Puji Eco Project

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TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION 3

STUDY AREA:- 3

OBJECTIVES:- 3

DATA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:- 3

SOURCE:- 7

EXPORTS:- 7

IMPORTS:- 7

TRADE BALANCE:- 8

INTRODUCTION 10

MEANINGS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE:- 12

BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE 14

TRENDS IN INDIA'S FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 16

INDIAS TRADE PERFORMANCE 17

WORLD TRADE SCENARIO 17EXPORTS 18

IMPORTS 19

TRADE BALANCE 20

FOREIGN TRADE POLICY, 2009-14 21

EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES 21PLANTATION CROPS 23

AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 23

ORES AND MINERALS 23

LEATHER AND LEATHERMANUFACTURES 23

GEMS AND JEWELERS 24

CHEMICALS AND RELATED PRODUCTS 24

ENGINEERING GOODS 24

ELECTRONIC GOODS 25


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TEXTILES 25

HANDICRAFTS AND CARPETS 25

PROJECT GOODS 25

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 26

COTTON RAW INCLUDING WASTE 26

IMPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES 26FERTILIZERS 27

PETROLEUM CRUDE &PRODUCTS 28

PEARLS,PRECIOUS AND SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES 28

CAPITAL GOODS 28

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CHEMICALS 28

COAL,COKE &BRIQUETTES 29

GOLD &SILVER 29

DIRECTION OF INDIAS FOREIGN TRADE 29

FINDINGS & CONCLUSIONS 31

TRENDS IN EXPORT 37

TRENDS IN IMPORT 44

BIBLIOGRAPHY:- 47


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INTRODUCTION

Since independence the number of changes has been took place in all most all sectors of the

Indian economy, As far as foreign trader is concerned India has adopted an inward-oriented

restrictive trade policy till 1960"s. Since 1960"s, India has adopted the import substitution

policy, however the liberalisation era was started in 1970"s, but it is a mild in nature, in the late

1980"s and early 1990"s the drastic changes have been took place under the leadership of our

late Prime Minister Mr. P.V.NarshimhaRao, and the finance minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.

Indian economy has shifted towards the globalization and our economy is linked with world

economy. During 1950-1951 to 2003-2004 the Govt, of India have been implemented number of

foreign trade policies, these policies have brought a tremendous changes in Indians foreign trade.

Study area:-

In the present work an attempt has been made to the study the Trends in Indias foreign trade

since planning period In order to study the trends in foreign trade the three components of trade

are considered i.e. Exports, Imports, Trade balance .

Objectives:-

To examine the impact of Govt, foreign trade policy on (A) Exports (B) Imports (C) Trade

balance

Data and research methodology:-

The entire data used for the present study have been obtained from the secondary sources; the

data required for the analysis of different periods are collected from the following sources.

1. R.B.I. Annual Reports and Monthly Reports various issues

2. Economic and Political Weekly - Various issues.


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3. Foreign TradeReview various issues

4. Internet.etc

5. Economic surveys- Ministry of finance, Govt of India various issues.

As far as research methodology is concerned the data has been analyzed by using simple to

moderate statistical tools like Averages, Percentages, and Graphs are used for analyzing the data.

International trade or foreign trade implies that the trade between two or more countries. It is one

of the important macro- fundamental variables of an Economy. The Foreign trade is considered

as Engine of growth this Engine of growth is depend upon the various factors such as the ratio

of foreign trade of an economy with world trade, terms of trade, volume of export, volume of

import and trade balance etc. As far as foreign trade policy is concerned number of changes have

been took place during the planning period i.e. 1951-1952 onwards

In the initial period of planning India has adopted restrictive trade and import substitution policy

till 1970s during this period public sector has assigned a major role to play in economic

development of the country, on the other hand private sector play its role with regulation

However, at the end of 1970s and beginning of 1980s India has changed its foreign trade policy

from restrictive trade to liberal trade policy During 1980s and 1990s the drastic changes have

been took place in the economies of the world. Economic power centres in the world have

shifted over the years and the Engine of growth has also altered, the late 1980s and early

1990s have seen a new wave towards globalisation of finance and greater integration of

production through trade under different political conditions including trade policies in order to

share the benefits of globalisation. Since planning period Indias foreign trade has passed

through the above mentioned foreign trade policies which has impacted on the volume of

imports, exports, trade balance etc. Impact of foreign trade policy on Indias foreign trade is

shown in the following table and graphs.


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YEAR EXPORT IMPORT TRADE BALANCE

1 2 3 4

1 9 5 0 - 5 1

1 9 5 1 - 5 2

1 9 5 2 - 5 3

1 9 5 3 - 5 4

1 9 5 4 - 5 5

1 9 5 5 - 5 6

1 9 5 6 - 5 7

1 9 5 7 - 5 8

1 9 5 8 - 5 9

1 9 5 9 - 6 0

1 9 6 0 - 6 1

1 9 6 1 - 6 2

1 9 6 2 - 6 31 9 6 3 - 6 4

1 9 6 4 - 6 5

1 9 6 5 - 6 6

1 9 6 6 - 6 7

1 9 6 7 - 6 8

1 9 6 8 - 6 9

1 9 6 9 - 7 0

1 9 7 0 - 7 1

1 9 7 1 - 7 2

1 9 7 2 - 7 3

1 9 7 3 - 7 4

1 9 7 4 - 7 5

1 9 7 5 - 7 61 9 7 6 - 7 7

1 9 7 7 - 7 8

1 9 7 8 - 7 9

1 9 7 9 - 8 0

1 9 8 0 - 8 1

1 9 8 1 - 8 2

1 9 8 2 - 8 3

1 9 8 3 - 8 4

1 9 8 4 - 8 5

1 9 8 5 - 8 6

1 9 8 6 - 8 7

1 9 8 7 - 8 8

606

716

578

531

593

609

605

561

581

640

642

660

685793

816

810

1157

1199

1358

1413

1535

1608

1971

2523

3329

40365142

5408

5726

6418

6711

7806

8803

9771

11744

10895

12452

15674

608

890

702

610

700

774

841

1035

906

961

1122

1090

11311223

1349

1409

2078

2008

1909

1582

1634

1825

1867

2955

4519

52655074

6020

6811

9143

12549

13608

14293

15831

17143

19658

20096

22244

-2

-174

-124

-79

-107

-165

-236

-474

-325

-321

-480

-430

-446-430

-533

-599

-921

-809

-551

-169

-99

-217

104

-432

-1190

-122968

-612

-1025

-2725

-5835

-5802

-5490

-6060

-5399

-8763

-7644

-6570

Table showing volume of exports, imports, trade balance during pre and post liberalization

period


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1 9 8 8 - 8 9 20232 28235 -8003

1 9 8 9 - 9 0 27658 35328 -7670

1 9 9 0 - 9 1 32533 43198 -10645

1 9 9 1 - 9 2 44041 47851 -3810

1 9 9 2 - 9 3 53688 63375 -96871 9 9 3 - 9 4 69751 73101 -3350

1 9 9 4 - 9 5 82674 89971 -7298

1 9 9 5 - 9 6 106465 121647 -15182

1 9 9 6 - 9 7 118817 138919 -20102

1 9 9 7 - 9 8 130100 154176 -24067

1 9 9 8 - 9 9 139753 178332 -38579

1 9 9 9 - 0 0 159561 215236 -55675

2 0 0 0 - 0 1 203571 230872 -27301

2 0 0 1 - 0 2 209018 245199 -36181

2 0 0 2 - 0 3 255137 291133 -35996

2 0 0 3 - 0 4 283605 346474 -62869

Graph showing volume of exports, imports and trade balance since


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Source:-

1) Economic survey Govt of India 2002-2003

Table No.6.3 Page.No.101 2) Annual Report RBI 2003-

2004. Page No.94. 3) Economic and Political Weekly

May 15-21. 2003- 2004 Page 1982.

In the above table and graph the volume of export, imports and trade balance is shown from

1950-51 to2003-2004. Since planning period there is increase in the volume of all factors either

positively or negatively.

Exports:-

In the year 1950-51 the volume of exports were Rs.606/-crores and it has increased up to

Rs.1413/- crores in 1969-1970 in the initial years of pre liberalization period the volume of

exports have been increased gradually, However in the liberalization period volume of exports

has been increased up to Rs1531/- in 1970-71, in 1989-90 it has increased up to Rs27658/-crores

in the post liberalization period the volume of exports has increased up to Rs283605/-crores i.e.

In 2003-2004.

Imports:-

In the initial year of planning period the volume of imports were Rs608/-crores i.e. is in 1950-51,

after two decades it has increased up toRs1582/- crores in 1969-70, during the liberalization

period the volume of imports has increased from Rs.1634/-crores in1971-

72 to Rs.35328/- in 1989-90, in post reform period it has increased from RS44041/- crores to

Rs.346474/- crores in 2003-04.


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Trade balance:-

The volume of trade balance of India has remained always negative (i.e. Due to the volume of

imports exceeds the volume of exports) expect for only two years trade balance of India has

remained positive i.e. is in the year 1972-73 and 1976-77. The volume of trade balance was Rs -

2/-crores in1950-51, and it was increased up to Rs.-169/- in 1969- 70, however there is a

continuously increase in the negative volume of trade balance in pre-reform period it was Rs.-

7670/- in1989-90 crores, and in post reform period it has increased up toRs.-62869/- crores i.e. is

in2003-2004.


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INTRODUCTION


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INTRODUCTIONThe economy of India is the 12th largest economy in the world by market exchange rates and the

4th largest by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). In 1990s, following the economic reforms from a

socialist-inspired economy, the country began to experience swift economic growth, as market

opened for international competition. In the 21st century, India is an emerging power with vast

human and natural resources, and huge knowledge base. Economists predict that by 2020, India

will be among the largest economies of the world.

India was under socialistic democratic-based policies from 1947 to 1991. The economy was

characterized by regulations and public ownership, leading to corruption and slow growth rate.

Since 1991 continuing economic liberalization has moved the economy towards a market based

system. A revival of economic reforms and better economic policy in 2000s accelerated India's

economic growth. In 2008 India established itself as the world's 2nd largest growing economy.

However, year 2009 saw a significant slowdown in India's official GDP growth rate to 6.1% as

well as the return of a large projected fiscal deficit of 10.3% of GDP.

The international trade has been growing faster than world output indicates that the international

market is expanding faster than the domestic markets. There are indeed many Indian firms too

whose foreign business is growing faster than the domestic business. This is manifested/

necessitated/ facilitated by the following facts:

(a) The Competitive business Environment

(b) Globalization

(c) The universal liberalization Policy.


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Table-1 shows the growth of world merchandise exports. The table indicates that during 1950-

60, the value of world exports become double. In the next 10 years it increased nearly 2 times.

During 1970s, the value of the world exports increased by about 5 times. Worldwide inflation,

particularly the successive hikes in oil prices, significantly contributed to sharp increase in the

value of exports. During 1980-90, the value of world exports increased by 80%. Between 1990-

2000, it increased by over 90%. In fact, exports of developing countries have been increasing

faster than those of the developed.

The Second half of the 20th century has seen trade expansion substantially faster than output. In

the last two decades of the 20th century, world trade has grown twice as fast as world real GDP

(6%versus 3%).India presented an interesting case. There was near stagnation in its foreign

trade-GDP ratio for about four decades since the commencement of development planning.

During this period it was around 15%. The inward looking economic policy, import compression

and slow progress on the export front were responsible. Since the economic liberalization, in

1991 there has however, been an increase in Indias foreign trade-GDP ratio it is about 20%

now.


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Meanings of International Trade:-

Internal trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between the buyers and sellers within

the political boundaries of the same country. It may be carried on either as a wholesale trade or aretail trade. External trade or international trade, is the trade between different countries i.e. it

extends beyond the political boundaries of the countries. In other words, it is the trade between

two countries. Hence, it is also known as foreign trade.

Trading with nations beyond the seas is however not new to Indians. Evidences about our

international trade are found in the ancient literatures of our country. But the volume of such

trade was insignificant and continued to remain so tight through the middle ages and up to the

advent of the British rule in India. It is only after the British rule that Indias foreign trade took a

definite shape. International trade on large scale has become a phenomenon of the 20th century

especially after the IInd World War. There is practically no country today, which is functioning

as a closed system. Even socialist countries like Russia and China are now taking concrete steps

to capture foreign markets for the products produced in their country. International trade, thus,

has become as essential ingredient of the normal economic life of any country.

Similarities and Differences between Internal and International Trade:-

The general procedure and operations are similar to both internal trade and international trade.

The following are the similarities between the two:-

1. Satisfaction of Consumer: In domestic trade and in international trade, success depends upon

effectively satisfying the basic requirements of the consumers.

2. Goodwill Creation: It is necessary to build goodwill both in the domestic market as well as in

the international market. If a firm is able to develop goodwill of the consumers, its task will be

much simpler than the one, which is not able to build up its own reputation. In both the cases,the seller should take all positive measures to gain the confidence of the consumers in his

product.

3. Market Research: The marketing program should be formulated after a careful market

research. Failure to assess the target market shall ultimately bring failure in the task of

marketing.


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4. Product Planning and Development: Research and development with a view to product

improvement is necessary in both internal and international trade. The marketer should keep a

constant watch over the changes occurring in the consumers tastes and the preferences and

develop or modify his product to suit the needs of his customers.

However, there are certain special features, which differentiate internal trade from

international trade. The difference are as follows:-

1. Demand and Supply: Demand and supply can`t work out their full effects where foreign trade

is concerned. Whereas such factors can work out their full efforts in the case of internal trade.

2. Physical Obstacle to Commerce: Where international trade is carried on, a far greater degreeof inequality between conditions of production in different countries is necessary to

stimulate trade when the countries are widely separated than when they are adjoining.

3. Artificial Barriers to Trade: The natural difficulties may be increased by artificial barriers to

trade, either through prohibitive laws as in war time of through customs duties or protective

tariffs.

4. Obstacles of Mobility of Capital: Men who refuse to leave their own land may invest capital

abroad. A foreign loan must offer a much higher rate of interest than a home loan. Not only is

there a real risk of loss of interest and even capital, but an investor feels a sense of insecurity

when money is invested abroad.

5. Differences in Economic Environment from country to country: Different countries may have

different facilities for carrying out productive activities. Differences in system of national and

local taxation, regulations for health, factory organization, education and insurance, policy

regarding the transport and public utilities, laws relating to industrial combinations and trade,

etc., do exist between countries. These differences bring about a


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6. The geographical and climatic conditions: they may give rise to territorial division of labour

and localization of industries. Some countries may have natural resources is abundance such as

iron ore, coal, etc., whereas in some other countries climatic conditions give advantages to them.

7. Long-distance: International trade is generally of long-distance. This may affect the transportcosts and the cost of different factors of production.

8. Preference: Preference for home and the prejudice against foreigners remain as one of the

major factors that would explain as to why the rates of earning of the different of equal

efficiency would not be equalized between different countries.

Benefits of International Trade

The various gains of international trade are as follows:

1. International Specialization: International trade enables to specialize in the production of

those goods in which each country has special advantages. Some countries are rich in minerals

and in hydroelectric power. Some are blessed with extensive land but have very little population.

In the absence of trade, every country will be forced to produce all types of goods, even those for

which they do not have facilities for production. International trade, on the other hand, will

enable each country to specialize in the commodities in which it has absolute or comparative

advantages. Thus, international trade brings about specialization and also all other advantages

associated with such specialization.

2. Increased Production and Higher Standard of Living: It is well known that specializationleads to the following:

Best utilization of resources.

Concentration on the production of goods in which they have advantages.


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Saving of time and energy in production and perfecting the skills in production.

Inventing and using new techniques of production.

All these indicate one basis advantage viz., increased production. Increased production will alsomean higher standard of living for people in both the countries.

3. Availability of Scarce Materials: International trade is the only method by which a country

can supplement its storage of resources or certain essential materials. There is no country in the

world which has all the resources it requires. At the same time, there are some countries which

have been blessed by nature with some rare materials. International trade ensures equal

access to raw materials for all countries.

4. Equalization of Prices between Countries: An important gain of international trade or the

effect of it is the tendency of internationally traded goods to have the same price everywhere.

Through international trade, supply is increased in the importing country and thereby the prices

are reduced.


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pg. 16

TRENDS IN INDIA'S FOREIGN TRADE POLICY


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Indias Trade Performance

Indias merchandise exports reached a level of US $ 251.14 billion during 2010-11 registering a

growth of 40.49 percent as compared to a negative growth of 3.53 percent during the previous

year. Indias export sector has exhibited remarkable resilience and dynamis m in the recent

years. Despite the recent setback faced by Indias export sector due to global slowdown,

merchandise exports recorded a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 20.0 per cent from

2004-05 to 2010-11.

Indias merchandise exports reached a level of US $ 304.62 billion during 2011-12 registering a

growth of 21.30 percent as compared to a growth of 40.49 percent during the previous year.

Despite the recent setback faced by Indias export sector due to global slowdown, merchandise

exports still recorded a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 20.3 per cent from 2004-05

to 2011-12.

World Trade Scenario

As per IMFs World Economic Outlook January, 2013, the volume of world trade (goods and

services) in 2012 slowed down to 2.8 per cent compared to the 5.9 per cent achieved in 2011.

As per IMF projections, growth in the volume of world trade is expected to rise to 3.8 per cent

in 2013.The IMF has put its growth projections of world output at 3.5 per cent in 2013. The

advanced economies are expected to grow at 1.4 per cent while the emerging and developing

economies to grow at 5.5 per cent in 2013. The projected growth rates in different countries are

expected to determine the markets for our exports.

As per WTOs International Trade Statistics, 2012, in merchandise trade, India is the 19th

largest exporter in the world with a share of 1.7 per cent and the 12th largest importer with ashare of 2.5 per cent in 2011.


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Exports

Indias merchandise exports reached a level of US$ 178.7 billion during 2009-10 registering a

negative growth of 3.5 percent as compared to a growth of 13.6 percent during the previous year.

Notwithstanding the deceleration of the growth in 2009-2010, Indias export sector has exhibited

remarkable resilience and dynamism in recent years. Our merchandise exports recorded a

compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.0 per cent during the five year period from 2004-05

to 2008-09 as compared to the preceding five years when exports increased by a lower CAGR of

14.0 per cent. According to latest WTO data (2009), Indias share in the world merchandise

exports increased from 0.8 per cent in 2004 to 1.3 per cent in 2008. India also improved its

ranking among the leading exporters in world merchandise trade from

30th in 2004 to 21st in 2009. Indias exports have not been affected to the same extent as that of

other economies of the world during the phase of global slowdown. After declining consistently

for the first seven months of the year 2009-10, Indias exports reversed the trend in October,

2009 by registering a positive growth of 3.4%. The upward trend has been maintained since then

wherein exports grew at the rate of 30.0 % in November 2009; 20.3% in December, 2009, 18.7%

in January, 2010, 34.8% in February, 2010; 54.1 % in March 2010, 38.5 % in April 2010, 30.1 %

in May 2010, 43.8% in June 2010, 11.7 % in July 2010, 22.5% The Government had set an

export target of US$ 175 billion for 2009-10. With merchandise exports reaching US$ 178.7billion in 2009-10, the actual exports exceeded the target by 2.1 per cent which is a remarkable

achievement during a period of recession in Indias major export destinations.

During 2010-11 (Apr-Dec) exports reached a level of US$ 164.7 billion registering a growth of

29.5 per cent with almost all the major commodity groups making positive growth. Only seven

(7) commodities showed negative growth viz. Tea (1.95), Cashew (7.73), Fruits & Vegetables

(28.03), Iron Ore (93.14), Computer Software (92.73), Petroleum Products (13.50) and

Handicrafts (excl. Handmade carpets) (56.90).


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Exports recorded a growth of 21.30 per cent during Apr-Mar 2011-12. The Government has set

an export target of US $ 360 billion for 2012-13. The merchandise exports have reached US $

265.95 billion in 2012-13 (Apr.-Feb.). Export target and achievement from 2004-05 to 2011-12

and 2012-13 (Apr.-Feb.) is given in the below:

Imports

Cumulative value of imports during 2012-13 (Apr.-Feb.) was US $ 448.04 billion as against US

$ 446.94 billion during the corresponding period of the previous year registering a growth of

0.25 per cent in $ terms. Oil imports were valued at US $ 155.57 billion during 2012-13 (Apr.-

Feb.) which was 11.92 per cent higher than oil imports valued US $ 139.00 billion in thecorresponding period of previous year. Non-oil imports were valued at US $ 292.47 billion

during 2012-13 (Apr.-Feb.) which was 5.03 per cent lower than non-oil imports of US $ 307.94

billion in previous year.


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Trade Balance

The Trade deficit in 2012-13 (Apr.-Feb.) was estimated at US $ billion 182.09 which was

higher than the deficit of US $ 169.81 billion during 2011-12 (Apr.-Feb.). Performance of

Exports, Imports and Balance of Trade during 2004-05 to 2012-13 (April-Feb.) is given in the

table below

(Values in Rs crores)

S.No

Year Exports %Growth Imports %Growth TradeBalance

1 2004-2005 3,75,340 27.94 5,01,065 39.53 -1,25,7252 2005-2006 4,56,418 21.60 6,60,409 31.80 -2,03,9913 2006-2007 5,71,779 25.28 8,40,506 27.27 -2,68,7274 2007-2008 6,55,864 14.71 10,12,312 20.44 -3,56,4485 2008-2009 8,40,755 28.19 13,74,436 35.77 -5,33,6806 2009-2010 8,45,534 0.57 13,63,736 -0.78 -5,18,2027 2010-2011 11,42,922 35.17 16,83,467 23.45 -5,40,5458 2011-2012(Provisional) 14,59,281 27.68 23,44,772 39.28 -8,85,4929 2011-12 (April-February) Press

Release13,20,836 21,32,198 -8,11,362

10 2012-13 (April-February) PressRelease

14,46,627 9.52 24,36,564 14.27 -9,89,938

(Values in US$ Millions)S.No.

Year Exports %Growth Imports %Growth TradeBalance

1 2004-2005 83,536 30.85 1,11,517 42.70 -27,9812 2005-2006 1,03,091 23.41 1,49,166 33.76 -46,0753 2006-2007 1,26,414 22.62 1,85,735 24.52 -59,3214 2007-2008 1,63,132 29.05 2,51,654 35.49 -88,522

5 2008-2009 1,85,295 13.59 3,03,696 20.68 -1,18,4016 2009-2010 1,78,751 -3.53 2,88,373 -5.05 -1,09,6217 2010-2011 2,51,136 40.49 3,69,769 28.23 -1,18,6338 2011-2012(Provisional) 3,04,624 21.30 4,89,181 32.29 -1,84,5589 2011-12 (April-February) Press

Release2,77,125 4,46,939 -1,69,814

10 2012-13 (April-February) PressRelease

2,65,946 -4.03 4,48,037 0.25 -1,82,090


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Foreign Trade Policy, 2009-14

The Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) 2009-14 was announced on 27th August, 2009 in the backdrop

of a fall in Indias exports due to global slowdown. The short term objective of FTP (2009-14)

was to arrest and reverse the declining trend of exports as well as to provide additional support

especially to those sectors which were hit badly by recession in the developed world. The

Policy envisaged an annual export growth of 15 per cent with an annual export target of US$

200 billion by March 2011 and to come back on the high export growth path of around 25 per

cent per annum in the remaining three years of this Foreign Trade Policy i.e. up to 2014. The

long term policy objective for the Government is to double Indias share in global trade by

2020. Subsequently, an Annual Supplement 2010-11 to the FTP (2009-14) was announced on

23rd August, 2010. In this Supplement further measures to enhance exports have beenelaborated. Further measures were announced on 11th February 2011. (Details are available in

Chapter 3).

Exports of Principal Commodities

Disaggregated data on exports of Principal Commodities, both in Rupee and Dollar terms,

available for the period 2012-13 (April- January) as compared with the corresponding period of

the previous year are given in Appendix at Table 3.1 and Table 3.2 respectively. Exports of the

top five commodities during the period 2012-13 (April-January) registered a share of 50.8 per

cent in US $ terms mainly due to significant contribution in the exports of Petroleum (Crude &

Products), Gems & Jewellery, Transport Equipments, Machinery and Instruments and Drugs,

Pharmaceuticals & Fine Chemicals. The share of top five Principal Commodity Groups in

Indias total exports during 2012-13 (April-January) is given at Chart shown below.


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The export performance (in terms of growth in US $ terms) of top five commodities during

2012-13 (April-January) vis-a-vis the corresponding period of the previous year is shown in

Chart shown below.


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pg. 23

Plantation Crops

Export of Plantation crops during 2012-13 (AprilJanuary), decreased by 9.95 per cent in US $

terms compared with the corresponding period of the previous year. Export of Coffee registered

a negative growth of 11.44 per cent, the value decreasing from US $ 741.05 million to US $

656.26 million. Export of Tea also decreased by 8.50 per cent.

Agriculture and Allied Products

Agriculture and Allied Products as a group include Cereals, Pulses, Tobacco, Spices, Nuts and

Seeds, Oil Meals, Guargum Meals, Castor Oil, Shellac, Sugar & Molasses, Processed Food,

Meat & Meat Products, etc. During 2012-13 (AprilJanuary), exports of commodities under this

group registered a growth of 27.57 per cent with the value of exports increasing from US $

21353.59 million in the previous year to US $ 27240.35 million during the current year.

Ores and Minerals

Exports of Ores and Minerals were estimated at US $ 4389.03 million during 2012-13 (April-

January) registering a negative growth of 35.48 per cent over the same period of the previous

year. Sub groups viz. Iron Ore, Mica, Other ores & minerals and Coal have recorded a negative

growth of 64.99 per cent, 0.80 per cent, 9.46 per cent and 5.24 percent respectively. Processed

minerals registered a growth of 12.14 per cent.

Leather and Leather Manufactures

Export of Leather and Leather Manufactures recorded a negative growth of 2.22 per cent during

2012-13 (April-January). The value of exports decreased to US $ 3973.92 million from US $

4064.33 million during the same period of the previous year. Exports of Leather and


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Manufactures have registered a growth of 3.98 per cent and Leather Footwear registered a

negative growth of 10.01 per cent.

Gems and Jewelers

The export of Gems and Jewellery during 2012-13(April-January) decreased to US $ 34758.78

million from US $ 38755.30 million during the corresponding period of last year showing a


Chemicals and Related Products

During the period 2012-13 (April-January), the value of exports of Chemicals and Related

Products increased to US $ 34686.90 million from US $ 32319.14 million during the same

period of the previous year registering a growth of 7.33 per cent. Basic Chemicals and

Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics and Rubber, Glass & Other Products have registered a positive

growth and Residual Chemicals and allied products and Plastic & linoleum registered a negative

growth.

Engineering Goods

Items under this group consist of Machinery, Iron & Steel and Other Engineering items. Export

from this sector during the period 2012-13(April-January) stood at US $ 45543.37 million

compared with US $ 47966.60 million during the same period of the previous year, registering a

negative growth of 5.05 per cent. The growth in export of Other Engineering items stood at 5.78

per cent, Machinery & Instruments stood at 3.53 per cent and Machine Tools stood at 4.59 per

cent.


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pg. 25

Electronic Goods

During the period 2012-13 (April-January), exports of Electronic Goods as a group was

estimated at US $ 7102.84 million compared with US $ 7441.50 million during the

corresponding period of last year, registering a negative growth of 4.55 per cent.

Textiles

During the period 2012-13 (April-January), the value of Textiles exports was estimated at US $

21200.12 million compared with US $ 22447.75 million in the corresponding period of the

previous year, recording a negative growth of 5.56 per cent. The export of Readymade

Garments, Manmade Textiles & Made Ups, Natural Silk Textiles, Wool and Woolen

manufactures, Coir and coir manufactures and Jute manufactures registered negative growth of

7.80 per cent, 12.61 per cent, 23.34 per cent, 19.98 per cent, 7.18 per cent and 16.37 per cent

respectively. However, Cotton yarn/Fabrics/Made-ups etc. registered a positive growth of 6.38

per cent.

Handicrafts and Carpets

Exports of Handicrafts declined to US $ 180.51 million during 2012-13 (April- January), from

US $ 214.84 million during the corresponding period of the previous year registering a negative

growth of 15.98 per cent. Export of carpets increased to US $ 812.17 million from US $ 699.26

million during the same period last year registering a growth of 16.15 per cent.

Project GoodsDuring 2012-13 (April-January), the export of Project Goods were estimated at US $ 87.70

million compared with US $ 44.10 million during the corresponding period of last year

registering a substantial growth of 98.88 per cent.


26/48

pg. 26

Petroleum Products

Export of Petroleum Products increased to US $ 48613.38 million during 2012-13 (April-

January), as compared with US $ 46489.12 million during the same period of last year

recording a growth of 4.57 per cent.

Cotton Raw including Waste

There was a negative growth in the exports of Cotton Raw including waste by 21.13 per cent

from US $ 3326.67 million in 2011-12 (April-January) to US $ 2623.68 million during 2012-13

(April-January).

Imports of Principal Commodities

Disaggregated data on imports of principal commodities, both in Rupee and Dollar terms,

available for the period 2012-13 (AprilJanuary), as compared to the corresponding period of

the previous year are given in Appendix at Table 3.5 and Table 3.6 respectively. Imports of thetop five commodities during the period 2012-13 (April-January) registered a share of 61.8 per

cent mainly due to significant imports of Petroleum (Crude & Products), Gold, Electronic

Goods, Machinery except electrical and electronic and Pearls, precious and semi-precious

stones.

The share of top five Principal Commodity in Indias total imports during 2012-13 (April

January) is given at Chart below.


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pg. 27

The import performance by growth of top five Principal commodities during 2012-13 (April

January) vis-a-vis the corresponding period of the previous year is shown at Chart below.

Fertilizers

During 2012-13 (April January), import of Fertilizers (manufactured) decreased to US $

6991.61 million from US $ 8718.13 million in April-January 2011-12 recording a negative

growth of 19.80 per cent.


28/48

pg. 28

Petroleum Crude & Products

The import of Petroleum Crude & Products stood at US $ 140729.62 million during 2012-13

April - January as against US $ 125871.43 million during the same period of the previous year

registering a growth of 11.80 per cent.

Pearls, Precious and Semi-Precious Stones

Import of Pearls, Precious and Semi-Precious Stones during 2012-13 (April January)

decreased to US $ 17696.44 million from US $ 26339.27 million during the corresponding

period of the previous year registering a substantial decline of 32.81 per cent.

Capital Goods

Import of Capital Goods, largely comprises of Machinery, including Transport Equipment and

Electrical Machinery. Import of Machine Tools, Non-Electrical Machinery, and Electrical

Machinery registered a negative growth of 4.67 per cent, 6.94 per cent, 6.45 per cent

respectively and Transport Equipment registered a positive growth of 0.04 per cent.

Organic and Inorganic Chemicals

During 2012-13 (AprilJanuary), import of Organic and Inorganic Chemicals increased to US $

16116.77 million from US $ 15837.29 million during the same period of last year, registering a

growth of 1.76 per cent. Import of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Products increased to US $2550.01 million from US $ 2446.88 million during the corresponding period of last year

registering a growth of 4.21 per cent


29/48

pg. 29

Coal, Coke & Briquettes

During 2012-13 (AprilJanuary), import of Coal, Coke & Briquettes decreased to US $

13301.43 million from US $ 14851.58 million during the same period of last year, registering a


Gold & Silver

During 2012-13 (AprilJanuary) import of Gold and Silver decreased to US $ 46769.39 million

from US $ 51751.03 million during the corresponding period of the previous year registering a


Direction of Indias Foreign Trade

The value of Indias exports and imports from major regions/ countries both in Rupee and

Dollar terms are given in Appendix at Table 3.3, 3.4, 3.7 and 3.8 respectively. Share of major

destinations of Indias Exports and sources of Imports during 2012-13 (April January) are

given in Chart respectively.


30/48

pg. 30

During the period 2012-13 (AprilJanuary), the share of Asia comprising of East Asia, ASEAN,

West Asia, Other West Asia, North East Asia and South Asia accounted for 50.78 per cent of

Indias total exports in US $ terms. The share of Europe and America in Indias exports stood at

18.88 per cent and 18.77 per cent respectively of which EU countries (27) comprises 16.99 per

cent. During the period, USA (12.89 per cent) has been the most important country of export

destination followed by UAE (12.20 per cent), Singapore (4.79 percent), China (4.59 per cent)

and Hong Kong (3.95 per cent).

Asia accounted for 60.08 per cent of Indias total imports during the period followed by Europ e

(17.39 per cent) and America (11.64 per cent). Among individual countries the share of China

stood highest at (11.21 per cent) followed by UAE (7.67 per cent), Saudi Arabia (6.78 per cent),

Switzerland (6.01 per cent) and USA (5.00 per cent).


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pg. 31

Findings & Conclusions

During the first phase of international trade policy of India the volume of Exports and Imports

were less, due to the restrictive trade policy was followed by Indian Govt.(i.e. 1950-51 to 1969-

70) * In the pre-reform period Indias trade has increased, due to the liberalisation policy

adopted by the govt. Of India.* In the post-reform period Indias trade has increased

significantly because of LPG.

*Indias trade balance is always negative because of volume of imports are greater than

exports,so the govt. Of India should frame such policy which boost the volume * of exports,

ultimately it helps to transform negative trade balance into positive trade balance * The volume

of imports were always remained high, so it is necessary to curtail the imports of un necessary

goods and luxurious goods , which in turn help to maintain positive trade balance. * The govt of

India must frame such policies which induces the promotions of exports from all the sectors of

the economy


32/48

pg. 32

EXPORTS

Export of Principal Commodities Groups for YR 2004-2005

Top 10 Countries of Export for YR 2004-2005

Values in Rs. Crores

RANK COUNTRIES Apr-Mar 2004 Apr-Mar 2005 %Growth %Share

1 U S A 52,798.54 61,851.55 17.15 16.48

2 U ARAB EMTS 23,552.85 33,015.13 40.17 8.80

3 CHINA P RP 13,579.06 25,232.97 85.82 6.72

4 SINGAPORE 9,763.93 17,975.35 84.10 4.79

5 HONG KONG 14,988.52 16,587.91 10.67 4.42

6 U K 13,892.31 16,539.71 19.06 4.41

7 GERMANY 11,692.62 12,698.75 8.60 3.38

8 BELGIUM 8,297.56 11,276.48 35.90 3.009 ITALY 7,946.88 10,271.29 29.25 2.74

10 JAPAN 7,854.45 9,561.02 21.73 2.55

Total 293,366.75 375,339.50 27.94 100.00

Commodity Apr-Mar Apr-Mar %Growth %Share

A

PLANTATION 2,723.26 2,909.38 6.83 0.78

B

AGRI & ALLIED PRDTS 24,844.48 28,276.93 13.82 7.53C

MARINE PRODUCTS 6,105.63 6,469.22 5.95 1.72

D

ORES & MINERALS 10,884.62 22,818.77 109.64 6.08

E

LEATHER & MNFRS 9,939.43 10,880.57 9.47 2.90

F) GEMS & JEWELLERY 48,586.07 61,833.71 27.27 16.47

G

SPORTS GOODS 455.48 459.60 0.90 0.12

H

CHEMICALS & RELATED PRODUCTS 45,768.06 59,148.06 29.23 15.76

I) ENGINEERING GOODS 48,324.44 69,118.23 43.03 18.41

J) ELECTRONIC GOODS 8,293.86 8,493.43 2.41 2.26

K

PROJECT GOODS 386.58 337.03 -12.82 0.09

L)

TEXTILES

56,082.22

58,044.73

3.50

15.46M

HANDICRAFTS 2,296.13 1,695.79 -26.15 0.45

N

CARPETS 2,691.23 2,859.58 6.26 0.76

O

COTTON RAW INCL WASTE 942.37 422.58 -55.16 0.11

P

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 16,397.44 31,404.15 91.52 8.37

Q

UNCLASSIFIED EXPORTS 8,645.46 10,167.77 17.61 2.71

Total 293,366.75 375,339.50 27.94 100.00


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pg. 33



Commodi

Apr-Mar 2005 Apr-Mar 2006 %Growth %Share

A) PLANTATION 2,909.38 3,319.41 14.09 0.73

B) AGRI & ALLIED PRDTS 28,276.93 31,960.37 13.03 7.00C

MARINE PRODUCTS 6,469.22 7,035.91 8.76 1.54

D

ORES & MINERALS 22,818.77 27,288.34 19.59 5.98

E) LEATHER & MNFRS 10,880.57 11,943.45 9.77 2.62

F) GEMS & JEWELLERY 61,833.71 68,752.59 11.19 15.06

G

SPORTS GOODS 459.60 595.87 29.65 0.13

H




K) PROJECT GOODS 337.03 654.81 94.29 0.14

L) TEXTILES 58,044.73 68,823.32 18.57 15.08M

HANDICRAFTS 1,695.79 2,045.34 20.61 0.45

N

CARPETS 2,859.58 3,774.55 32.00 0.83

O

COTTON RAW INCL WASTE 422.58 2,904.35 587.29 0.64

P


Q


Total 375,339.50 456,417.88 21.60 100.00



RANK Country Apr-Mar 2005 Apr-Mar 2006 %Growth %Share

1 U S A 61,851.55 76,828.09 24.21 16.83

2 U ARAB EMTS 33,015.13 38,038.85 15.22 8.33

3 CHINA P RP 25,232.97 29,924.91 18.59 6.56

4 SINGAPORE 17,975.35 24,019.65 33.63 5.26

5 U K 16,539.71 22,399.21 35.43 4.91

6 HONG KONG 16,587.91 19,796.10 19.34 4.34

7 GERMANY 12,698.75 15,877.02 25.03 3.48

8 BELGIUM 11,276.48 12,711.96 12.73 2.799 ITALY 10,271.29 11,152.67 8.58 2.44

10 JAPAN 9,561.02 10,985.39 14.90 2.41

Total 375,339.50 456,417.88 21.60 100.00


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pg. 34





Rank Country Apr-Mar 2006 Apr-Mar 2007 %Growth %Share1 U S A 76,828.

85,368.

11.12 14.93

2 U ARAB EMTS 38,038.

54,444.

43.13 9.523 CHINA P RP 29,924.

37,529.

25.41 6.56

4 SINGAPORE 24,019.

27,461.

14.33 4.805 U K 22,399.

25,421.

13.49 4.45

6 HONG KONG 19,796.

21,179.

6.99 3.70

7 GERMANY 15,877. 18,007. 13.42 3.158 ITALY 11,152.

16,212.

45.37 2.849 BELGIUM 12,711.

15,721.

23.68 2.75

10 JAPAN 10,985.

12,953.

17.92 2.27

Total 456,417.

571,779.

25.28 100.00

Commodi Apr-Mar 2006 Apr-Mar 2007 %Growth %ShareA) PLANTATION 3,319.41 3,938.51 18.65 0.69

B) AGRI & ALLIED PRDTS 31,960.37 39,344.68 23.10 6.88

C

MARINE PRODUCTS 7,035.91 8,001.04 13.72 1.40

D

ORES & MINERALS 27,288.34 31,685.96 16.12 5.54

E) LEATHER & MNFRS 11,943.45 13,650.38 14.29 2.39

F) GEMS & JEWELLERY 68,752.59 72,295.17 5.15 12.64

G

SPORTS GOODS 595.87 573.54 -3.75 0.10

H



J) ELECTRONIC GOODS 10,039.90 13,292.73 32.40 2.32K) PROJECT GOODS 654.81 622.43 -4.94 0.11

L

TEXTILES 68,823.32 74,391.06 8.09 13.01

M

HANDICRAFTS 2,045.34 1,981.91 -3.10 0.35

N

CARPETS 3,774.55 4,199.09 11.25 0.73

O

COTTON RAW INCL WASTE 2,904.35 6,107.81 110.30 1.07

P


Q


Total 456,417.88 571,779.25 25.28 100.00


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pg. 35



Commodity Apr-Mar 2007 Apr-Mar 2008 %Growth %Share

A

PLANTATION 3,938.51 3,906.44 -0.81 0.60

B AGRI & ALLIED PRDTS 39,344.68 54,510.53 38.55 8.31C

MARINE PRODUCTS 8,001.04 6,926.67 -13.43 1.06

D

ORES & MINERALS 31,685.96 36,716.93 15.88 5.60

E

LEATHER & MNFRS 13,650.38 14,101.30 3.30 2.15

F

GEMS & JEWELLERY 72,295.17 79,227.74 9.59 12.08

G

SPORTS GOODS 573.54 539.94 -5.86 0.08

H




K

PROJECT GOODS 622.43 584.06 -6.16 0.09

L) TEXTILES 74,391.06 74,399.19 0.01 11.34M

HANDICRAFTS 1,981.91 2,046.21 3.24 0.31

N

CARPETS 4,199.09 3,797.91 -9.55 0.58

O

COTTON RAW INCL WASTE 6,107.81 8,865.39 45.15 1.35

P


Q

UNCLASSIFIED EXPORTS 13,942.50 16,158.71 15.90 2

Total 571,779.25 655,863.50 14.71 100



Rank Country Apr-Mar 2007 Apr-Mar 2008 %Growth %Share

1 U S A 85,368.48 83,388.07 -2.32 12.71

2 U ARAB EMTS 54,444.98 62,915.03 15.56 9.59

3 CHINA P RP 37,529.78 43,597.41 16.17 6.65

4 SINGAPORE 27,461.61 29,662.23 8.01 4.52

5 U K 25,421.29 26,967.48 6.08 4.11

6 HONG KONG 21,179.38 25,385.25 19.86 3.87

7 NETHERLAND 12,082.48 21,038.46 74.12 3.21

8 GERMANY 18,007.23 20,598.93 14.39 3.14

9 BELGIUM 15,721.71 16,943.10 7.77 2.58

10 ITALY 16,212.43 15,748.13 -2.86 2.40Total 571,779.25 655,863.50 14.71 100.00




36/48

pg. 36

Commodity Apr-Mar 2008 Apr-Mar 2009(P) %Growth %Share

A) PLANTATION 3,906.44 4,943.39 26.54 0.59

B) AGRI & ALLIED PRDTS 54,510.53 65,769.38 20.65 7.83

C) MARINE PRODUCTS 6,926.67 7,064.11 1.98 0.84

D) ORES & MINERALS 36,716.93 35,874.05 -2.30 4.27

E) LEATHER & MNFRS 14,101.30 16,351.11 15.95 1.95F) GEMS & JEWELLERY 79,227.74 127,424.33 60.83 15.17

G) SPORTS GOODS 539.94 660.12 22.26 0.08

H) CHEMICALS & RELATED PRODUCTS 90,040.06 109,592.65 21.72 13.05



K) PROJECT GOODS 584.06 626.05 7.19 0.07

L) TEXTILES 74,399.19 88,498.38 18.95 10.54

M) HANDICRAFTS 2,046.21 1,375.48 -32.78 0.16

N) CARPETS 3,797.91 3,564.09 -6.16 0.42

O) COTTON RAW INCL WASTE 8,865.39 2,865.85 -67.67 0.34P) PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 114,191.68 123,397.98 8.06 14.69

Q) UNCLASSIFIED EXPORTS 16,158.71 35,213.45 117.92 4.19

Total 655,863.50 839,977.94 28.07 100.00



Rank Country Apr-Mar 2008 Apr-Mar 09(P) %Growth %Share

1 U ARAB EMTS 62,915.03 110,021.10 74.87 13.10

2 U S A 83,388.07 95,750.58 14.83 11.40

3 CHINA P RP 43,597.41 42,661.32 -2.15 5.08

4 SINGAPORE 29,662.23 37,746.56 27.25 4.49

5 HONG KONG 25,385.25 30,639.15 20.70 3.65

6 U K 26,967.48 30,330.95 2.47 3.61

7 GERMANY 20,598.93 29,177.71 41.65 3.47

8 NETHERLAND 21,038.46 28,883.16 37.29 3.44

9 SAUDI ARAB 14,922.55 22,941.17 53.73 2.73

10 UNSPECIFIED 1,467.74 20,321.50 1,284.54 2.42

Total 655,863.50 839,977.94 28.07 100.00

Trends in exports

S.No Commodit Apr-Mar 2004 Apr-Mar 2009(P) % Growth % Share


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pg. 37

A) PLANTATION 2,723.26 4,943.

81.52 0.58B) AGRI & ALLIED PRDTS 24,844.48 65,769.

164.72 7.82

C) MARINE PRODUCTS 6,105.63 7,064.

15.69 0.84D) ORES & MINERALS 10,884.62 35,874.

229.58 4.27

E) LEATHER & MNFRS 9,939.43 16,351.

64.50 1.94

F) GEMS & JEWELLERY 48,586.07 127,424. 162.26 15.16G) SPORTS GOODS 455.48 660.

44.92 0.07H) CHEMICALS & RELATED 45,768.06 109,592.

139.45 13.04

I) ENGINEERING GOODS 48,324.44 183,975.

280.70 21.90J) ELECTRONIC GOODS 8,293.86 32,781.

295.25 3.90

K) PROJECT GOODS 386.58 626.

61.94 0.07L) TEXTILES 56,082.22 88,498.

57.80 10.53

M) HANDICRAFTS 2,296.13 1,375.

-40.09 0.16N) CARPETS 2,691.23 3,564.

32.43 0.42

O) COTTON RAW INCL 942.37 2,865.

204.11 0.34

P) PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 16,397.44 123,397. 652.54 14.6Q) UNCLASSIFIED EXPORTS 8,645.46 35,213.

307.30 4.19Total 293,366.75 839,977.

186.32 100

Trends in export

We will consider only the top 5 commodity group as it constitutes 75.23% of total exports.

1. ENGINEERING GOODS:-

Export of items under this group comprising Manufactures of Metals, Machinery and

Instruments, Primary and Semi-finished Iron & Steel and Transport Equipment. This sector saw

a growth rate of 13.04% over past 6 years which is nominal seeing to the growth of Indian

economy.

2. GEMS & JEWELLERY:-

This part saw a nominal growth of 15.16%.


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pg. 38

3. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS: -

This section consists of re-export of processed goods of crude petroleum. This section

constitutes a good portion of Indian exports to great surprise. It growed by 14.6%.

4. CHEMICALS & RELATED PRODUCTS:-

Three out of the four sub-groups under this head viz. Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals &

Cosmetics, Plastics & Linoleum, Rubber, and Glass. This section saw a nominal growth of

13.04%.

5. TEXTILES:

This section mainly comprises of:-

1. Wool

2. silk

3. jute,etc

This section saw a growth of 10.53%.

6. HANDICRAFT:-

Another interesting section to discuss here is the handicraft section which saw a decline which is

opposite to all other sections. This section includes Metal Art ware, Textiles (hand printed),

Wood wares and Zari goods. It saw a decline of 40.09% this may be due to the reason that it

highly depends upon the taste and preference which may change with time and region so that

might be the possible reason for such an abrupt behavior.


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pg. 39

IMPORTS

Import of Principal Commodities Groups for YR 2004-2005


Commodity Apr-Mar 2004 Apr-Mar 2005 %Growth %ShareA) BULK IMPORTS 134,451.00 190,393.36 41.61 38.00

B) PEARLS, PRECIOUS &SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES

32,757.32 42,337.70 29.25 8.45

C) MACHINERY 42,752.62 58,234.16 36.21 11.62

D) PROJECT GOODS 1,819.62 2,678.94 47.23 0.53

E) OTHERS 147,327.10 207,420.39 40.79 41.40

Total 359,107.66 501,064.56 39.53 100.00

Top 10 Countries of Import for YR 2004-2005



1 UNSPECIFIED 95,366.52 120,794.15 26.66 24.12 CHINA P RP 18,625.14 31,892.31 71.23 6.33 U S A 23,135.83 31,458.13 35.97 6.24 SWITZERLAND 15,222.52 26,688.96 75.33 5.35 U ARAB EMTS 9,465.27 20,853.17 120.31 4.16 BELGIUM 18,269.86 20,618.70 12.86 4.17 GERMANY 13,411.24 18,041.56 34.53 3.68 AUSTRALIA 12,173.59 17,184.18 41.16 3.49 U K 14,862.26 16,023.45 7.81 3.210 KOREA RP 13,000.48 15,765.42 21.27 3.1Total 359,107.66 501,064.56 39.53 100.0


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pg. 40



Commodity Apr-Mar 2005 Apr-Mar 2006 %Growth %Share

A) BULK IMPORTS 190,393.36 270,075.83 41.85 40.90


42,337.70 40,441.28 -4.48 6.12

C) MACHINERY 58,234.16 94,872.68 62.92 14.37

D) PROJECT GOODS 2,678.94 3,908.05 45.88 0.59

E) OTHERS 207,420.39 251,111.05 21.06 38.02

Total 501,064.56 660,408.88 31.80 100.00



Rank Country Apr-Mar 2005 Apr-Mar %Growth %Shar1 UNSPECIFIED 120,794.15 109,830

-9.08 16.

2 Trade to Unspecified Countries 15,626.00 86,218.00 451.76 13.06

3 CHINA P RP 31,892.31 48,116

50.87 7.4 U S A 31,458.13 41,859

33.06 6.

5 SWITZERLAND 26,688.96 29,024

8.75 4.6 GERMANY 18,041.56 26,668

47.82 4.

7 AUSTRALIA 17,184.18 21,906

27.48 3.

8 BELGIUM 20,618.70 20,919 1.46 3. 9 KOREA RP 15,765.42 20,205

28.17 3.10 U ARAB EMTS 20,853.17 19,277

-7.56 2.

Total 501,064.56 660,408

31.80 100.


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pg. 41



Commodity

Apr-Mar 2006

Apr-Mar 2007

%Growth

%Share

A) BULK IMPORTS 270,075.83 380,740.54 40.98 45.30

B)PEARLS, PRECIOUS & SEMI-

PRECIOUS STONES 40,441.28 33,880.67 -16.22 4.03

C) MACHINERY 94,872.68 120,952.44 27.49 14.39

D) PROJECT GOODS 3,908.05 8,126.46 107.94 0.97

E) OTHERS 251,111.05 296,806.21 18.20 35.31

Total 660,408.88 840,506.31 27.27 100.00




1 CHINA P RP 48,116.65 79,008.61 64.20 9.40

2 SAUDI ARAB 7,226.93 60,561.50 738.00 7.21

3 U S A 41,859.46 53,105.41 26.87 6.32

4 SWITZERLAND 29,024.82 41,283.17 42.23 4.91

5 U ARAB EMTS 19,277.04 39,174.95 103.22 4.66

6 IRAN 3,110.05 34,515.48 1,009.80 4.11

7 GERMANY 26,668.73 34,146.75 28.04 4.06

8 NIGERIA 320.82 31,796.52 9,811.04 3.78

9 AUSTRALIA 21,906.15 31,710.90 44.76 3.77

10 KUWAIT 2,044.79 27,114.18 1,226.01 3.23

Total 660,408.88 840,506.31 27.27 100.00


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pg. 42



Commodity Apr-Mar 2007 Apr-Mar 2008 %Growth %ShareA) BULK IMPORTS 380,740.54 451,341.89 18.54 44.59


33,880.67 32,094.27 -5.27 3.17

C) MACHINERY 120,952.44 181,376.64 49.96 17.92

D) PROJECT GOODS 8,126.46 5,207.90 -35.91 0.51

E) OTHERS 296,806.21 342,291.00 15.32 33.81

Total 840,506.31 1,012,311.75 20.44 100.00




1 CHINA P RP 79,008.61 109,116.1

38.11 10.78

2 U S A 53,105.41 84,625.1

59.35 8.3

3 SAUDI ARAB 60,561.50 78,110.3

28.98 7.7

4 U ARAB EMTS 39,174.95 54,233.2

38.44 5.3

5 IRAN 34,515.48 43,945.9

27.32 4.3

6 GERMANY 34,146.75 39,736.0

16.37 3.9

7 SWITZERLAND 41,283.17 39,570.8

-4.15 3.9

8 SINGAPORE 24,839.97 32,682.1

31.57 3.2

9 AUSTRALIA 31,710.90 31,552.0

-0.50 3.1

10 KUWAIT 27,114.18 30,959.9

14.18 3.0

Total 840,506.31 1,012,311.7

20.44 100.00


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pg. 43

Import of Principal Commodities Groups for YR 2008-2009(P)


Commodity Apr-Mar 2008 Apr-Mar 2009(P) %Growth %ShareA) BULK IMPORTS 451,341.89 620,105.80 37.39 46.26

B)PEARLS, PRECIOUS &

SEMI-PRECIOUS32,094.27 66,410.18 106.92 4.95

C) MACHINERY 181,376.64 183,033.69 0.91 13.65

D) PROJECT GOODS 5,207.90 14,383.74 176.19 1.07

E) OTHERS 342,291.00 456,654.36 33.41 34.06

Total 1,012,311.75 1,340,587.75 32.43 100.00

Top 10 Countries of Import for YR 2008-2009(P)


Rank Country Apr-Mar 2008 Apr-Mar 2009(P) %Growth %Share

1 CHINA P RP 109,116.11 144,114.78 32.07 10.75

2 U ARAB EMTS 54,233.20 94,768.04 74.74 7.07

3 SAUDI ARAB 78,110.31 89,654.59 14.78 6.69

4 U S A 84,625.13 83,537.24 -1.29 6.23

5 IRAN 43,945.93 55,806.96 26.99 4.16

6 GERMANY 39,736.04 53,785.86 35.36 4.01

7 SWITZERLAND 39,570.82 52,649.41 33.05 3.93

8 KUWAIT 30,959.93 43,199.45 39.53 3.229 NIGERIA 30,662.91 39,995.41 30.44 2.98

10 KOREA RP 24,307.91 39,514.39 62.56 2.95

Total 1,012,311.75 1,340,587.75 32.43 100.00


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pg. 44

Trends in import

S.No Commodity Apr-Mar 2004 Apr-Mar 2009(P) %Growth %ShareA) BULK IMPORTS 134,451.00 620,105.80 361.21 46.25

B) PEARLS, 32,757.32 66,410.18102.73 4.95C) MACHINERY 42,752.62 183,033.69 328.12 13.65

D) PROJECT GOODS 1,819.62 14,383.74 690.48 1.07

E) OTHERS 147,327.10 456,654.36 209.95 34.06Total 359,107.66 1,340,587.75 273.31 100

Trends in import

The Indian import saw a increment of 273.31% over a period of 6 years (including projectionsfor year 2009) this an massive increment as the oil & petroleum products saw a massive growth

on account of increasing energy demand of the country also fertilizer, sugar and other bulk goods

saw a healthy growth in their consumption back home. This is a matter of concern as the deficit

in foreign trade is increasing year after year. The major group of the commodities saw the

following trend:-

1. Bulk imports:-

Import of items under bulk category as a whole comprising inter-alia Fertilizers, Cereals,

Sugar, Edible Oil, Iron and Steel and Petroleum Crude and Products, Paper and newsprint saw a

phenomenal growth of more than 361%. while oil and related products features growth over

years as a matter of increased awareness and high fuel prices and to some extent better public

transport facilities like metros and other projects and rules it saw only growth of mere 4%

during April-Dec 2008-2009 this shows that expenses on other expenses are increasing and it

can be well understood by the fact that the economic development is picking up over years and

as such requirements of other commodities increased in this section.


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pg. 45

2. Pearls, Precious & Semi-precious stones:-

This section grows at a constant pace each year without much fluctuations as India is becoming a

hub to finish the semi-finished jewelry products and then re-export it to other countries. This

section features a growth of 102.73%.

3. Machinery:-

Some of the major heads under this section are imports for

1. Transmission apparatus for radio-telephony, radio-broadcasting

2. Aircraft (for example, helicopters, airplanes); spacecraft

3. Automatic data processing machines, etc.

This section witnessed a growth of 328.18% and this very much understood by the increased

expenditure on defense and advancement in the field of aerospace.

4. Project goods:-

Project Imports are the imports of machinery, instruments, and apparatus etc., required for initial

sating up of a unit or for substantial expansion of an existing unit. This section saw an increment

of triumphing increase of 690.48% this phenomenal increase can be well understood by the good

GDP growth figures shown in years previous to 2008.

5. Others:- This head includes various other remaining commodities like

1. Gold & Silver

2. Artificial Resins & Plastic Materials

3. Professional Instruments etc. except electrical

4. Coal, Coke & Briquettes, etc.

5. Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Products

6. Chemical Materials & Products

7. Non-Metallic Mineral Manufactures, etc.

This section witnessed a growth of 209.95% which is well justified by the growth of different

horizons of the Indian market.


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pg. 46

This shows that there is weak negative relation between export and import so as when

one increases the other decreases but not that much dependent.


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pg. 47

BIBLIOGRAPHY:-1. www.commerce.nic.in

2. www.business.gov.in

3. www.wikipedia.org

4. http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Bulletin/PDFs/71947.pdf

5. www.wto.org

6. www.comtrade.un.org

7. www.dailyexportimportdata.com

8. www.dgciskol.nic.in

9. www.ustraderep.gov31

10. http://www.indiastat.com/india/ShowData.asp?secid=331671&ptid=107&level=3

R E F E R E N C E

1) Economic surveys- Ministry of finance, Govt of India various issues.

2) R.B.I. Annual Reports and Monthly Reports various issues

3) Economic and Political Weekly -Various issues.

4) Foreign TradeReview various issues

DATA AND GRAPHS SOURCES

1) Economic survey Govt of India 2002-2003

Table No.6.3 Page.No.101 2) Annual Report RBI 2003-

2004. Page No.94. 3) Economic and Political Weekly

May 15-21. 2003- 2004 Page 1982.

In the above table and graph the volume of export, imports and trade balance is shown from1950-51 to2003-2004. Since planning period there is increase in the volume of all factors eitherpositively or negatively.

2. http://commerce.nic.in/publications/anualreport_chapter2-2009-10.asp


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