Publishing your Work in a Rapidly Changing Scholarly

Communications Environment

Courtney MlinarMarch 2012

Current Publishing Model Debates

Research Works Act- defeated February 2012• required making published, federally funded research freely available

illegal (Elsevier was major player

Federal Research Public Access Act (FRPAA) 2012• any research supported by federal $ to be deposited in a publicly

accessible online repository within 6 months of publication• expands public access to federally funded research (like NIH funded) to 11

new agencies (opposed by Association of American Publishers- calls it “intellectual eminent domain”*)

http://www.taxpayeraccess.org/issues/frpaa/index.shtml

*Grant B. (2012) Publishers fight open access bill. Available http://www.taxpayeraccess.org/issues/frpaa/index.shtml . Accessed March 4, 2012.

Agencies affected by FRPAA

• Department of Agriculture• Department of Commerce• Department of Defense• Department of Education• Department of Energy• Department of Health and Human Services• Department of Homeland Security• Department of Transportation• Environmental Protection Agency• National Aeronautics and Space Administration• National Science Foundation

Similar to NIH Public Access Policy:

Public Access Policy: • public has access to federally funded NIH

research• Researchers submit final peer-reviewed

manuscripts to PubMed Central upon acceptance for publication within 12 month period (submission site is online)

http://publicaccess.nih.gov/

PubMed Central

http://0-www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.novacat.nova.edu/pmc/

PubMed Healthhttp://0-www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.novacat.nova.edu/pubmedhealth/

• Reviews of Clinical Effectiveness Research• Links out to Wiley Cochrane Library (HPD Library has EBSCO

Cochrane Library- go to PubMed to linkout)• Systematic Reviews of Clinical Trial Research (2003)• PubMed searches PubMed Health

Tools:

PubMed:• My NCBI for PIs> My Saved Data > Manage >

Public > Add a Delegate to share bibliography• My BibliographyElectronic Research Administration (eRA)• New awards register account• Link account to My NCBIhttp://era.nih.gov/

Author issues:

• Copyright• Publishing model• Promotion and Tenure requirements• Grant publishing requirements

CopyrightAsher A . Bucknell Scholarly Communications Practices Survey: Summary Results. Accessed from http://goo.gl/EQUe4 March. 18, 2012.

Journal Citation Reports

• Journal Impact on Scholarship in your specialty

• Devised by Eugene Garfield, ISI (1955)• ISI Web of Knowledge (Thomson Reuters)• Average number of citations per article• For last 2 years

JCR Measures

About 10,000 Influential Journals (not articles or researchers) • Science Index• Social Science Index

Search by subject or specific journal

Citation Mapping

Tracks citations • Forward (those who cite you) • Backward (your list of References)

Citation Mapping Web of Science

Forward and Backward

New in 2010 edition

• Impact Factor controlled for Self-citations• 1,075 titles receiving Impact Factor for the

first time:– 1,300 regional titles

• Total of over 10,000 journals representing: – 2,500 publishers– 84 countries

Impact Factor

• A = number of times articles published in 2008 and 2009 were cited by JCR indexed journals during 2010.

• B = total number of "citable items" published by that journal in 2008 and 2009.

• 2010 impact factor = A/B

"Citable items" = articles, reviews, proceedings, or notes; not editorials or Letters-to-the-Editor

Impact factor= 5.395

Divide the number of citations in 2008 to articles published past 2 years (2006-2007) = 1133 by total number of articles published previous 2 years (2006-2007) = 210

Number of citations in 2008 to articles published in previous five years (2003-2007) divided by the total number of articles

published in the previous two years (2003-2007)

More…

• New journals assigned impact factor after 2 years

• Journals indexed starting with a volume other than the first volume- no impact factor for 3 years

• Annuals and other irregular publications sometimes publish no items in a particular year, affecting the count

Eigenfactor (2008)

Eigenfactor Score calculation: www.eigenfactor.org

• Highly cited journals = greater influence in the community ---> weighted citations

• Journal self-citation removed

The Eigenfactor™ Algorithm-2008, was developed by the Metrics Eigenfactor™ Project: a bibliometric research project conducted by

Professor Carl Bergstrom and his laboratory at University of Washington.

Article Score

Measures an article’s influence in scientific community• Greater than 1= Above average • Less than 1= Below average

Hirsch- or h-index

Measures impact of an individual scientist • Can also be applied to the productivity and impact of a group

of scientists, such as a department or university or country• Depends on “academic age” of researcher• Only used for comparing scientists in the same field

Suggested by Jorge E. Hirsch, a physicist at UCSD, as a tool for determining theoretical physicists relative quality and is sometimes called the Hirsch

index or Hirsch number. Hirsch JE. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of

America 102 (46): 16569-16572 November 15 2005.

JCR faults?

• Western bias?• Missing high-impact conferences or meetings?• Popularity vs. Prestige?

Editors and Impact Factor

• Recruiting high-profile researchers• Improved author services• Boosting media profiles• Fewer articles per issue• Increases in article self-citations

Example:

Web of Knowledge and Web of Sciencehttp://www.nova.edu/hpdlibrary/

Pharmacology Journals

New Players:

• BMJ Updates: newsworthy articles• Biomed Central Faculty of 1000 (2002) • Faculty of Medicine (2006)• PLoS App -Public Library of Science: Biology,

Genetics…

Scopus

• Originates from Elsevier(Elsevier)- 2004• No citation analysis before 1990s• Tiny bit more coverage of high-impact

conferences• Coverage begins 1966• Western bias still present

SCImago Journal Rank

• Similar to Page Rank• Variant of Eigenfactor• Measures of prestige: the SJR indicator

SCImago

• Developed from Scopus (Elsevier)• SCImago research group from Consejo

Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Granada, Extremadura, Carlos III (Madrid) and Alcalá de Henares

http://www.scimagojr.com/index.php

Open Access

• Gold OA- electronic, selected full text on publisher web site

• Green OA- print converted to electronic for archival purposes

• Public model OA- public institutions and gov, J-Stage (Japan gov funded research), SciELO (Brazil), Nursing.com, FindArticles…

How to Evaluate?

Similar to web site evaluation:CRAAP (University of California Chico State)

Meriam Library, U. o. C., Chico. (2010). Evaluating Information - Applying the CRAAP Test, from http://www.csuchico.edu/lins/handouts/eval_websites.pdf

Web Site: CRAAP test

• C = Currency• R = Relevance• A = Authority• A = Accuracy• P = Purpose

Meriam Library, U. o. C., Chico. (2010). Evaluating Information - Applying the CRAAP Test. Accessed February 21, 2012 from http://www.csuchico.edu/lins/handouts/eval_websites.pdf

Example 1:

CRAAP Test:American Journal of TherapeuticsLippincott, Williams & Wilkins

Example 2:

CRAAP test on Academy Publish

Red Flags in OA

• Less than 21 day turn-around Peer-Review process

• Web site doesn’t pass CRAAP test• No information about Editorial Board• Unreasonable author or processing fees• Not indexed in many databases (check Ulrichs)

Predatory Publishers

Publishing Models

• Traditional Print and Online subscription• Online only subscription• Open Access- Gold, Green, Public• Gray Literature: Conferences, Proceedings• Wikis, Blogs, Social Networking

Open Access

• Investigate publisher and fees thoroughly• Some open access journals have higher impact

factors than traditional• Can you access the articles?• Check database indexing for publication

Thank you!

Courtney Mlinar, M.L.S.Reference/ Academic Support Services LibrarianLiaison College of Pharmacy(954) 262-3121cm1470@nova.edu