PUBLIC SPEAKING

Published By:1.Conny Anggraini

2.Nolawati3.Selsi Pebri Weni

4.Steffy Pratiwi

SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKANYDB Lubuk Alung

The Introduction and

Conclusion1.The Introduction In most cases an introduction to a speech has

three objectives: a.It should capture the listener’s attention b.It should give the audience a reason for

listening c.It should indicate the main idea of the

speech,and if desirable ,preview its main points.

Ten methods for getting and holding the attentionof your audience.

1.Start off with humor2.Begin with a Startling Statement

3.Ask a Rhetorical Q uestion4.Begin with a Statistic

5.Refer to a Previous Speaker6.Start with a Question

7.Begin with a Brief Story8.Refer to the Familiar

9.List a series of examples10.Begin with a Definition

• The list of suggestions given above for attention-getting introductions is by no means complete.Other methods include referring to a recent event or one that is soon to take place,a buildup of suspense,the use of a visual aid as part of the introduction,the use of novelty or the unusual,an introduction involving conflict,and establishing a common ground with the audience.

THE CONCLUSIONSome people feel that the conclusion

is the most important part of the speech.It is your last chance to

achieve your purpose,and it signals your audience that your speech is

ending.Plan your conclusion carefully.It is the final impression

the audience will get of your speech,and it should leave them with a sense of completeness.

There are six suggestions for effectively concluding your speech:

1.End with a restatement of your central idea.

A speech that has as its central idea2.End with a summary of the main ideas

developed in your speech.A speech with the central idea.

3.End with a rhetorical question.4.End with a call to action5.End with a positive vision of the future.6.End with a negative vision of the future

Outlining the speech• Once you have developed the

intriduction,body ,and conclusion of your speech,you should organize it in a complete-sentence outline form.This will enable you to see at a glance whether your central idea,main points,and subpoints are arranged in a clear and orderly manner.

A model complete-sentence outline of a student speech on the benefits of walking:

1.Introduction a.Testimony Over 2,000 years ago Hippocrates,the Father of

medicine said,”walking is man’s best medicine.” b.Explanation c.Testimony d.Explanation -Example -Example e.Central idea statement

2.Body1.Walking strengthens the heart a.It improves collateral circulation -Explanation-visual aid -Testimony -Example -Statistic b.It lowers blood pressure - Explanation-visual aid - Example - Testimony - Example

2.Walking conditions a person mentallyA.It reduces stress -Testimony-comparison - Example -Testimony - Testimony-comparisonB.It improves self-image -Testimony - Testimony - Example - explanation

3.Walking conditions a person physically

a.It removes unwanted fat -Visual aid -Statistical testimony -Example -Comparison b.It reimproves a person’s fitness -Testimony -Comparison -Example -Visual aid

3.Conclusion 1.Explanation 2.Comparison 3.Explanation 4.Explanation4.Bibliography This is important for a number of reasons.First,it

provides a logical arrangement of your main and subpoints along with an idea of the supporting materials you are going to use.Second,it will provide a framework from which you can prepare note cards-or-a phrase outline.

THANK YOU......