- opinion leaders

Multi step flow of communication

Communication

7 C’s of communication

Credibility

Context

Content

Clarity

Continuity and consistency

Channels

courtesy

Evolution Of PR

• Mythological PR

• Three evolution models of Indian PrState of propaganda- from 1500 BC to east India

company 1858The era of publicity and public information

model- British India rule 1858- 1947The age of PR – Independent India to till date

Evolution Of PR• Two way asymmetric model• Two way symmetrical model• I & B Ministry• People’ s participation Launching of 5 year plan General elections and emergence of democratic institution PRSI Growth of public sector Mixed economy Nationalization of scheduled banks LPG

Evolution Of PR

• Father of modern PR- Edward L bernays

• Four US PR models

Press agentry/publicity model

Public information model

Two way asymmetric model

Two way symmetric model

Principles of PR

• Basic PrinciplesAudience analysisRelationship managementPublic interestTruthGood cause and good deeds

Principles of PR

• Basic PrinciplesTwo way communicationMulti functional disciplineSocial responsibilitySustained processChange agent

Principles of PR

• Identification of publics Who are the public that can influence and promote

organizational goal? What is the demographic profile of the public? What is psychographic profile of the public? What is the public opinion about the organization? Who are the opinion leaders and decision makers that can help

the organization? How do we reach the public with the public relations message?

Principles of PR

• Stakeholders

• One message- different public

• Segmentation of public

• Major public

Internal

External

Principles of PR

• Categories of public Employees Financial publics Suppliers Distributors Customers

Government Opinion leaders Media public General community Special public International public

Principles of PR

Opinion leaders Community leaders, caste elders Priests, clergy, mullahs Politicians, social activists, MP’s, MLA’s Civil servants, teachers, academicians Journalists, doctors, lawyers, public relations

manager, marketing executives, post masters Trade union leaders

Principles of PR

The court of public opinion

Public opinion alone can keep a society pure and healthy- Mahatma Gandhi

Four components The nature of public The methods of relations Public interest Public opinion

Principles of PR

Types of opinion leadersFormal opinion leaders- IASInformal opinion leaders- ADMIRED

Public opinion polls

Voice of public is voice of god

Strategic Public Relations

Management dimensions Human resource management Financial management Production management Marketing management Business management Office management Industrial relations management Media relations management Public relations management


Relationship managementEmployees relationsInvestors relationsCustomers relationsMedia relationsRelations in crisis management


• Strategy- a plan designed to achieve a particular long term aim

• Tactics – it is a skillful device or method used to implement a strategy


• PR as a top management function

• Analytical tool

• PR practice

• Public transport

• Lowest hierarchy

• State of art


Two pronged strategy• Making PR indispensable to the CEO of a company on one

hand• Elevating the position of the chief of public relations to the

senior management level to provide professional advice to the CEO


• Technology

• Know your CEO


• Boundary- means border or limits of an area or an organization

• Spanning- is measuring the distance or the environment of an organization

• Public relations- is a bridge of communication between organization and its publics

• System – is an inter connecting network within an organization.


• Environmental scanning- “the varied information gathering, analysis, dissemination activities that organization pursue in order to keep up to date with changes in the organizational environment”

• Information gathering, processing, feeding.


Areas where other departments consult PR manager To obtain advice from an expert about a

communication problem For help in communicating externally. To facilitate or mediate internal communication

between units and employees To bring news and views from outside through

feedback mechanism To undertake marketing communication

PR Departments & Agencies

Four functions of PR are(4 A’s)AnalystAdvisorAdvocateAntenna


• Private • Government• State and central government• National campaigns such as pulse polio,

national savings, family planning etc are carried out by central government.

• Regional level – state level


• The ministry of information and broadcasting

• Press information bureau

• PR in railways, defence etc

PR Departments & AgenciesCommissioner

Director

Additional director(press)

Asst. Director state information centres(7)

District PROs23Asst. project

officers(tribal welfare

publicity) 8Divisional PROs

69

Joint director

advt

Regional deputy

directors6 zones

Joint director admin

Chief information engineer9 electronic

media

Accounts officer


Private sector

4 sections Corporate image, advertisements and crisis

management Media relations- press release, conferences, liaisons

with media Publications- house magazines Community relations

PR Departments & AgenciesA. Corporate office

Chairman and managing director

General manager PR

B. Local head office

Chief general manager

Asst general manager PR

C. Zonal office

Deputy general manager

Deputy manager PR

PR Set up in state bank of India


• In house PR department

Merits Better communication Permanent jobs Material requirement easily available for journals,

annual reports, corporate profiles, documentary etc. 24*7 service Economical


• In house PR department

Demerits Uncritical and biased because of influence of

managementExperience of other fieldsNo continuityNon professionals


• PR consultancy

• Outsourcing

• PR as to Top Management


HRD and MarketingAdvice on solving communication problemCommunication with internal and externalBring news, feedback and viewsUndertake marketing communication


• PR budget• PR department plan Executive summary Review of progress against previous year’s plans Budget performance Budget proposals Implementation of plans Media wise program Department structure Policy


• PR team

• Recruitment

• PR manual


PR agency

Advantages Independent services Long varied experience Unsatisfactory service

Disadvantages

Corporate Communication

• Corporation- a large company or group of companies authorised to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law

• Corporate public

• Corporate face


Corporate communications v/s corporate PR

Corporate communication three broad components Communication by a corporation to influence stakeholders and

publics Marketing communication which is directed at achieving sales Organizational communication engaging those publics where there

is interdependence by implication with major groups such as investors, employees and suppliers.


Dimensions of corporate PR Employees relations Shareholder’s relations Customer relations Dealers and suppliers relations Community relations Media relations Relations in crisis management


Proactive and reactive PR

Six areas of proactive PR Feedback, honest, does it matter, problem Confidence about feedback, internal and external Image is satisfactory, if not..why..plans we have?..our reputations Customer’s communication expectations, current levels of quality

are appropriate? Fairly claim to be creative in what we are doing?..best in using are

resources, knowledge and skills, are using fresh ways.. Are we identifying customers grievances and problems unasked?


The company visit


• Corporate identity and corporate image

• Identity- the distinguishing characteristic or personality of an individual, logo etc.

• Symbol of corporate identity

• Image

• Corporate reputation


Values• Extra psychological value• Perceive as functional similar• Increase job satisfaction• Increase advertising and sales force effectiveness• Supports new product• Powerful signal to competitors• Helps in raising capital


• CSR

• Corporate citizen

Stakeholders Relations

• The people who affect or are affected by an organization’s programmes, policies, services or products are mainly the stakeholders.

• Linked with the interest of ESC• Employees• Shareholders• Customers


• New trends in recruitment

Principles of employees relations Share information Avoid distortion of information Media Timely Loyalty Feedback information


Area’s of employees PROrganizational informationJob informationCollective bargaining issuesGeneral education


Tactical objectives• Achievement of targets in production• Achievements of quality standards• Achievement of cost reduction goals• Achievement of productivity, improvement from new equipment and

procedures, change in facilities, machines and methods• Introduction of new practices, changes in work standards,

restructuring of jobs, changes in classification and pay rates• Resolution of employee dissatisfaction, strike, threats through sound

understanding of the issues.


Employees media and methods

• Print media

• Audio and oral media

• Visual media

• Audio video media

• IT new mass media


• Employees feedback

• Orientation program


Financial PRThree M’sMenMoney Material


Investing public• Actual shareholders of public owned

corporations• Financial opinion leaders• Financial journalists of both print and electronic

media


• The financial calendar• Financial PR programA plan for communicating with stock brokers and

financial institutionsA planned communication program for mediaEffective communication plan with its internal

public


Customers PRCustomer serviceCustomer satisfaction indexEducative slogans


Social communication The principle and techniques of communication

as applied to creating awareness on social evils, issues and getting them eradicated from the society may be called social communication

Stakeholders Relations• Social justice

• NGO’s

• Sponsorships Goodwill by association Media coverage and association Market penetration and sales campaigns Alternative advertising Hospitality platforms Employee benefits Strengthened identity Enhance the reputation and image of the company Give product brands high visibility among purchasing

publics Corporate identity


• Community relations

• Staff make a social impact

• Government relations

Crisis Management

• An unpredictable major threat that can have a negative effect on the organization, industry or stake holders

Three broad features Cannot be predicted, but can be expected A major threat has the potential to disrupt organizational

operations in some way Can threaten the organization, the industry or the

stakeholders

Crisis Management

Types of crisis Technological crisis Management failure crisis Malevolence crisis Natural calamities Man made disasters Government crisis Product related crisis Take over and merger crisis

Crisis Management

• Starting crisis• Cash crisis• Delegation crisis• Leadership crisis• Prosperity crisis• Finance crisis• Management succession crisis

Crisis Management

Stages of crisis

• Before the crisis

• During the crisis

• After the crisis

Crisis Management

Planning for a crisis- expected the unexpected Catalogue the area of crisis and evolve a policy to

manage the crisis Appoint a crisis committee which will act to both prevent

and manage crisis Put the plan in writing or bring out a crisis manual for the

organization Define the role of communication Test the plan, test and test again

Crisis Management

• Crisis team

• http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/

http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/

Crisis Management

Crisis PR strategyCrisis communication as informationCrisis communication as strategy

Crisis Management

Ten points of crisis PR Prepare crisis plan Prepare advance background information Manage inside and outside two way information flow Three R’s- Regret, resolution, reform Establish a crisis information centre Effective media relations management Official version Project relief and rehabilitation measures Crisis no longer local, always global Accuracy

Public relation in Government

Democratic form of government based upon Public opinion as supreme power People are both sovereign and subjects Bureaucratic are public servants Welfare of the people is the welfare of the state Government is accountable and answerable to the

people People’s feedback a prerequisite for the success of

democracy


State Obligatory or primary functionsOptional or secondary functions


• Government- citizen interaction• Information

Government PR• Free two way flow of ideas and information from both

ends• Accountable and answerable• Information RTI• Media


• Media relations

Four basic goalsPublic policy communication: gain public supportInformation serviceDeveloping and protecting positive institutional

imageGenerating public feedback


Management of public information

Indian information services

State information services

Public relation in Government• Media units of ministry of information and broadcasting

Ministry of information and broadcasting• AIR & DD• Development• Import and export of films• Development and promotion of film industry• Organization of film festivals and cultural exchanges• Advertising and visual publicity• Press relations• Administration of the press and registration of book Act 1867, in respect of

news paper• Dissemination of information about India within and outside• Research, reference and training


Ministry Registrar of newspaper for India RNI Press information bureau PIB Research, reference and training division Photo division Publication division Films division Directorate of advertising and visual publicity Directorate of field publicity Song and drama division Directorate of films division

Public Relations in Police

• Distrust • Five dimensions of police PR Role of police in democratic polity, public accountability and

answerability, relations should be human not administrative Projection of police services to the cause of the community Seeking people’s cooperation, trust, in discharging the

functions of community policing Relationship with media Measures to ascertain the perception of the public about police

services and its image


• Twin objective

• Police behavior

• Police image


PR practice in police department

• Employees relations- educating and motivating police force

• Community relations- educating neighborhood on police services

• Media relations- cooperation

• Relations in crisis-

• Feedback information- people’s reaction


Two watchdogs

• Press

• Police

Professional PR approach

Public Relations in Banks

Public perception• Customer friendly products and honest

services• A public relations communication strategy


Four stagesThe money lenders tableThe much elite owners bankingPublic sectors banksCompetitive banking in the liberalized

economy


Dimensions of PR in banks• Employees relations• Relation with customers• Media relations • Citizen’s charter


Types of customers• Provider

• Provider transactor

• Provider seeker

• Borrower

• Borrower transactor

• Borrower seeker

• Transactor seeker

• Transactor

• Seeker

Public Relations in Tourism

Why tourism?

Public Relations in TourismNeed for PR in tourism• To compile data and promote places of tourist interest among the prospective

tourists• Travel magazines for benefit of domestic and foreign tourist• To identify and encourage travel writers by providing tourist information for

writing articles in travel magazine and other media• To maintain media relations for coverage of tourist places, hotel industry in

both print and electronic media• To launch multi media public relations campaigns like the incredible India

Tourism development corporation in 2006-2007 to project India as a global tourist destination.

• To provide feedback information about the reaction of tourist to facilities, services etc.

PR in Public Sector

Features of public sector• Owned by government and accountable to

people through parliament or state legislatures• Few cases no competition• IRDA• LPG in 1991

PR in Public Sector

Challenges of public enterprisesCompetition with multinationalsGlobalization of marketsTechnological up gradationEfficiencyImprovement in communication

PR in Public Sector

Function Employees relations Shareholders relations Customer relations Community relations media relations Communication about environmental protection Promotion of reputation of public sector Corporate advertising Management of crisis communication Media monitoring and feedback information

PR in Municipal Government

Units of local government serve twin objectivesFunctions as the agents of state government

insofar as tackling the problems of local areasActs as individual units with statutory powers to

fulfill the needs of the local community


• Adequate public understanding how city government functions.

• Current public information about city operations.

• Channels through which the citizen can effect city government policy and actions.

• Channels through which the citizen can be reached by the city government, its officials, and other representatives.

• To maintain better media relations with press, radio and television.

• To make use of news media such as internet. E mail for quick transmission of messages.

• To help municipal officials understand the role of the media in city corporation and citizen relations.


• When the corporation is involved in crisis, public relations must tell the facts to the media at the earliest possible moment.

• To instil better civil consciousness among the citizens for proper utilization of civic amenities.

• To advice the municipal government on policy matters, gauge public relations and suggest the administration on the means of gaining public acceptance and cooperation.

• To conduct educative campaigns to seek public support for new taxation proposals and other schemes.

• To inform the civic administration about public reactions and attitudes on civic policies as reflected in media.

PR in Transport corporation

• Roadways

• Waterways

• Railways

• Airways

APSRTC

PR in Airlines

Functions in airline transportations

• To inform the public through all available media about the corporate objective and programmes of corporations including the passengers amenities taken up for the benefit of commuters.

• To high lights the problems such as damage, attack on crew, etc.

• Instil better traffic consciousness among commuters such as maintaining queues, avoiding foodboard travel, purchasing correct tickets, etc.

• To identify the adverse criticism on operation of busses , behaviour of crew as appeared in the advertisements or from written and oral complaints from opinion leaders.

PR in Airlines

• Issue clarification on criticism appeared in the press without any basis.

• Making house journals• Arrange for training in PR and code of etiquette for

the bus crew and other employees.• Launch employees communication program.• Evaluate the impact of the corporation’s policies on

the public and advise the corporation on policy matters.

PR for NGO’s

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted organization created by

natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government

The term originated from the United Nations (UN), and is normally used to refer to

organizations that do not form part of the government and are not conventional for-profit

business

In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO

maintains its non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from

membership in the organization.

The term is usually applied only to organizations that pursue some wider social aim that

has political aspects, but that are not overtly political organizations such as political

parties.

PR for NGO’s

NGO type can be understood by orientation and level of co-operation.

NGO type by orientation

• Charitable orientation

• Service orientation

• Participatory

• Empowering orientation

NGO type by level of co-operation

• Community- Based Organization

• City Wide Organization

• National NGOs

• International NGOs

PR for NGO’s

NGO sector in India

http://ngo.india.gov.in

www.ngosindia.com • Lack of or limited access to professional management

expertise• Financial inefficiencies and malpractices• Vested organised crime and political interests• Extremism and terrorism

http://ngo.india.gov.in/

http://www.ngosindia.com/

PR for NGO’s

Need of PR Dependent upon fund raising, tax exemptions

communication Need of people cooperation, communication plays a

major role Media message to donors and to the beneficiaries Stakeholders relations

PR for NGO’sAudience for NGO’s The employees of organization The members of the board of management The beneficiaries or the people served by the organization The leaders, workers whose attitudes or behavior would influence the

functioning The individuals donors, corporations, charities, government who give

donations Similar NGO’s involved in voluntary work Opinion leaders Educational institute and the student community who can assist in their

voluntary work The media and their representatives

PR for NGO’s

PR Goals• Promote public awareness of the organization’s vision,

mission, goals and programmes• Design and implement public relations programme for

fund raising campaign• Induce individuals and institution to make use of services• Produce publicity material on the services for distribution

to the internal and external public

PR for NGO’s

• Media strategy

• Political PR

• General elections

• Political advertising

• Free media coverage

• India shining

PR for NGO’s

• Celebrity

• PR consultancy

Global PR and its Future

• Global PR• Global communication• Why is international PR?• International public relations associations IPRA• International association of communicators IABC• Global forum for public relations GFPR


• Trade wars

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Global competition :Challenges for corporations• Reduction of cost of production and distribution• High productivity with greater efficiency• Quality of products and services of international standards• Customer care and satisfaction• Employees commitment to economic reforms• Global perspective- faster and better adaption of new

technology• Effective HR, Financial, Marketing comm etc.• Effective PR/corporate communictaion management


Three pronged strategy

1. It is the corporate plan and performance of the organization that manages these challenges

2. It is the mindset of the workforce of a corporation, stakeholders and the corporate culture of the organization that manages these challenges

3. It is the PR communication as a strategic management function and also as catalyst of change that manage the challenge


• Integrated PR communications

Five growth enginesPR educationPR as a top management functionMulti media approachIntegrated PR communicationevaluation


• Future of PR

• Trends

• Social forces

• Global challenges

• Global v/s local



Six growth engines shaping the future PR education and training Emergence of e public relations Two symmetric PR model Integrated PR communication PR society of India ITM theory of gandhian public communication


ITM theory of gandhian public communication I- Intra and interpersonal communication based on

spirituality and sadharinikaran (meditation, prayer meetings, public meetings, word of mouth)

T- Traditional folk art media M- Mass media M- modern information technology new media

Professional Organization

Characteristics of profession Mastery of particular intellectual skill through professional

education and training Professional literature, particularly text books and case studies Measurement and research methods in the field to assess the

results Professional association to promote the recognition of public

relation as a distinctive discipline Code of ethics and high standards

Professional Organization

• National PR associations –PRSI

• National PR day- 21st april

• Code of athens- Dr. albert oecki

• http://www.prsi.co.in/

http://www.prsi.co.in/

PR and the media

• Medium – “means by which something is expresses, communicated or achieved”

PR and the media

Classification of media• The presentation media• The representational media • The mechanical media

PR and the media

sensory mediaVisual mediaAudio media

Intrapersonal media

Interpersonal media

Mass media

PR and the media

Functions of media

• Information source

• Interpretation forum

• Education and persuasion forum

• Entertaining source

• Economic, political and social source

PR and the media

Media and PR• Newspaper• Circulation • Radio• Television• Internet• Cinema

Interpersonal Media

• Interpersonal media- communication that takes place within the individual mind.

• Self view

• Group communication

• Mass communication

Interpersonal Media

• Non verbal communication- that takes place through facial expression, eye contact, head positions, arm and hand movements, body posture and positioning of legs and feet.

Interpersonal Media

Organizational communicationDownward communicationUpward communicationHorizontal or side way communication

Interpersonal Media

Poor listening• External distraction• Prejudice against speaker• Time lag between thinking speed and speaking

speed• Interrupting speakers• Listening blocks• Poor speaking and delivery styles

Newspaper In PR

Newspaper In PR

• Journalism • Guardian angel of democracy• Thomas Jefferson, third American president,

“were it to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspaper or newspaper without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the later”

Newspaper In PR

Contents• News and current affairs• Editorial page (opinion page)• Letter to editor• Business columns- trade, market shares• Entertainment- music, dance, cartoons, comics, games• Sports • Education etc

Newspaper In PR

Two tasks• To maintain appropriate media relations with

press representatives • To provide corporate information to the

media for coverage

Newspaper In PR

• Complaint of journalist

• Editors comment

Newspaper In PR

• How to write a good press release• A press release in one of the communication tactics of

sending news of public interest to journalists for use in the media. It aims at conveying essence of a story in journalistic style for coverage in the medium being approached

Newspaper In PR

Good press release Source Date of release or dateline Headline The first paragraph or the lead Additional paragraphs Statistics Conclusion or the final paragraph

Newspaper In PR

• The lead-Five ‘Ws’ and One ‘H’

• Who, what, where, when, why and how

• Body of story Facts been presented properly and accurately so that reader can

actually picture the occurrence If the story includes disputed points, have both the sides fairly

presented Does it answer 5W and 1 H Does it indicated the source of information Is it covering all aspects to be comprehensive

Newspaper In PR

Tips for successful press conference Purpose Venue The date, day and time Invitation Background Spokesperson or speaker Signage Question and answer sessions Hospitality Followup

Newspaper In PR

Press tour • Function oriented – cover a project or inauguration• Familiarization or project study tour • Individual journalist tour

Newspaper In PR

• Embargo • Press kit• Advertorial • Letter to editor• Measurement of media coverage

Visual media

• “One picture is worth of thousand words”• Photography • Public relations photography• Convey message through visual tactics

Visual mediaWhy should PR use photographs?

• Action shots of technical operations of machines

• Product and services photo in newspapers and catalogues

• Illustrate reports, booklets, house journals, folders, posters

• Illustrate news stories and features or events of organization

• Illustrate press advertising and posters

• Illustrate manuals, handbooks, annual reports

• Illustrate record albums, photo features in house journals

• Illustrate newscast in television

• Illustrate exhibition and other outdoor publicity material

• Human interest stories in photographs

• To impart training with the help of pictures

• Photographs in press kits

Visual media

• Exhibition

• Is exhibition is PR or marketing medium?

• Categories of exhibition Face to face Multi media Inform, educate, entertains and motivate Socio economic development Eliminate middle men New products introduction Comparing technologies Feedback

Visual media

Three components of organizing exhibition Theme, design, construction, display of stands, product,

photos, lighting, decoration, human interest live models Management and running the exhibition- buildup to break

down, well informed guides, visitor book, feedback from visitor Publicity and public relations support before, during and after

the exhibition

Electronic media- Radio & TV

• Radio

Electronic media- Radio & TV• Other Facts about Radio Station in india:• FM Radio stations in india has a reach to 86 cities at present.• At present there are 240 FM Radio station.• FM radio reaches 40 million listeners in the four metros.• FDI and FII limits in a private FM radio broadcasting company have been

increased from 20 per cent to 26 per cent• Private operators have been allowed to own more than one channel but not

more than 40 per cent of the total channels in a city subject to a minimum of three different operators in the city.

• The increase in FDI puts radio at par with print and news channels, for which the FDI is also 26 per cent.

• At present, the Indian radio industry - which has 36 operators - tots up a turnover of Rs 1,200 crore a year.


AIR- three major componentsEntertainment InformationEducation


PR opportunities News bulletins Field taped interviews Studio interviews/ discussions Phone in programs Sponsored serials specialized audience programs Youth programs Educational Development Public service announcements


• FM services• Impact• Audience reach• Community radio stations

Electronic media- Radio & TVWriting for radio Conversational styleSpoken languageEasy to listen formulaTesting copyFigures

Honorifics AbbreviationsDateline languagePronounsTenseMispronunciation Typing


• Television • Evolution

CharacteristicsHigh impactAudience selectivityFast awarenesssponsorship


• PR medium

Five ways to use TVNewsEvents coverageDocumentary filmsProducts and servicesCommercial service


Writing for television• Four linguistic groups• Limitations • Impact• Tub lantern• Need based programs

Audio-Visual Media: Films• Significance of films

• Darkened auditorium

• Blending of film with TV

• PR and films

Audio-Visual Media: Films

Characteristics Audio visual medium which appeals to both the senses of seeing and hearing Cinema serves journalistic trinity purpose- to inform, to educate and to

entertain As the films combines, colour, sound and motion, it lends realism and

authenticity to the messages

Advantages Ideas or messages received through the films are retained longer than

those received by other idea The films has no literacy barrier. Both literates and illiterates can

understand the language of the films

Contact us

Parveen Kumar Chadha… THINK TANK(Founder and C.E.O of Saxbee Consultants)

Email :[email protected]

Mobile No. +91-9818308353

Address:-First Floor G-20(A), Kirti Nagar, New Delhi India Postal Code-110015

Should you have Good qualification, experience, expertise, contacts join the community of saxbee consultants

http://www.parveenchadha.com/

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