Public Sector Undertakings in Indi + SAIL

7/23/2019 Public Sector Undertakings in Indi + SAIL

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Public Sector

Undertakings in

India


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PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINS

In India, Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) is a term used for government owned

companies/corporations in which either the State Government or the Union Government orboth own a maorit! ("#$ or more) of the e%uit! shares&

'he omptroller and uditor General of India (G) audits government companies& In

respect of government companies, G has the power to appoint the uditor and to direct

the manner in which the uditor shall audit the compan!*s accounts&

'here are currentl! + entral PSUs in India& 'he first public sector undertaking was the

-ailwa!s& .ollowing independence, the sovereign government took up the setting of a strong

national economic infrastructure& 'he iron and steel industries, power generation, mining

and oil refining activities were developed at this stage&

E!olution o" Public Sector Undertakings

PostIndependence, India was grappling with grave socioeconomic problems, such as

ine%ualities in income and low levels of emplo!ment, regional imbalances in economic

development and lack of trained manpower, weak industrial base, inade%uate investments

and infrastructure facilities, etc&

0ence, the roadmap for Public Sector was developed as an instrument for selfreliant

economic growth& 'he countr! adopted the planned economic development polices, which

envisaged the development of PSUs&

Initiall!, the public sector was confined to core and strategic industries& 'he second phase

witnessed nationali1ation of industries, takeover of sick units from the private sector, and

entr! of the public sector into new fields like manufacturing consumer goods, consultanc!,

contracting and transportation etc&

'he Industrial Polic! -esolution #234 outlined the importance of the econom! and its

continuous growth in production and e%uitable distribution& In this process, the polic!

envisaged active engagement of the State in development of industries&


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'he Industrial Polic! -esolution #2"5 classified industries into three categories with respect

to the role pla!ed b! the State

'he first categor! (Schedule ) included industries whose future development would

be the e6clusive responsibilit! of the State

'he second (Schedule 7) categor! included 8nterprises whose initiatives of

development would principall! be driven b! the State but private participation would

also be allowed to supplement the efforts of the State

nd, the third categor! included the remaining industries, which were left to the

private sector&

In #252, the government nationali1ed #3 maor banks&

'he Industrial 9icensing Polic! #2: placed certain restrictions on undertakings belonging to

large industrial houses, defined on the basis of assets e6ceeding -s ;": mn&

In #2;, the definition of large industrial houses was adopted in conformit! with that ofthe

rms ? mmunition and the allied items of defence e%uipments, defence aircrafts

and warships&
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tomic 8nerg! (e6cept in the areas related to the operation of nuclear power and

applications of radiation and radioisotopes to agriculture, medicine and nonstrategic

industries)&

-ailwa!s transport&

ll other PS8s are considered as nonstrategic&

#A$ARATNA%NA&RATNA%#INIRATNA STATUS 'OR PUBLIC

SECTOR UNDERTAKINS

'he status of


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3& Indian Bil orporation 9imited

"& @'P 9imited

5& Bil ? @atural Gas orporation 9imited

& Steel uthorit! of India 9imited

Na!ratna

@avratna compan! should have Schedule ** and


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4& @e!veli 9ignite orporation 9imited

2& Bil India 9imited

#:& Power .inance orporation 9imited

##& Power Grid orporation of India 9imited

#+& -ashtri!a Ispat @igam 9imited

#;& -ural 8lectrification orporation 9imited

#3& Shipping orporation of India 9imited

#iniratna Categor)

#iniratna Categor)*I CPSEs

ategor!


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"& 78


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+3& Indian -ailwa! atering ? 'ourism orporation 9imited

+"& I-B@ International 9imited

+5& EIB9 9imited

+&


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3;& Proects ? Aevelopment India 9imited

33& -ailtel orporation of India 9imited

3"& -ashtri!a hemicals ? .ertili1ers 9imited

35& -I'8S 9imited

3& S=C@ 9imited

34& Securit! Printing and


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5#& .I ravali G!psum ?


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Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) have laid a strong foundation for the industrial

development of the countr!& 'he public sector is less concerned with making profits& 0ence,

the! pla! a ke! role in nation building activities, which take the econom! in the right

direction&

PSUs provide leverage to the Government (their controlling shareholder) to intervene in the

econom! directl! or indirectl! to achieve the desired socioeconomic obectives and

ma6imi1e longterm goals&

s agriculture is the backbone of Indian econom!, Public Sector 7anks (PS7s) pla! a crucial

role in pushing the agricultural econom! on to the progressive pathwa! and helping develop

rural India&


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30Socialist Track1 In the initial !ears after independence, Indian planners and thinkers were

more inclined towards socialist pattern& It was ustified on the rational ground that if the

government controls the productive resources and production, then it wonFt mislead the

countr!Fs economic growth& 'his was the basic rationale to set up PSUs& 'hese PSUs

produce goods not according to the price signals but according to the social needs and

economic welfare growth of the countr!&

-0Redce !ne"alit# of !ncome and Generate Em$lo#ment %$$ortnities1 It was assumed

that in order to reduce ine%ualities of income, eradicate povert! and to raise the standard of

living, government sector should invest in the econom! via PSUs&

CONTRIBUTION O' PSUs IN INDIAN DP

'he share of gross value additionF in entral Public Sector 8nterprises (net value addition H

depreciation) as percent of Gross Aomestic Product (at current market price) stood at "&5 percent in

+:###+ against "&33 percent in +:#:##& If, however, the underrecoveries of oil marketing

companies (amounting to -s& "":3# crore in +:###+ and ;#2: crore in +:#:##) are included, then

the share of gross value addition of all entral Public Sector 8nterprises (PS8s) in GAP goes up to

5&+2 percent in +:###+ and 5&4 percent in +:#:##&

s per the Public 8nterprises Surve! +:###+, tabled in Parliament recentl!, PS8s contribute to the

entral 86che%uer b! wa! of dividend pa!ment, interest on government loans and pa!ment of ta6es

? duties& 'here was, however, a significant increase in the total contribution of PS8s to the entral

86che%uer during the !ear, which increased from -s& #,"5,"# crore in +:#:## to -s& #,5:,4:# crore

in +:###+& 'his was, primaril! due to increase in contribution towards corporate ta6F and e6cise

dut!F which increased from -s& 3:,;+3 crore to -s& 33,;"4 and -s& ","" crore to -s& 5#,#5" crore

respectivel! in +:#:## and +:###+& 'here was, however, a decline in custom dut!F, other duties

? ta6esF and dividend ta6F during the !ear as compared to the previous !ear& 'here was also a

marginal decline in pa!ment of central sales ta6 b! the PS8s&

'he share of public sector in total emplo!ment in organised sector publicH privateJ reveals

that in transport and communications, electricit!, gas, water, and constructions, the share of

public sector is in 2"24$, a total dominant situation&


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STEEL AUT$ORIT+ O' INDIA LI#ITED *A #A$ARATNA

Steel uthorit! of India 9imited the largest steel producer in India, owns and operates eight

plants five integrated steel units and three allo!/special steel ?

stainless steel plants& It also owns and operates the second largest

iron ore mines network in the countr!, for its captive use& 0aving

a turnover of around -s ":,::: crore, SI9 has been accorded the

status of


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'he production of iron b! humans began probabl! sometime after +::: 78 in southwest

or southcentral sia, perhaps in the aucasus region& 'hus began the Iron ge, when iron

replaced bron1e in implements and weapons& 'his shift occurred because iron, when

allo!ed with a bit of carbon, is harder, more durable, and holds a sharper edge than bron1e&

.or over three thousand !ears, until replaced b! steel after 8 #4:, iron formed the

material basis of human civili1ation in 8urope, sia, and frica&

Iron is the fourth most abundant element and makes up more than five percent of the

earthFs crust& Iron e6ists naturall! in iron ore (sometimes called ironstone)& Since iron has a

strong affinit! for o6!gen, iron ore is an o6ide of ironJ it also contains var!ing %uantities of

other elements such as silicon, sulfur, manganese, and phosphorus& S5eltingis the process

b! which iron is e6tracted from iron ore& Dhen iron ore is heated in a charcoal fire, the iron

ore begins to release some of its o6!gen, which combines with carbon mono6ide to form

carbon dio6ide& In this wa!, a spong!, porous mass of relativel! pure iron is formed,

intermi6ed with bits of charcoal and e6traneous matter liberated from the ore, known as slag&

('he separation of slag from the iron is facilitated b! the addition of "lu6, that is, crushed

seashells or limestone&) 'he formation of this bloo5of iron was as far as the

primitive blacks5it(got> he would remove this past! mass from the furnace and hammer it

on an anvil to drive out the cinders and slag and to compact the metallic particles& 'his

was 7roug(t iron(KwroughtL means Kworked,L that is, hammered) and contained generall!

from &:+ to &:4 percent of carbon (absorbed from the charcoal), ust enough to make the

metal both tough and malleable& Drought iron was the most commonl! produced metal

through most of the Iron ge&

t ver! high temperatures (rare e6cept in a blast furnace see below), a radical

change takes place> the iron begins to absorb carbon rapidl!, and the iron starts to melt, since

the higher carbon content lowers the melting point of the iron& 'he result is cast iron, which

contains from ; to 3&" percent carbon& 'his high proportion of carbon makes cast iron hard

and brittleJ it is liable to crack or shatter under a heav! blow, and it cannot be forged (that is,

heated and shaped b! hammer blows) at an! temperature& 7! the late


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combustion was intensified b! a blast of air pumped through alternating la!ers of charcoal,

flu6, and iron ore& ( K'he puddling furnace remained the bottleneck of the industr!& Bnl!

men of remarkable strength and endurance could stand up to the heat for hours, turn and stir

the thick porridge of li%uescent metal, and draw off the blobs of past! wrought iron& 'he

puddlers were the aristocrac! of the proletariat, proud, clannish, set apart b! sweat and

blood& .ew of them lived past fort!& @umerous efforts were made to mechani1e the

puddling furnace in vain&


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and touch could separate out the solidif!ing decarburi1ed metal& 'he si1e of the furnace and

productivit! gains were limited accordingl!L (The Cambridge Economic History of Europe,

Col& CI, Part I, #255, p& 33)&

nother important discover! in the #::s (b! the 8nglishman braham Aarb!) was

that coke (a contraction of KcoalcakeL),or coal baked to remove impurities such as sulfur,

could be substituted for charcoal in smelting& 'his was an important advance since charcoal

production had led to severe deforestation across western 8urope and Great 7ritain&

Steelhas a carbon content ranging from :&+ to #&" percent, enough carbon to make it

harder than wrought iron, but not so much as to make it as brittle as cast iron& Its hardness

combined with its fle6ibilit! and tensile strength make steel far more useful than either t!pe

of iron> it is more durable and holds a sharp edge better than the softer wrought iron, but it

resists shock and tension better than the more brittle cast iron& 0owever, until the mid #4::s,

steel was difficult to manufacture and e6pensive& Prior to the invention of the 7essemer

converter (described below), steel was made mainl! b! the socalled ce5entation 4rocess&

7ars of wrought iron would be packed in powdered charcoal, la!er upon la!er, in tightl!

covered stone bo6es and heated& fter several da!s of heating, the wrought iron bars would

absorb carbonJ to distribute the carbon more evenl!, the metal would be broken up,

rebundled with charcoal powder, and reheated& 'he resulting blister steelwould then be

heated again and brought under a forge hammer to give it a more consistent te6ture& In the

#3:s, the 8nglish clockmaker 7enamin 0untsman, searching for a higher%ualit! steel for

making clock springs, discovered that blister steel could be melted in cla! crucibles and

further refined b! the addition of a special flu6 that removed fine particles of slag that the

cementation process could not remove& 'his was called crucible steelJ it was of a high

%ualit!, but e6pensive&

'o sum up so far> wrought iron has a little carbon (&:+ to &:4 percent), ust enough to make it

hard without losing its malleabilit!& ast iron, in contrast, has a lot of carbon (; to 3&"

percent), which makes it hard but brittle and nonmalleable& In between these is steel, with &+

to #&" percent carbon, making it harder than wrought iron, !et malleable and fle6ible, unlike


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cast iron& 'hese properties make steel more useful than either wrought or cast iron, !et prior

to #4"5, there was no eas! wa! to control the carbon level in iron so as to manufacture steel

cheapl! and efficientl!& Met the growth of railroads in the #4::s created a huge market for

steel& 'he first railroads ran on wrought iron rails which were too soft to be durable& Bn

some bus! stretches, and on the outer edges of curves, the wrought iron rails had to be

replaced ever! si6 to eight weeks& Steel rails would be far more durable, !et the labor and

energ!intensive process of cementation made steel prohibitivel! e6pensive for such large

scale uses&

'he massproduction of cheap steel onl! became possible after the introduction

of t(eBesse5er 4rocess, named after its brilliant inventor, the 7ritish metallurgist Sir 0enr!

7essemer (#4#;#424)& 7essemer reasoned that carbon in molten pig iron unites readil! with

o6!gen, so a strong blast of air through molten pig iron should convert the pig iron into steel

b! reducing its carbon content& In #4"5 7essemer designed what he called a con!erter, a

large, pearshaped receptacle with holes at the bottom to allow the inection of compressed

air& 7essemer filled it with molten pig iron, blew compressed air through the molten metal,

and found that the pig iron was indeed emptied of carbon and silicon in ust a few minutesJ

moreover, instead of free1ing up from the blast of cold air, the metal became even hotter and

so remained molten& Subse%uent e6perimentation b! another 7ritish inventor, -obert


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therefore, the 7essemer process could onl! be used on pig iron made from phosphorusfree

ores& Such ores are relativel! scarce and e6pensive, as the! are found in onl! a few places

(e&g& Dales and Sweden, where 7essemer got his iron ore, and upper from #45" to #2:", the average life of a rail increased from two !ears to

ten and the car weight a rail could bear increased from eight tons to sevent!)&

'he 7essemer process did not have the field to itself for long as inventors sought

wa!s around the patents (over #:: of them) held b! 0enr! 7essemer& In the #45:s, a rival

appeared on the scene> the o4en*(eart( 4rocess8developed primaril! b! the German

engineer Earl Dilhelm Siemens& 'his process converts iron into steel in a broad, shallow,

openhearth furnace (also called a Sie5ens gas "urnacesince it was fueled first b! coal gas,

later b! natural gas)b! adding wrought iron or iron o6ide to molten pig iron until the carbon

content is reduced b! dilution and o6idation& Using e6haust gases to preheat air and gas prior

to combustion, the Siemens furnace could achieve ver! high temperatures& s with

7essemer converters, the use of basic materials such as limestone in openhearth furnaces

helps to remove phosphorus from the molten metal (a modification called t(e basic o4en*

(eart( 4rocess)& Unlike the 7essemer converter, which makes steel in one volcanic rush,

the openhearth process takes hours and allows for periodic laborator! testing of the molten


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steel so that steel can be made to the precise specifications of the customer as to chemical

composition and mechanical properties& 'he open hearth process also allows for the

production of larger batches of steel than the 7essemer process and the rec!cling of scrap

metal& 7ecause of these advantages, b! #2:: the open hearth process had largel! replaced

the 7essemer process& (fter #25:, it was in turn replaced b! the basic o6!gen process, a

modification of the 7essemer process, in the production of steel from iron ore, and b! the

electricarc furnace in the production of steel from scrap&)

Unlike man! of his competitors, ndrew arnegie was %uick to recogni1e the

importance of the 7essemer, 'homas basic, and openhearth processes& 0e was also among

the first steelmakers to grasp the vital importance of chemistr! in steelmaking& 'hese

became ke!s to his success as a steel manufacturer&

'he mass production of cheap steel, made possible b! the discoveries described above

(and man! others not mentioned), has revolutioni1ed our world& onsider a brief and

incomplete list of the products made possible (or better or more affordable) b! cheap,

abundant steel> railroads, oil and gas pipelines, refineries, power plants, power lines,

assembl! lines, sk!scrapers, elevators, subwa!s, bridges, reinforced concrete, automobiles,

trucks, buses, trolle!s, refrigerators, washing machines, clothes dr!ers, dishwashers, nails,

screws, bolts, nuts, needles, wire, watches, clocks, canned food, battleships, aircraft carriers,

oil tankers, ocean freighters, shipping containers, cranes, bulldo1ers, tractors, farm

implements, fences, knives, forks, spoons, scissors, ra1ors, surgical instruments, ball

bearings, turbines, drill bits, saws, and tools of ever! sort&

In view of his moral failings, can we reall! consider arnegie a Kportrait of human

greatnessOL 'he case for an affirmative answer is this& De are heirs to thousands of !ears of

technological progress, and we benefit ever! da! from the ingenuit! and hard work of man!

thousands of blacksmiths, ironworkers, steelworkers, engineers, inventors, chemists,

metallurgists, and entrepreneurs, long since deceased, one of whom was arnegie and few of

whom were saints& Bur standard of living toda! owes much to arnegieFs entrepreneurial

drive, selfeducation, and genius for efficienc!& Dhatever his flaws and who among us has


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noneO arnegie embodied a t!pe of human greatness that deserves our appreciation and

gratitude& Dithout forgetting the contributions of others (especiall! his workers), we should

make the same udgment about arnegie that Stephen mbrose makes about the men who

built the first transcontinental railroad> K'hings happened as the! happened& It is possible to

imagine all kinds of different routes across the continent, or a better wa! for the government

to help private industr!, or ma!be to have the government build and own it& 7ut those things

didnFt happen, and what did take place is grand& So we admire those who did it even if

the! were far from perfect for what the! were and what the! accomplished and how much

each of us owes them&L (Nothing Like It In the World@ew Mork> Simon and Schuster> +:::Q,

p& ;4+)

Steel in india

Iron and steel industr! is a basic industr! which provides sound base for modern industrial

development&

It provides raw materials for machine tools, construction, transport, agricultural implements

and several other industries which are so essential for modern civili1ation and wa! of life&

So much so that the %uantit! of steel production and its per capita consumption are used as

measures to udge the level of industrialisation and economic development& lthough India

is the eighth largest steel producing countr! of the world but its per capita consumption of

steel (+3 kg in #22422) is much below than the world average (#": kg) and developed

countries (U&S&& :: kg)&

$istorical De!elo45ent

'he art of steel making has been known to India since earl! times as is proved b! the famous

iron pillar of Aelhi dating back to ;": &A& Similarl! the woods steel, manufactured in

0!derabad, was e6ported to Persia so as to be used in the manufacture of famous Aamascus

blades during the medieval times&

'he first attempt to produce iron and steel, on modern lines, was made in #4;: at Porto @ovo

('amil @adu)& 'he mill was closed down in #455& Similar attempts were made at 7a!port


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(Eerala), oimbatore ('amil @adu), 7irbhum (Dest 7engal) and Ealadhungi (Uttar Pradesh)

during #4;:5:J all of which were unsuccessful& .or the first time the pig iron was produced

successfull! in #43 b! the 7engal Iron Dorks, a predecessor of the 7engal Iron ompan!

incorporated into IISB subse%uentl!&

turning point in the histor! of iron and steel production in India came in #2: when the

'ata Iron and Steel ompan! were set up at Sakchi (now =amshedpur) b! Sri =&@& 'ata& 'he

factor! started its first production of pig iron in #2:4 and steel in #2##& 'he .irst Dorld Dar

gave a big boost up to the

industr!& onse%uentl!, the Indian Iron and Steel ompan! 9td& (IISB) was set up at

0irapurin #2#4 and the Cisveswara!a Iron and Steel 9td& (CIS9) at 7hadravati in #2+;&

Protection b! the government and the Second Dorld Dar gave further impetus to theindustr!& In #232 the three steel plants ('ISB, IISB and CIS9) with total installed

capacit! of #&+ million tons produced 2&5 lakh tonnes of steel&

fter Independence rapid stride in iron and steel industr! was made during #2"55# with the

establishment of three new integrated steel plants under 0industan Steel 9td& at -ourkela,

7hilai and Aurgapur, with a total capacit! of #: lakh tonnes each&

'he capacit! of 'ISB and IISB was also increased to +: lakh tonnes and #: takh tonnesrespectivel!& In the 'hird .ive Mear Plan efforts were made to e6pand the capacit! of three

e6isting public sector plants and set up a new steel plant at 7okaro (in #253) which started

production in #2+ (capacit! # lakh tonnes)&

'he Steel uthorit! of India 9td& (SI9) was set up in =anuar! #2; to ensure coordinate

development of the industr! in the public and private sectors& In the .ifth .ive Mear Plan

decision was taken to set up four new steel plants at Salem ('amil @adu), Cia!nagar

(Earnataka), Cishakhapatnam (ndhra Pradesh) and Paradwip (Brissa)& 'he e6pansion

proects for -ourkela and Aurgapur steel plants have been completed in #225 2&

'he new industrial polic! announced in =ul! #22# has removed *iron and steel* from the list

of industries reserved for the public sector, and has also e6empted it from the re%uirements of


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compulsor! licensing& 8ntrepreneurs areJ therefore, free to set up steel plants of an!

capacit!, subect to certain location restrictions&

.ORLD9S TOP STEEL PRODUCIN COUNTRIES

Countries Rank #illion ton%+ear A44ro60

hina # "::::

=apan + #::

US ; 2:

India 3 4:

-ussia " :

South Eorea 5 52

German! 3+

'urke! 4 ;"7ra1il 2 ;3

Ukraine #: +;

.ORLD9S TOP STEEL E:PORTERS ; I#PORTERS COUNTRIES

Position E64orters I54orters

Countries #t%+ A44ro60 Countries #t%+ A44ro60

/ hina 3"": US +2

, =apan 3: 8U +52 8U ;5 S Eorea +:

3 S Eorea +4 'hailand #"

- -ussia +5 hina #3

< Ukraine +" Indonesia #+

= 'urke! # 'urke! ##

> US #+ anada 2&+

? 'aiwan #: India 2

/@ 7ra1il 2


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= Tata Steel India ,28,@@8@@@

> U0S0 Steel USA ,,82@@8@@@
http://www.steelads.com/view/companies/164/JFE_Holdings.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/JPN/Japan_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/166/Jiangsu_Shagang_Group.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/166/Jiangsu_Shagang_Group.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/166/Jiangsu_Shagang_Group.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/CHN/China_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/155/Tata_Steel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/IND/India_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/167/U_S_Steel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/USA/USA_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/164/JFE_Holdings.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/JPN/Japan_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/166/Jiangsu_Shagang_Group.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/166/Jiangsu_Shagang_Group.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/166/Jiangsu_Shagang_Group.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/CHN/China_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/155/Tata_Steel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/IND/India_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/167/U_S_Steel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/USA/USA_Steel_Metal.html


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Crude Steel

Out4ut 4er ,@/@

)ear #T

? Ans(an Iron ;

Steel rou4

Ansteel

C(ina ,,8/@@8@@@

/@ erdau Brail />8=@@8@@@

// Nucor USA />82@@8@@@

/, Se!erstal Russia />8,@@8@@@
http://www.steelads.com/view/companies/168/Anshan_Iron_Steel_Group_Ansteel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/168/Anshan_Iron_Steel_Group_Ansteel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/168/Anshan_Iron_Steel_Group_Ansteel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/CHN/China_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/171/Gerdau.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/BRA/Brazil_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/170/Nucor.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/USA/USA_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/150/Severstal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/RUS/Russia_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/168/Anshan_Iron_Steel_Group_Ansteel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/168/Anshan_Iron_Steel_Group_Ansteel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/168/Anshan_Iron_Steel_Group_Ansteel.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/CHN/China_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/171/Gerdau.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/BRA/Brazil_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/170/Nucor.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/USA/USA_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/150/Severstal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/RUS/Russia_Steel_Metal.html


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Crude Steel

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)ear #T

/2 .u(an Iron ;

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C(ina /


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Crude Steel

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)ear #T

/= ru44o Ri!a Ital) /38@@@8@@@

/> Steel Aut(orit)

O" India

SAIL

India /28


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Crude Steel

Out4ut 4er ,@/@

)ear #T

,/ C(ina Steel

Cor4oration

Tai7an /,8=@@8@@@

,, No!oli4etsk

Steel NL#K

Russia //8?@@8@@@

,2 #agnitogorsk

Iron And Steel

.orks ##K

Russia //83@@8@@/

,3 Iranian #ines

; #ining

Industries

I#IDRO

Iran //83@@8@@@
http://www.steelads.com/view/companies/192/China_Steel_Corporation.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/192/China_Steel_Corporation.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/TWN/Taiwan_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/153/Novolipetsk_Steel_NLMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/153/Novolipetsk_Steel_NLMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/RUS/Russia_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/152/Magnitogorsk_Iron_And_Steel_Works_MMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/152/Magnitogorsk_Iron_And_Steel_Works_MMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/152/Magnitogorsk_Iron_And_Steel_Works_MMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/RUS/Russia_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/195/Iranian_Mines_Mining_Industries_IMIDRO.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/195/Iranian_Mines_Mining_Industries_IMIDRO.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/195/Iranian_Mines_Mining_Industries_IMIDRO.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/195/Iranian_Mines_Mining_Industries_IMIDRO.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/IRN/Iran_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/192/China_Steel_Corporation.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/192/China_Steel_Corporation.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/TWN/Taiwan_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/153/Novolipetsk_Steel_NLMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/153/Novolipetsk_Steel_NLMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/RUS/Russia_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/152/Magnitogorsk_Iron_And_Steel_Works_MMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/152/Magnitogorsk_Iron_And_Steel_Works_MMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/152/Magnitogorsk_Iron_And_Steel_Works_MMK.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/RUS/Russia_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/195/Iranian_Mines_Mining_Industries_IMIDRO.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/195/Iranian_Mines_Mining_Industries_IMIDRO.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/195/Iranian_Mines_Mining_Industries_IMIDRO.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/IRN/Iran_Steel_Metal.html


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Crude Steel

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,- Tec(int

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g

>8>@@8@@@
http://www.steelads.com/view/companies/193/Techint_Tenaris.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/193/Techint_Tenaris.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/LUX/Luxembourg_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/LUX/Luxembourg_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/193/Techint_Tenaris.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/companies/193/Techint_Tenaris.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/LUX/Luxembourg_Steel_Metal.htmlhttp://www.steelads.com/view/countries/LUX/Luxembourg_Steel_Metal.html


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SI9 manufactures and sells a broad range of steel products, including hot and cold rolled

sheets and coils, galvanised sheets, electrical sheets, structurals, railwa! products, plates, bars

and rods, stainless steel and other allo! steels& SI9 produces iron and steel at five

integrated plants and three special steel plants, located principall! in the eastern and central

regions of India and situated close to domestic sources of raw materials, including the

ompan!*s iron ore, limestone and dolomite mines& 'he compan! has the distinction of

being IndiaFs second largest producer of iron ore and of having the countr!Fs second largest

mines network& 'his gives SI9 a competitive edge in terms of captive availabilit! of iron

ore, limestone, and dolomite which are inputs for steel making&

SI9*s wide range of long and flat steel products are much in demand in the domestic as well

as the international market& 'his vital responsibilit! is carried out b! SI9*s own entral


33/41

Background ; (istor) SAIL

T(e Precursor

SI9 traces its origin to the formative !ears of an emerging nation India& fter

independence the builders of modern India worked with a vision to la! the infrastructure for

rapid industrialisaton of the countr!& 'he steel sector was to propel the economic growth&

0industan Steel Private 9imited was set up on =anuar! #2, #2"3&

E64anding $orion /?-?*/?=2

0industan Steel (0S9) was initiall! designed to manage onl! one plant that was coming up

at -ourkela& .or 7hilai and Aurgapur Steel Plants, the preliminar! work was done b! the

Iron and Steel


34/41

$olding Co54an)

'he


35/41

of the SI9& 'he organi1ational structure of SI9 has been shown below with

the help of a flow chart&

$ig(lig(ts o" SAIL Plan

Dorld class technolog! and

products @ew universal rail mill

(head hardened ? special 0!&-ails), universal beam

mill (::2::mm),new wire rod/merchant mill,structural mill,new hsm(thin slab

casting), api 6:/4:/#::, new crm with pickling and tandem mill and wide plate

mill(upto 3&;m) 0igh component of value added products and increased finished steel from 4"$

to 25$ #::$ 7o. steel making, #::$ production through cc route

oke dr! %uenching, desulphurisation of hot metal and pelletisation/beneficiation

plant

#arketing Strateg)

8nsuring Aominant position in Indian Steel


36/41

B(ilai Steel Plant BSP in C((attisgar(1 hhattisgarhset up with Soviet

collaboration (#2"2)

PRODUCT*#I: TONNES%ANNU#

Semis ",;;,::

-ail ? 0eav! Structural ,":,::


37/41

Bokaro Steel Plant BSL in (ark(and1 =harkhand(#25") set up with Soviet

collaboration ('he Plant is hailed as the countr!Fs first Swadeshi steel plant, built with

ma6imum indigenous content in terms of e%uipment, material and knowhow)


0- oils/ Sheets/ Plates ;2"

- oils/ Sheets #55

- oils/ Sheets, '


38/41

PRODUCT*#I: SPECI'ICATION

-olled -ounds " +:"

.orged S%uares #:: "":

.orged -ounds #:: 5+"

Plates (@onStainless Steel) " 3: thick

oncast () Slabs (Stainless / @onStn Steel) #: 6 2::#;::

Sale5 Steel Plant SSP in Ta5il Nadu1 'amil @adu


old rolled stainless steel flat product (oils/Sheets/7lanks) 5":::

0ot rolled stainless steel/carbon steel flat product (oils/Sheets) ##::::

'otal Saleable Steel #":::

&is!es!ara)a Iron and Steel Plant &ISL in Karnataka1 (7hadravathi,

Earnataka) Cisvesvara!a Iron and Steel Plant (CIS9) is a pioneer in production of high

%ualit! allo! and special steels and pig iron& Steel is produced through 7.7B.9-.CA

route& CIS9 has an installed capacit! of ,::: tonnes of allo! and special steels and

+:",::: tonnes of hot metal&

'erro Allo) Plant

C(andra4ur 'erro Allo) Plant1


39/41

Product*5i6

Sie in

55

C(e5ical s4eci"ication

#anganese Carbon Silicon P(os4(orou

0igh arbon .erro


40/41

NTPC SAIL Po7er Co54an) P!t0 Li5ited NSPCL1 ":>": oint venture

between Steel uthorit! of India 9td (SI9) and @ational 'hermal Power orporation

9td (@'P 9td)J manages SI9Fs captive power plants at -ourkela, Aurgapur and 7hilai

with a combined capacit! of 4#3 megawatts (3 basis to set up a +&+ million tonne (


41/41

respectivel! +4&$, +4&$, #3&;$, #3&;$ and #3&;$ shareholding) aiming to ac%uire

stake in coal mines/blocks/companies overseas for securing coking and thermal coal

supplies&

SAIL SCI S(i44ing P!t0 Li5ited> ":>": oint venture with Shipping orporation

of India for provision of various shipping and related services to SI9 for importing of

coking coal and other bulk materials and other shippingrelated business&

SAIL RITES Bengal .agon Industr) P!t0 Li5ited> ":>": oint venture with

-I'8S to manufacture, sell, market, distribute and e6port railwa! wagons, including

highend specialised wagons, wagon protot!pes, fabricated components/parts of railwa!

vehicles, rehabilitation of industrial locomotives, etc&, for the domestic market&

SAIL SCL Li5ited1 ":>": =C with Government of Eerala where SI9 has

management control to revive the e6isting facilities at Steel omple6 9td, alicut and

also to set up, develop and manage a ' 'he Government of India owns about 4:$ of

SI9*s e%uit! and retains voting control of the ompan!& 0owever, SI9, b! virtue of its

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Public Sector Undertakings in Indi + SAIL

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