VERBS-PAST POSSIBILITY

• Must + Have + Past Participle Must have

• Could + Have + Past ParticipleCould have

• May + Have + Past ParticipleMay have

• Might + Have + Past ParticipleMight have

VERBS-PAST IMPOSSIBILITY

• Could + Have + Past Participle

Could haveCan’t have

A: Where's Sheila? She said that she would be here at 10:00, and now it's after 10:30.

B: Se must've had some kind of problem. She's usually very punctual.

Because B knows that Sheila is normally very punctual, B concludes that Sheila had

some kind of problem.

MUST HAVE= To express a

deduction about the past.

MUST HAVE (must’ve)Must + Have + Past

Participle

MUST HAVE=MUST’VE

I'm not sure where I met him. It could have been at a wedding party or it could’ve been at a business meeting.(I don't remember where I met him. Maybe I met him at a wedding party or maybe I met him at a business meeting.)

I know Jane was at home, but she didn't answer the phone. She could have been asleep or taking a shower.(I know she was at home, but she didn't answer the phone. Maybe she was asleep or taking a shower.)

I don't know why Mark left early from the party. He could have been bored. (I don't know why Mark left early. Maybe he was bored.)

COULD HAVE=To express possibility in

the past.

COULD HAVE (could’ve)Could + Have + Past

Participle

COULD HAVE=COULD’VE

"He may have gone to the cinema" means "Maybe he went to the cinema" or "It's possible that he went to the cinema"

"Ann hasn’t arrived yet. She may have missed the bus.“(= It is possible that she missed the buss.)

A: “Patrick didn’t come to the party last night.”B: “He may have felt ill.”(It is possible that he felt ill so he didn’t come to the party.)

MAY HAVE=To express the possibility that something happened in the past or that something was

true in the past.

MAY HAVE May + Have + Past Participle

MAY HAVE

A: ‘What was that noise?’B: ‘It might have been an airplane.’(It is possible that the noise was caused by an airplane).

"You were stupid to fight with him. He might have killed you.“(It was possible, but luckily it didn’t happen.)

Meaning 1= to express the possibility that something happened in the past.

Meaning 2= to talk about past events or situations that were possible but did not

happen.

MAY HAVE May + Have + Past

Participle

MIGHT HAVE

VERBS-PAST IMPOSSIBILITY

• The negative form of could have is could not have (which is often contracted to couldn't have). Couldn't have is also followed by the past participle of the main verb. It's used to show that something in the past is impossible.

• You couldn't have seen Jerry yesterday. He's been out of town since last Tuesday!

• (It's impossible for you to have seen Jerry yesterday because he wasn't here. He's been out of town since last Tuesday!)__

• NOTICE: Can’t have can also be used to express this same meaning. __________________________________

Couldn’t have

Can’t have

https://elt.oup.com/student/englishfile/intplus/a_grammar/file03/nef_int_grammar_3_03?cc=us&selLanguage=en

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/410-modals-of-possibility-and-probability-for-past-situations1.htm

Now it’s time to practice

VERB MEANING EXAMPLEDROP OFFINSIST ONGET THROUGH TOGET THROUGH WITHKEEP AWAY FROMSTAY AWAY FROMUSE UPRUN ACROSS

MULTI-WORD VERBS

WORD MEANING EXAMPLEPREVENT (verb)RESPOND (verb)SEARCH (verb)ASSIST (verb)ASSISTANCE (noun)RESCUE (verb)INSPECT (verb)DROWN (verb)BITE (verb)BITE (noun)HELMETFATAL (adjective)PREVENTABLE (adjective)

ACCIDENT PREVENTION & ASSISTANCE

ENTIRE LITTLE TRIM

ADJECTIVES

ABSOLUTELY

ADVERBS

CHEMICAL

FUEL

NOUNS-SUBSTANCES

MAKE, HAVE OR GET?

LETMAKEHAVEGET

SOMEONE DO SOMETHING

See the tutorial here and then do the practice there:http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html

ACCORDING TO:

AT LEAST:

FEW:

IN PLACE OF:

OTHERWISE:

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

WORDDEPARTMENT

METHOD

REST (Noun)

ARRANGE

MISPLACE

MEANING

Match the word with its definition

CONVINCED

If you are convinced of something, you are sure that

it is true or genuine.

The audience was convinced by the powerful arguments of

the lecturer.

CONVINCINGcausing someone to believe

that something is true or certain

His reasons for not handing in his homework were not very

convincing.

ADJECTIVES: -ED OR -ING