PULSE VARIETIES OF PAKISTAN

7/29/2019 PULSE VARIETIES OF PAKISTAN

1/106

Pulse varieties of Pakistan Mash

PULSE VARIETIES OFPAKISTAN

Federal Seed Certification and Registration DepartmentG-9/4, Islamabad


2/106

Pulse varieties of Pakistan Mung

1. Preface2. Foreword3. Acknowledgements4. Introduction5. Contents6. Abbreviations7. Summary list

8. Varieties9. Descriptor & notes chickpeas, lentils, etc10. Procedures of crop inspection11. System of pedigreed seed production12. Seed standards chkp, lentil others13. Area and production trends for 30 years14. Photographs / sketches15. References


3/106


CONTENTS

CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... .3

PROLOGUE ......................................................................................................................8

FOREWORD .................................................................................................... ...... .........10

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... ..12

CAUSES OF LOW YIELD ............................................................................................13

Common pulse crops ....................................................................................................14

Nutritive Value of Certain Pulses and Other Foods ............................................15

Chickpea, Gram, Chana (Cicer arietinum) .................................................................15

Cowpea, Lobia (Vigna unguiculata) ............................................................................16

Kidney bean, Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) .................................................17Lathyrus, Matri, Chickling pea (Lathyrus sativus) ......................................................17

Lentils Masoor (Lens culinaris) ...................................................................................18

Mash, Black gram, Mashbean, Urd (Vigna mungo) ...................................................19

Moth bean, Mat bean (Vigna aconitifolia) ..................................................................19

Mungbean Mung (Vigna radiata) ................................................................................20

Pigeon Pea, Red Gram (Cajanus cajan) .....................................................................21

Chickpea varieties ......................................................................................................... ..22

Bittal 98 .............................................................................................................................23

Balkasar 2000 ............................................................................................................... ....24

Cm 72 ................................................................................................................................25

cm 88 .................................................................................................................................26

cm 98 .................................................................................................................................27

cm 2000 ............................................................................................................. ...... ...... ....28

dusht 98 ........................................................................................................................... ..29

Dg 89 .................................................................................................................................30


4/106


5/106


nm 92 .................................................................................................................................54

khalood ..............................................................................................................................55

NM 98 ................................................................................................................................56

nm 54 .................................................................................................................................57

nm 51 .................................................................................................................................58

chakwal mung 97 .............................................................................................................59

km 1 ...................................................................................................................................60

mash varieties ...................................................................................................................61

Mash 97 ......................................................................................................................... ....62

mash 2 ...................................................................................................................... .........63

mash 3 ...................................................................................................................... .........64

chakwal mash ...................................................................................................................65

mash 88 .............................................................................................................................66

lentil (masoor) varieties ...................................................................................................67

masoor 93 ................................................................................................................ ...... ....68

shiraz 96 ........................................................................................................................ ....69

masoor 2002 ......................................................................................................................70

precose ...............................................................................................................................71

masoor 85 ................................................................................................................ ...... ....72

mansehra 89 ................................................................................................................... ..73

pulses PEDIGREED SYSTEM OF SEED PRODUCTION ...................................... ..74

PEDIGREED SEED INCREASE SYSTEM - Diagram ................................................83

PROCEDURES FOR SEED CROP INSPECTION ....................................................84

1. OBJECTIVE .............................................................................................................84


6/106


2. PRINCIPLES OF SEED CERTIFICATION ........................................... ...... ...... .....84

1 Eligibility of varieties ......................................................................................84

2 Generation system ...................................................................................... .....85

3 Certification Standards ................................................................ ..... ..... ..... ....85

4 Documentation ........................................................................................ ..... ...86

5 Crop inspection ...............................................................................................86

6 Seed testing .....................................................................................................86

7 Post control plots ............................................................................... ..... ..... ...86

3. FIELD INSPECTION PROCEDURES .............................................................. ......86

1. Requirements ........................................................................................... ..... .87

2. Documentary checks and preliminaries ......................................... ..... ..... ..... ..87

3. Number of crop inspections ........................................................ ..... ..... ..... ....88

4. Crop inspection ...................................................................................... ..... ...88

5. Taking Counts ...................................................................... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....89

6. Number of Counts ..........................................................................................89

7. Method of Taking Count ....................................................................... ..... ....89

8. Final Inspection ..............................................................................................91

4 Reporting results .......................................................................................................92

Field and seed certification standards ...........................................................................93

CROP STANDARDS ........................................................................................93

FACTOR ...........................................................................................................94

II. SEED STANDARDS ................................................................ ..... ..... ..... ....94

FACTOR ...........................................................................................................94

LENTILS ........................................................................................................................ ..96

FACTOR ...........................................................................................................96



7/106


FACTOR ...........................................................................................................97

FACTOR ...........................................................................................................98


FACTOR ...........................................................................................................98

FACTOR ...........................................................................................................99

II. SEED STANDARDS .......................................................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...100

FACTOR .........................................................................................................100

LENTIL ...........................................................................................................101

MASH .............................................................................................................102

MUNG .......................................................................................................... ...102

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................103

References ..................................................................................................................103

Nutritive Value of Certain Pulses and Other Foods ................................... ..... ..104


8/106


PROLOGUE

The significance of proteins for preservation and up keeping of human healthneeds no emphasis. As the animal protein is becoming

expensive, the pulses offer an excellent substitute of meat,which is reliable and comparatively cheaper source of proteins.Pulses are rich in proteins, low in fat, rich in fiber and complexcarbohydrates, and good sources of vitamins. There are manytypes of pulse crops grown in Pakistan like chickpea, lentil,

mungbeans, mashbeans, and cowpeas. Serious concern has been shown about theirlow yields as compared to other countries of the world. A brief comparison ofyield with some of the other countries of the world follows:

Area and yield of Chickpea in some othercountries during 2001-2002

Name of country Area (000 ha) Yield/ha (mt)

Pakistan

India

China

Australia

USA

Egypt

Due to low production the country has to import large quantities of pulsesfrom abroad. During the last year the pulse import bill exceeds Rs. 000000. Thetwo most outstanding reasons of low production are lack of high yieldingimproved varieties and inadequate availability of certified seed. Against the targetof 20% renewal of certifies seed the availability during the last year was 1% inchickpea and 00% mungbean and 0% for other pulses.

Due to the limitations of the public sector seed organizations in makingavailable sufficient quantities of quality seed, the privates sector was inducted andencouraged to enter seed business. The only purpose was to augment availabilityof certifies seed of all crops according to the requirements. The rights of seed

production and marketing have been granted to about 450 organizations in private


9/106


sector but the quantity of certified seed produced and made available to thefarming community particularly of pulses has not increased proportionally.

The major reasons of this failure may be the lack of awareness of themanagement about the availability of latest improved varieties of pulse crops, lowproduction or market fluctuations. The efforts of the Federal Seed Certificationand Registration Department for compiling the most important information in theform of, the Pulse Varieties of Pakistan are appreciated. Almost all theimportant aspects of pulse crops and seed production like breeding center, geneticbackground, phonological and physiological traits, distinctness, uniformity andstability and agronomic characteristics have been put together in this book.

Pulse Varieties of Pakistan is the third book of the series after WheatVarieties of Pakistan and Cotton Varieties of Pakistan. It is expected that thisbook will create awareness among the seed producers for selecting a particularpulse crop variety for a particular cropping pattern under varied growth andecological conditions. I wish the department to continue work hard and bring outsimilar books on other farm and horticultural crops. The undersigned would alsolike to emphasize that we should develop a website from where all type ofinformation required by the farmers regarding crop production should be availableeasily.

SARDAR YAR MUHAMMAD RINDFEDERAL MINISTER

MINISTRY OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCKISLAMABAD


10/106


FOREWORD

The field crops in agricultural farming are generally divided in two groups.

The crops like wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane and cotton form the group calledmajor crops whereas pulses and small grain cereals are put together as minorcrops. The major crops enjoy the top position because of their importance forproviding almost all food for human being and also chief source of feed foranimals. The major crops are just a few species whereas there is a wide range ofdiversity of cultivated crop species. According to some estimates the number ofsuch species is over 6000. The most important reason seems that the major cropspecies succeeded in becoming the focus of human attention and developmentalefforts for selection of superior ones; while relatively little attention has been givento minor crops.

Pulse crops perhaps stand among those crops, which although ignored ratherneglected for research and development yet have succeeded in having their

nutritional value recognized in majority of countries and stressed marginalgrowing conditions. They have proved their significance in a variety of ways mayit be for human or animal consumption.

The major reasons for their low genetic potential are the lack of researchefforts of the scientists and breeders and at the same time lack of appropriatedproduction technologies not only in marginal areas but also for different farmingsystems and cropping patters.

Due to over dependence of too few major crops the farmers are followingthe same cropping pattern since decades. The perpetual practice of the samepattern has resulted in severe and dangerous concentration of insects and pests anddiseases. The present cropping pattern needs major diversification of crop species.

It has become indispensable to break the continuous and unbroken chain of insectand disease concentrations. The soil conditions have also deteriorated veryseverely. To restore and renew the physical health of the soil, the cropping patternhave to be customized having suitable crop rotations with a fair representation ofleguminous crops.

Concerted and collaborative research efforts are needed to break the inherentlow genetic potential of pulse crops and developing appropriate productiontechnologies for different marginalized areas, cropping and farming systems. Forthis purposes it is imperative to strengthen our pulse breeding programs in menand materials backed by sufficient funding. Moreover in addition to exploring andutilizing untapped local genetic diversity, we must also import and incorporate into our breeding programs the exotic germplasm from pulse growing countries all


11/106


over the world. We must also identify constraints of low production and use ofeach crop and develop their possible solutions. The researchers must alsoconcentrate upon critically reviewing the work done so far and possible gaps invarious approaches.

The efforts and collaborative research services being extended byInternational Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo,Syria to out scientists and research institutions in the form of exotic germplasm,genetic information, modern technology and training facilities is highlyappreciated.

The Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department is appreciatedfor having compiled this book on Pulse Varieties of Pakistan. The book coversthe basic information on development of the variety along with morphologicaldescription, physiological and phonological characteristics. It provides allnecessary information about genetic features that is needed by the researchworkers in their diversification and improvement programs. Further the farmerswill also find this book very useful as it furnishes thorough information aboutsandwiching pulse crops as catch crops in between the major cropping patterns inrice and cotton areas.

SALIK NAZIR AHMEDSECRETARY

MINISTRY OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCKISLAMABAD


12/106


INTRODUCTION

The pulses are defined as annualleguminous crops harvested solely for the drygrain used for food and feed and thereforeexcludes green beans and peas, which areconsidered vegetable crops and others, whichare mainly grown for oil extraction, likesoybeans and peanuts, and fodder crops likeclovers and alfalfa etc. Pulses are veryimportant food crops particularly indeveloping countries and vegetarian societiesdue to their highproteinandessential aminoacid contents and in crop rotationdue to their

ability to fix nitrogen.Pulses considered as best substitute of meat protein are grown on large areas

all over the world. However India is both the world's largest producer and theworld's largest importer of pulses. Pakistan also imports large quantities of pulsesto meet the ever increasing gap between the domestic production and requirements.Considerably a large acreage estimated to be over 7% of the total cropped area isoccupied by pulses. Area and production (5 year averages) for the last 2 decadesfollow:

Sr. # Year Area (000 h) Production (000t)

Yield kg/ha(average)

1

.

1985-90 1417.3 710.8 501.5

2.

1990-95 1480.8 675.4 456.1

3.

1995-2000 1537.6 902.4 586.9

4.

2000-2002 1379.5 593.8 430.4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume


13/106


Agri. Statistics of Pakistan, 2001-2002

Pulse crops are generally considered hard crops and grown on marginal landsunder low fertility and low moisture conditions. They not only are an importantsource of vegetable protein in the human diet, but also possess the unique abilityof fixing atmosphere nitrogen into the soil through Rhizobia present in the noduleson their roots. Pulse crops, in spite of their importance in diet and agriculture havenot received the attention in the breeding programs they deserved. This is whytheir yields are low and almost static for the last many decades.

Despite of the dietary importance, increasing demand, huge imports andscarceness of foreign exchange the pulses have not been given the importance theydeserved. The yields of pulse crops are very low rather static since long, whereas,significant improvement in yield of wheat and cotton has been achieved. Wheatyields rose from 1422 kg/ha in 1975-76 to 2491 kg/ha in 1999-200 and cottonyields improved from 277 kg/ha in 1975-76 to 769 kg/ha in 1991-92 (ASP 2001-2002). Possible major reasons for low pulse yields follow:

CAUSES OF LOW YIELD

1. Low yield potential of varieties: There is extreme scarcity of researchand genetic information on pulse crops. Moreover the commercialvarieties of pulse crops are normally developed for marginal soilconditions, poor management and minimum inputs. It has also beennoticed that continued cultivation on marginal lands has resulted in theerosion of genetic variability. The varieties fail to respond positively toinputs like fertilizer and irrigation. It seems they lack both form and frameto support a more productive plant type.

2. Absence of sound seed program: There is no systematic seedproduction and distribution program for pulse crops. There have beenvery small quantities of certified seed of only chickpea made available to

the farmers. Other pulses have not so far been included in the seedproduction program of seed corporations/agencies.

3. Stresses of rainfed conditions: Stresses of drought, heat and cold arecommon in these areas. Moreover commonly the farmers fail to conserverain moisture.

4. Inadequate plant stand: Generally the farmers fields have very thinplant stands due to availability of low soil moisture, low seed arte andpoor management.

5. Poor agronomic practices: Application of inadequate amounts ofproduction inputs, traditional methods of land preparation, seeding andweeding and low seed rates. Non-availability of suitable package of


14/106


production technology for rainfed areas, rice tract and other farm systems.

6. Damage from diseases, insects and pests: The disease causing seriousyield losses include Ascochyta blight, Botrytis gray mold, Fusarium wiltand rots. A major insect is pod borer. Weeds also are a serious problem.

7. Socio-Economic conditions: Socio-economic factors include peoples

preferences, support price policy and marketing system etc. Ourmarketing system favors the middlemen and not the producer.

Pulses also known as grain legumes belong to the family Leguminosae. All ofthe pulse crops grown in Rabi and Kharif seasons are self-pollinating. Chickpea isthe largest crop covering about 90% of the pulse area and the other pulse crops inthe order of importance are mungbeans, lentils and mashbeans etc. Generalinformation covering chromosomes number, mode of pollination, nutritionalstatus, and growing season along with importance and brief description follow:

Common pulse crops

Common Name Botanical Name Chr. 2n Protein %

1. Chickpea, Gram, Chana Cicer arietinum 16 24.22. Cowpeas, Lobia Vigna unguiculata 22 24.69 Kidney beans, Surkh lobia Phaseolus vulgaris 22 22.03. Lathyrus, matri Lathyrus sativus 14 25.94. Lentils, Masoor Lens culinaris 14 24.85. Mashbeans, Blackgram, Urd Vigna mungo 22 25.16. Mothbeans, Moth Vigna aconitifolius 22 24.07. Mungbeans, Greengram Vigna radiata 22 25.38. Pigeon pea, Arhar Cajanus cajan 22 21.5

Crop Pollination Season Germination

1. Chickpea, Gram,Chana

Self Rabi Hypogeal

2. Cowpeas, Lobia Self Spring/autumn Epigeal9 Kidney beans, Surkh

lobiaSelf Spring/autumn Epigeal

3. Lathyrus, Matri Self Rabi Hypogeal4. Lentils, Masoor Self Rabi Hypogeal5. Mashbeans,

BlackgramSelf Spring/autumn Epigeal


15/106


6. Mothbeans, Moth Self Spring/autumn Epigeal7. Mungbeans,

GreengramSelf Spring/autumn Epigeal

8. Pigeon pea, Arhar Self Spring/autumn Hypogeal

Nutritive Value of Certain Pulses and Other Foods

FoodCalories

(per100g)Protein (%)

Calcium (mg/100g)

Iron (mg/100g)

Kidney BeansBroad BeansChick-peasCow PeasPigeon PeasLentilsWheat (flour)Rice (milled)

Maize (flour)CassavaBeefEggsMilk

341343358342343346370360

360338198163360

22.123.420.123.420.924.210.96.7

9.31.519.012.436.0

1379014976129561610

6121150

1235

6.73.67.25.75.86.11.00.9

1.81.02.32.50.9

Source: FAO

Chickpea, Gram, Chana (Cicer arietinum)

Chickpea, gram or chana (Cicer arietinum), is the most important member ofthe pulse family. It is an ancient crop, most probably grown in Turkey 7400 yearsago. Chickpeas are native to the Middle East and are

traditionally grown in the semi- arid regions of Pakistan,India, Turkey and the Mediterranean countries.van der Maesen (1972) believed that the species originatedin the southern Caucasus and northern Persia. However,Ladizinsky, (1975) reported the center of origin to besoutheastern part of Turkey adjoining Syria. Botanicaland archeological evidence show that chickpeas were firstdomesticated in the Middle East and was widely cultivatedin India, Mediterranean area, the Middle East, and Ethiopiasince antiquity. Brought to the New World, it is nowimportant in, Australia, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Peru andthe U.S. Wild species are most abundant in Turkey, Iran,Afghanistan, and Central Asia" (Duke, 1981). Kabuli


16/106


types are grown in temperate regions while the desi type chickpeas are grown inthe semi-arid tropics. As the third most important pulse crop in the world after drybeans and peas, chickpeas make up 20% of world pulse crop production. It isused as a food in many countries.

Chickpea is valued for its nutritive seeds with high protein content, 25.3-28.9%, after dehulling. The mature chickpea seeds are used as a dry bean as whole ordal and green immature seed are used as a vegetable. Dal orDhal is the splitchickpea without its seed coat. Also the chickpea flour (basin) is used to makepakoras, soups and a variety of other dishes and sweets. Crisp spicyPakoras havegained a traditional status as an integral part of iftari during the fasting month ofRamzan. Animal feed is another use of chickpea in many countries. Gram husks,and green or dried stems and leaves are used for stock feed; whole seeds may bemilled directly for feed. Acid exudates from the leaves can be applied medicinallyor used as vinegar. Chickpea is also considered an effective hypocholesteremicagent; germinated chickpea was reported to be effective in controlling cholesterollevel in rats. Glandular secretion of the leaves, stems, and pods consists malic andoxalic acids, giving a sour taste. Two types of chickpea are recognized, desi(colored, small seeded, angular and fibrous) and kabuli (beige, large seeded, rams-

head shaped with lower fiber content) types. Chickpea is an annual plant generallyrequiring a cool season. The chickpea plant is 20100 cm tall. Chickpea has adeep tap root and is considered drought tolerant.

Cowpea, Lobia (Vigna unguiculata)

Cowpea, Lobia (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), is an annual grain legumecrop. It originated in Africa about five to six thousand years ago. Currently it iswidely grown in Africa, Nigeria being the largest producer, Latin America, SouthEast Asia and United States. In Pakistan it is not grown on large areas, but onvery small scale.

Lobia, cowpea is rich in protein and a very important nutritious component in

the human diet, as well as a nutritious feed and fodder for livestock. Cowpea is avery useful plant. It can be used at all stages of growth. The young, tender greenleaves can be used as potherb like spinach. Immature green pods can also be usedas whole and green cowpea seeds as a fresh vegetable like peas. Mature and driedseeds are used as pulse commonly boiled as whole and not split to make dal. Insome African countries green or dried cowpea hay is used as fodder and it is theonly available high quality legume hay for livestock feed. It also is a suitable cropto be used as a green manure.

Cowpea plant are semi-erect to prostrate, or climbers, indeterminate to semideterminate. The trifoliate leaves, variable in size and shape are smooth, dull toshiny, and rarely pubescent with terminal leaflet is bigger and larger. Flowers aremultiple racemes with long peduncles arise from the leaf axil. Long peduncles are


17/106


a distinguishing characteristic. Cowpea is a self pollinating crop but the presenceof and open display of flowers above the foliage help attract insects and somecross pollination can occur. The pod ranges in size from short to vary long andseed (Lobia) from small to medium and bold. Seed color varies from white, cream,green, buff, red, brown, and black. Seed shape may be a kidney shape or globularwith seed coat smooth or wrinkled and may be mottled. Seed hilum is surrounded

by another color commonly referred to as eye and is distinctive to vary fromblack, pink, to purple etc. germination epigeal.

Kidney bean, Common bean (Phaseolusvulgaris L.)

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has been reported to be domesticated inthe new world more than 6,000 years ago and from there it spread to Europe,Africa and Asia. Common bean is susceptible to drought, high temperature andhigh rainfall and set little seed. It grows well in area of medium rainfall from thetropics to the temperate regions. In Pakistan It performs well in drier areas andconditions suitable for the cultivation of maize.

The stem is slender, twisted and ribbed having purple streaks. The leaftrifoliate, the terminal leaflet subtended by a pair of tiny stipules and the otherwith one stipule. The flower is white, pink or purple with coiled style. The 4-6seeded pod is slender, 10-20 cm long, straight or curved with a prominent beak.The seed is non-endospermic, vary greatly in size, shape and color from smallblack types to large white, brown, red, black, or mottled ones, oblong, globular oroften kidney-shaped. Germination epigeal.

Common bean is mainly grown for green immature pods which are eaten as avegetable. Also it is grown for seed, which is used as whole, not as split dal. Insome countries young leaves are used as potherb vegetable. The plant also makesa good fodder and straw is used as forage.

Lathyrus, Matri, Chickling pea (Lathyrussativus)

Matri (Lathyrus sativus) was the commonest pulse crop after lentils,although absent from the Early Neolithic, and less popular in early Bronze Agetimes. It is not a common pulse in Pakistan mostly grown in Sindh on salaba landsin the river tract after rice. It is mostly fed as feed to the cattle. Due to its nonacceptability as a good pulse among masses it has not been given any importanceby the researchers. Hence there are no improved, registered and released varietiesof this crop.

The grass pea is a common pulse crop grown in rice belt in Sindh in


18/106


Pakistan.Lathyrus is also grown in Bangladesh, India and other South East Asiancountries. In Pakistan it is mainly grown for grain to be used as grain feed forlivestock and to some extent as pulse for human consumption.Lathyrus sativus isliable to be somewhat neurotoxic. It is considered a poor or lesser degreepulse for human consumption. At green stage Lathyrus is also used as greenfodder for animals and a suitable crop for green manure. The chaff stems and hay

after thrashing is also considered a nutritive fodder for animals. Matri flour hasalso been reported being used to adulterate the basin the flour of chickpea.

Matri also called grass pea is a much-branched trailing or climbing annualplant with a well-developed taproot system covered with nodules. The stem isslender up to 50 cm long with winged margins. Stipules are prominent, narrowlytriangular to ovate with a basal appendage. The leaves are pinnate, with sessileleaflets 4-7 cm long and 1.0 cm wide. The tendril may be simple to muchbranched. The flower is axillary, solitary and may be white, red, purple, blue orpink. The peduncle is 3-5 cm long with two minute bracts. The pod is 3-5 seeded,oblong, flat, slightly bulging over the seeds, 2-5 cm long and up to 1 cm in widthwith short beak, weak curvature and two wings at dorsal end. The seed is wedgeshaped angular, 4-7 mm in diameter of white, brownish-grey or yellow color with

yellow to pinkish yellow cotyledons. The surface may be mottled. Germination ishypogeal.

Lentils Masoor (Lens culinaris)

Lentil (Lens culinaris) is one of the earliest cultivatedcrops in the world grown more than 8,500 years ago. It isa cool season annual pulse crop which spread from theNear East to the Mediterranean area, Asia, Europe andfinally the Western Hemisphere. Canada is the world'slargest lentil exporter. Varieties of lentils availableinclude red, black, large green, medium green, small

green, French green and white lentils. Lentil is a very popular pulse in Pakistanand India. It is also grown on large areas.

The inherent low yield potential, susceptibility to diseases (blight, rust, wilt,root rot and stem rot), weed infestation and poor management are the main reasonof low yields. Pulses Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad has developed someimproved varieties which have been registered and released in the country. Furtherresearch is needed and the breeding programs can play an important role in thedevelopment of improved varieties with high yield potential, better adapted to localenvironmental conditions and resistant to diseases. For this purpose possibilities ofusing exotic germplasm and utilization of biotechnology and mutation etc. must beexplored.

Lentil is a protein rich (22-35%) pulse crop but the nutritional value is low


19/106


because lentil is deficient in the amino acids methionine and cystine. Lentil is anexcellent supplement to cereal grain diets because of its good protein/carbohydratecontent. It is used in soups, stews, casseroles and salad dishes. Lentil can be usedas a green manure crop.

Lentil plants are slender, semi-erect, medium to much branched withcompound leaves having a tendril at the tips. Plants normally short to medium talldepending on soil moisture and fertility. Flowering begins on the lowest branches,gradually moving up the plant and continuing until harvest. Each flower producesa short 1-2 seeded pod. Flowers can be white, lilac or pale blue in color. The seeds(2 to 7 mm in diameter) come in colors of tan, brown, or black, and sometimespurple or black mottled.

Genetic improvement work on the lentil has been very limited and haslacked institutional support. It is essential to continue research with the aim ofobtaining more productive high-yield cultivars, particularly through local breedingusing local land races. Further appropriate production packages must also beprepared for different agro-ecological conditions and farming systems.

Mash, Black gram,Mashbean, Urd (Vignamungo)

Black Gram, Mash Urd bean (Vigna mungo) has been cultivated for a longtime in the Indian subcontinent as a drought resistant pulse crop. It can be grownboth as a summer and winter crop; often in rotation with rice or sometimes inmixed cultivation with other crops. The Urd bean is mostly grown as pulse crop inPakistan, Burma, Bangladesh, India and Thailand

The plant is an erect, semi erect or prostrate annual herb which grows up to80 cm in height. Flower is pale yellow. Pod is light or dark brown at maturity,

cylindrical with weak to medium curvature. The seed is green, dark green ormostly black.

Mash is one of the highly prized pulses in Pakistan used as a whole or in theform of Dal (split grains). The Urd bean is favored for production of bean sproutsin Japan, and valued for its high digestibility and freedom from the flatulenceeffect. It can also be used as green manure and a cover crop or fodder crop.

Moth bean, Mat bean (Vigna aconitifolia)

Moth or mat bean (Vigna aconitifolia) is native to Pakistan, India, andBurma. Moth bean is claimed to be one the most drought-tolerant legume grown inthe world. The drought tolerance of this bean may be due to the well developed tap


20/106


root and/or the manner in which the plant produces a thick, low-lying mat,covering the soil surface and apparently reducing moisture loss. Moth bean iscurrently grown in Pakistan, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand,Malaysia and Africa, and for fodder in the USA.

The plant is much branched, spreading, and hairy up to 50 cm tall. The leafhave leaflets deeply lobed, terminal leaflet largest and five lobed, the lateralleaflets four lobed. The leaf also subtended by large stipules. The flower is small,yellow colored. The 4-10 seeded pods are thin, narrow, hairy and beaked. Theseed is small, rectangular, gray, black or mottled. Germination epigeal.

Moth bean seed is used as human food and cooked whole or split and thegreen pods can be cooked and eaten as vegetables. Seeds are also sprouted to formbean paste. Mash seed has 22-31% crude protein, with a biological value similarto that of mung bean but with lower digestibility. It has a short, compact planthabit which has advantages with soil erosion and weed control. It is also a goodfodder for cattle and a green manure crop.

Mungbean Mung (Vigna radiata)

Mungbean or Mung (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.) is also known as moong,mungo, green gram, golden gram. Its origin is said to be northeastern India,Burma (Myanmar) region of Asia. It is primarily grown in Asia, Africa, Southand North America, and Australia principally for its protein-rich edible seeds.Human consumption of mungbean is as dry seeds or sprouts. Mungbean sproutsare high in protein (21%28%), calcium, phosphorus and certain vitamins. Forsprout mungbeans a high quality bold, glossy shining green color seed withexcellent germination is required. but can be used as a green manure crop and asforage for livestock.

Mungbean is grown in Pakistan on largest pulse area second only to

chickpea. Mostly it is grown as a catch crop summer or autumn season. Its majorconcentration is found in the districts of Jhelem, Chakwal, Rawalpindi, Sargodha,Mianwali, and Bhakkar etc.

Mungbean is a warm season annual, heavily branched with trifoliate leaveslike the other legumes. The pale yellow flowers are borne in clusters of 1015 nearthe top of the plant. Mature pods are variable in color, brown to black, about 10-15 cm long, and contain 8-15 seeds. Self pollination occurs as a rule howeverthere may be some cross pollination. Mature seed color vary from variety tovariety e.g. brown, mottled black or green or yellow, depending upon variety. Theseed is round to oblong drum shaped and vary in size. Germination is epigeal.


21/106


Pigeon Pea, Red Gram (Cajanus cajan)

Pigeonpea, Arhar (Cajanus cajan) is one of the oldest food crops of theworld and enjoys 5th position among edible legumes in worldwide production.Pigeonpea is said to produce more nitrogen per unit of plant biomass than mostother legumes and can nodulate in most soils. It is a very hard, heat tolerant and

drought resistant tropical legume crop highly suitable for growing in poor andmarginal soils under hot and stressed dry conditions and can be used along contourbarriers for erosion control. It is very ancient crop grown since times immemorial.Pigeon pea is grown on very small scale in Pakistan but it is a very popular pulsecrop in India. In Africa pigeon pea is an important pulse crop.

Pigeon pea is a nutritious, high-protein (18-25%) pulse crop. Seeds are richin sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine, and cystine. It is mainly used aspulse for human consumption but can make a nutritious feed for animals. Pigeonpea plant is a multipurpose plant. It can make a good hedge crop, provides shadeto sensitive and delicate crops, green pods used as vegetable, fuel for cooking etc.At young stage pigeon pea also makes a good green manure crop and fodder foranimals. A few plants in the backyard can yield green pods throughout the summer

season.

The plant is medium tall growing woody shrub up to 2 meter high, canperenniate for a few years but susceptible to frost. The productivity startsdeclining after first year. The leaf is trifoliate. Leaflet narrow lanceolate andmedium to strongly hairy. The flower is yellow, or purple, The pod is short, 4-6seeded, medium to strongly pubescent. The seed is roundish, white, brown, red orblack in color.


22/106


Chickpea varieties


23/106


BITTAL 98

Type: Desi Chana, (Cicer arietinum).

Parentage: Local cross: C 44 x (c 44 x C 87)

Check: .C 44

Breeders: Ali, A. et al.

Center: Pulses Research Institute (PRI), (AARI), Faisalabad.

Maintainer: Pulses Research Institute, (AARI), Faisalabad.

Status: Released 1998. Registered 1999.

Growth habit: Semi-erect, medium maturing (160 days), lodge tolerant.

Height and branching: Plants medium tall (60-70 cm), erect semi bushyin attitude and medium branched, stem anthocyanin medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, dark green in color, medium hairy, leafletlength 1.4, width 0.9 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin medium.

Flower: Flowering early (105 days). Flower size medium, standard colorpink, peduncle anthocyanin absent.

Pod: Size large, 1-2 seeded, constrictions very weak, pubescence weak,beak very short, pods/plant 70-90, length 2.3, width 1.2, thickness 1.1cm with peduncle length 1.0 cm

Seed yield kg/ha: 1500-1600

Seed: Seed size bold, length 8.6, width 7.5, thickness 6.6 mm, Seed shaperamhead, color brown, wrinkles medium, dots absent.

Seed weight: (g/000 seeds) 287 g.

Variants: Growth and branching habit varies significantly when sownearly, late, plants spaced or topped.

Leading characters: Bittal 98 a Desi variety of chickpeas. Plants medium tallgrowing, semi- erect in attitude with dark green foliage, broad leaflets and pinkflowers. Pod shape rhomboid, beak very short, and pubescence weak, lightbrown at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seed size bold, shape ramhead,beak medium, surface moderately wrinkled and brown colored.


24/106


BALKASAR 2000

Type: Desi Chickpea, (Cicer arietinum).

Parentage: ILC 5928/{ILC5928/ILC72)(ILC3856/E-100 YM)}

Check: PB 91

Breeders: Ramzan, M. C. et al.

Center: BARI, AARI, Faisalabad

Maintainer: BAR, AARI, Faisalabad

Status: Released 2000. Registered 2004

Growth habit: Erect semi bushy, medium maturing (160-190 days).

Height and branching: Plant height medium (60-70 cm), mediumbranching, semi erect, stem hairs absent, anthocyanin medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, green, sparsely hairy, terminal leafletmedium, obovate, length 16-20, width 8-10 petiole 18-20 mm, anthocyaninweak, senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium (110 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor pink, peduncle anthocyanin weak.

Pod: Size medium, light brown at maturity, constrictions absent, shatterlow, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak medium, pods/plant 50-60, length22-25, width 10-12 mm.


Seed: Seed size medium bold, length 8.5, width 6.0 mm. Seed shape

ramhead, color brown, surface medium wrinkled rough, dots absent.

Seed weight: (g/000 seeds) 26.5 g.


Leading characters: Balkasar 2000 a medium duration chickpea variety.Plants short, erect semi bushy, stem anthocyanin medium, foliage green, sparselyhairy, flower pink. Pod shape rhomboid, light brown at maturity, and generally 1-2seeded. Seed ramhead size medium bold, surface rough and color brown.


25/106


CM 72


Parentage: Local mutant: 6153 (15 kr gamma rays)

Check: .6153

Breeders: Haq, M. A. et al.

Center: NIAB, Faisalabad.

Maintainer: NIAB, Faisalabad.


Growth habit: Semi-erect, medium early maturing (185-190 days), lodgetolerant.

Height and branching: Plants medium (60-65 cm), medium branched,semi erect in attitude, stem anthocyanin medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, green in color, medium hairy, leaflet sizelarge, length 1.8, width 1.0 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin medium.

Flower: Flowering early (103 days). Flower size medium, standard colorpink, peduncle anthocyanin weekt.

Pod: Size medium, 1-2 seeded, constrictions weak, pubescence strong,beak medium, pods/plant 60-70, length 2.2, width 1.2, thickness 1.1 cmwith peduncle length 1.0 cm


Seed: Seed size medium, length 8.5, width 6.5, thickness 6.0 mm, Seed

shape ramhead, color light brown, wrinkles medium, dots absent.



Leading characters: CM 72 a Desi variety. Plants medium, erect semibushy, medium green foliage and pink flowers. Pod rhomboid, beak short,pubescence strong and color light brown. Seed size medium, ramhead,beak medium, surface moderately wrinkled and light brown.


26/106


CM 88


Parentage: Local Mutant C 727 (10 kr)

Check: CM 72.

Breeders: Haq, A.et al.

Center: NIAB, Faisalabad

Maintainer: NIAB, Faisalabad

Status: Released 1994 Registered 1996.

Growth habit: Erect, semi bushy, medium duration (170-180 days), lodgetolerant.

Height and branching: Plants medium tall (60-70 cm), medium branched,semi erect, stem anthocyanin medium, hairiness medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium, medium green in color, medium hairy, leafletsize medium, length 1.0, width 0.4 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin medium


Pod: Size medium, 1-2 seeded, constrictions weak, pubescence medium,beak short, pods/plant 60-70, length 2.2, width 1.2, thickness 1.1 cm withpeduncle length 1.0 cm



shape ramhead, color light brown, wrinkles medium, dots medium.



Leading characters:CM 88 aDesi mutant variety. Plants height medium,stem thin, anthocyanin medium, foliage medium green, flowers pink. Podrhomboid, beak short, pubescence medium, light brown. Seed medium,ramhead, beak medium, moderately wrinkled and light brown.


27/106


CM 98

Type: Desi Chickpeas, (Cicer arietinum).

Parentage: Local Mutant K 850 (300 Gy)

Check: CM 72

Breeders: Haq, A. et al.





Height and branching: Plant height medium (55-60 cm), mediumbranching, semi erect in attitude, stem hairiness and anthocyanin medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, dark green, sparsely hairy, terminal leafletmedium, obovate, length 16-20, width 7-10 petiole 18-20 mm, anthocyaninweak, senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium (100-110 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor pink, peduncle anthocyanin medium.

Pod: Size medium large, light brown at maturity, constrictions weak,shatter low, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak medium, pods/plant 45-55,length 20-25, width 10-15 mm.


Seed: Seed size medium, length 10-12, width 7.5 mm. Seed shape angular

beaked, color reddish brown, surface rough, dots absent.



Leading characters: CM 98 a medium duration chickpea variety. Plants short,erect semi bushy, foliage dark green, sparsely hairy, flower pink. Pod shaperhomboid, light brown at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seed angular beaked,size medium, surface rough and color reddish brown.


28/106


CM 2000

Type: Kabuli Chickpeas, (Cicer arietinum).

Parentage: Local mutant ILC (150 Gy gamma rays)

Check: CM 98

Breeders: Haq, A. et al.



Status: Released 2000. Registered 2004.

Growth habit: Erect semi bushy, medium early maturing (160-165 days).

Height and branching: Plant height medium (50-60 cm), mediumbranching, semi erect in attitude, stem hairiness and anthocyanin absent.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, light green in color, sparsely hairy,terminal leaflet medium, obovate, length 15-20, width 10-12 petiole 15-20mm, anthocyanin absent, senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium (100-110 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor white, peduncle anthocyanin absent.



Seed: Seed size bold, length 7.5, width 7.4 mm. Seed pea shaped, color

beige, surface smooth, dots absent.



Leading characters: CM 2000 a medium duration chickpea variety. Plantsshort, erect semi bushy, foliage light green, sparsely hairy, flower white. Pod shaperhomboid, light brown at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seed size bold, colorbeige, smooth and pea shaped.


29/106


DUSHT 98


Parentage: Local cross C 44/ ICC 7770

Check: CM 72

Breeders:

Center: NARC, PARC, Islamabad

Maintainer: NARC, PARC, Islamabad





Flower: Flowering medium (80-85 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor pink, peduncle anthocyanin strong.

Pod: Size medium, light brown at maturity, constrictions weak, shatterlow, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak medium, pods/plant 45-50, length22-25, width 8-10 mm.


Seed: Seed size medium, length 6.8, width 6.1 mm. Seed shape ramhead,

color brown, surface medium smooth, dots absent.



Leading characters: Dusht 98 a medium duration chickpea variety. Plantsshort, erect semi bushy, foliage green, sparsely hairy, flower pink. Pod shaperhomboid, light brown at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seed ramhead sizemedium, surface medium smooth and color brown.


30/106


DG 89


Parentage: Local selection: 6153

Check: .CM 72

Breeders: Oad, S. M. et al.

Center: RRI, Dokri.

Maintainer: RRI, Dokri

Status:Released 1991 Registered 1990

Growth habit: Semi-bushy, early maturing (135-40 days), lodge tolerant.

Height and branching: Plants medium tall (60-70 cm), medium branched,semi erect in attitude, stem anthocyanin medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, green in color, medium hairy, leaflet sizemedium, length 1.3, width 0.8 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin medium.

Flower: Flowering early (80 days). Flower size medium, standard colorpink, peduncle anthocyanin absent.

Pod: Size medium, 1-2 seeded, constrictions weak, pubescence medium,beak medium, pods/plant 40-45, length 2.2, width 1.0, thickness 1.0 cmwith peduncle length 1.0 cm


Seed: Seed size medium, length 8.0, width 6.0, thickness 6.2 mm, Seedshape ramhead, color brown, wrinkles medium, dots absent.



Leading characters: DG 89 a Desi variety of chickpeas. Plants medium tallgrowing, semibushy in attitude with medium green foliage and pink flowers. Podshape rhomboid, beak medium, and pubescence weak, light brown at maturity, andgenerally 1-2 seeded. Seed size bold, shape ramhead, beak medium, surfacemoderately wrinkled and brown colored.


31/106


DG 92

Type: Kabuli Chana, (Cicer arietinum).

Parentage:: L 550 x F 496

Check: Local Chana

Breeders: Oad, S.M. et al.

Center: RRI, Dokri

`Maintainer: RRI, Dokri



Height and branching: Plants medium tall (65-75 cm), medium branched,semi erect in attitude, stem anthocyanin absent, hairiness absent.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, green in color, weakly hairy, leaflet sizemedium, length 1.5, width 0.7 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin absent.

Flower: Flowering medium (85 days). Flower size medium, standard colorwhite, peduncle anthocyanin absent.

Pod: Size large, 1-2 seeded, constrictions weak, pubescence medium, beakshort, pods/plant 40-50, length 2.8, width 1.2, thickness 1.1 cm withpeduncle length 1.0 cm


Seed: Seed size bold, length 9.0, width 8.0, thickness 8.5 mm, Seed shape

ramhead, color beige, wrinkles weak, dots absent.



Leading characters: DG 92 a Kabuli variety. Plants medium tall, erectsemi bushy, anthocyanin absent and foliage green, flower white. Podrhomboid, beak short, pubescence medium, light brown. Seed bold,ramhead, beak medium, surface weakly wrinkled and color beige.


32/106


33/106


HASAN 2K


Parentage: Local mutant ILC 195 (0.45 kGy)

Check: Pb 1

Breeders: Hasan, S. et al.

Center: NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar

Maintainer: NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar


Growth habit: Erect semi spreading, medium maturing (170-190 days).

Height and branching: Plant height medium (50-80 cm), mediumbranching, semi spreading in attitude, stem hairiness medium andanthocyanin absent.


Flower: Flowering medium (115 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor white, peduncle anthocyanin absent.

Pod: Size medium, light brown at maturity, constrictions absent, shatterlow, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak short, pods/plant 60-70, length18-22, width 8-10 mm.


Seed: Seed size medium bold, length 8.2, width 6.5 mm. Seed ramhead,color beige, surface smooth, dots absent.



Leading characters: Hasan 2ka medium durationKabulivariety. Plants short,erect semi bushy, foliage light green, sparsely hairy, flower white. Pod rhomboid,light brown. Seed medium bold, beige, smooth and ramhead.


34/106


KARK 2


Parentage: Local selection

Check: CM 72

Breeders:

Center: ARS, Kark

Maintainer: ARS, Kark

Status: Released 1992, Registered 1990



Foliage: Foliage medium dense, dark green, sparsely hairy, terminal leafletmedium, obovate, length 15-17, width 8-10 petiole 18-20 mm, anthocyaninabsent, senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium (80-85 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor pink, peduncle anthocyanin weak.

Pod: Size medium, light brown at maturity, constrictions very weak,shatter low, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak medium, pods/plant 45-50,length 24-28, width 9-10 mm.



color reddish brown, surface medium rough, dots absent.



Leading characters: Kark 2 a medium duration chickpea variety. Plants short,erect semi bushy, foliage dark green, sparsely hairy, flower pink. Pod shaperhomboid, light brown at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seed ramhead sizemedium, surface medium smooth and color reddish brown.


35/106


KARK 3



Check: CM 72

Breeders:

Center: ARS, Kark

Maintainer: ARS, Kark NARC




Foliage: Foliage medium dense, green, sparsely hairy, terminal leafletmedium, obovate, length 14-16, width 8-10 petiole 15-20 mm, anthocyaninmedium, senescence medium.


Pod: Size medium, light brown at maturity, constrictions very weak,shatter low, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak medium, pods/plant 52-57,length 22-25, width 8-10 mm.



color yellowish brown, surface rough, dots absent.



Leading characters: Kark 3 a medium duration chickpea variety. Plants short,erect semi bushy, foliage green, sparsely hairy, flower pink. Pod shape rhomboid,light brown at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seed ramhead size medium,surface medium smooth and color yellowish brown.


36/106


KC 1Type: Desi Chickpeas, (Cicer arietinum).


Check: CM 72

Breeders: Abdul Wadood, et al.

Center: ARS, Kark


Status: Released 1998, Registered 2004

Growth habit: Erect semi bushy, medium early maturing (180-85 days),lodge tolerant.

Height and branching: Plant height medium (50-60 cm), mediumbranching, erect semi bushy in attitude, stem hairiness and anthocyaninmedium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, dark green, medium hairy, terminal leafletmedium, obovate, length 15-17, width 9-11 petiole 18-20 mm, anthocyaninabsent, senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium (120-25 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor pink, peduncle anthocyanin weak.

Pod: Size medium, light brown at maturity, constrictions weak, shatterlow, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak short, pods/plant 40-45, length19-20, width 8-9 mm.


Seed: Seed size medium, length 9.5, width 6.0 mm. Seed shape ramhead,color yellowish brown, surface wrinkled, dots absent.



Leading characters: KC 1 a medium duration Desi variety. Plants medium,erect semi bushy, foliage dark green, flower pink. Pod rhomboid, light. Seed ramheadsize medium, surface wrinkled and color yellowish brown.


37/106


C 44


Parentage: Selection

Check: C 727

Breeders: Tufaim, M. et al.

Center: PRI, AARI, Faisalabad

Maintainer: PRI, AARI, Faisalabad


Growth habit: Erect semi bushy, medium late maturing (170-75 days).


Foliage: Foliage medium dense, light green, medium hairy, terminal leafletmedium, obovate, length 7.2, width 2-3 mm, anthocyanin medium,senescence medium.


Pod: Size medium large, brownish at maturity, constrictions weak, shatterlow, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak medium, pods/plant 90-100,length 15-20, width 8-10 mm.


Seed: Seed size medium, length 8-9, width 6.6 mm. Seed shape ramhead,

color brown, surface wrinkled, dots absent.



Leading characters: C 44 a medium long duration chickpea variety. Plantsmedium tall, erect semi bushy, foliage light green, medium hairy, flower pink. Podshape rhomboid, brownish at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seed ramhead, sizemedium, surface wrinkled and color brown.


38/106


NOOR 91

Type: Kabuli, White. (Cicer arietinum)

Parentage: Exotic selevtion

Check: Pb 1

Breeders: Tufail, M. et al.

Center: Pulses Research Institute (PRI), (AARI), Faisalabad.

Maintainer: .PRI, AARI, Faisalabad

Status: Released, 1991. Registered 1992

Growth habit: Plants erect semi bushy, early maturing (165-175 days),Lodge tolerant.

Height and branching: Plants medium tall (75-80 cm), semi erect inattitude and medium branched.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, color light green, hairiness medium, leafletlength 1.5, width 1.1, stalk 1.1 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin absent.

Flower: Flowering early (100 days). Flower size medium, standard colorwhite, peduncle anthocyanin absent.

Pod: Size medium large, 2-3 seeded, with very short beak. Surfacemedium hairy, smooth, pods/plant 30-40, length 2.3, width 1.4, andpeduncle 1.0 cm

Yield kg/ha: 1500-1600

Seed: Seed size medium, length 9.0, width 7.0 mm, Seed shape ramhead,

color beige (commonly called white chana).

Seed weight: (g/000 seeds) 48.0 g,


Leading characters: NOOR 91: A Kabuli variety. Plants medium tall, erectsemi bushy in attitude, medium branched with light green foliage and whiteflowers. Pod 1-2 seeded, light brown at maturity. Seeds bold, ramhead, beakmedium, wrinkles medium, color beige (Sufaid chana).


39/106


NIFA 88


Parentage: Local Mutant: 6153 (10 kr)

Check: .CM 72


Center: NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar.

`Maintainer: NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawer



Height and branching: Plants medium tall (75-90 cm), medium branched,semi erect in attitude, stem anthocyanin medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, green in color, hairs weak, leaflet sizemedium, length 1.6, width 1.0 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin medium,senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium early (120 days). Flower size medium,standard color pink, peduncle anthocyanin medium.

Pod: Size large, 1-2 seeded, constrictions medium, pubescence med, beakshort, pods/plant 60-70, length 2.7, width 1.2, thickness 1.1 cm withpeduncle length 1.0 cm


Seed: Seed size medium, length 9.3, width 6.3, thickness 6.5 mm, Seedshape ramhead, color light brown, wrinkles medium, dots absent.



Leading characters: NIFA 88 a Desi variety. Plants medium tall, semi- erect,foliage medium green flower pink. Pod rhomboid, beak short, pubescence weak, lightbrown, ramhead, beak medium, moderately wrinkled and light brown.


40/106


PUNJAB 91


Parentage: Local cross: NEC I 38-2/ RC 32

Check: CM 72


Center: PRI, (AARI) Faisalabad

`Maintainer: PRI, AARI, Faisalabad



Height and branching: Plants medium tall (60-80 cm), medium branched,erect semi bushy in attitude, stem anthocyanin and hairiness medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, green in color, medium hairy, leaflet sizemedium, length 0.9, width 0.5 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin medium.

Flower: Flowering medium early (95 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor pink, peduncle anthocyanin medium.

Pod: Size large, 1-2 seeded, constrictions weak, pubescence med, beakshort, pods/plant 40-50, length 2.5, width 1.1, thickness 1.1 cm withpeduncle length 1.0 cm






Leading characters: Punjab 91 aDesi variety. Plants medium tall, erect semibushy, anthocyanin medium, foliage medium green, flower pink. Pod rhomboid, beakshort, and pubescence medium, light brown. Seed medium, ramhead, beak medium,surface moderately wrinkled and light brown in color.


41/106


PAIDAR 91


Parentage: Local cross: C235 x ILC191-1

Check: CM 72.


Center: PRI (AARI), Faisalabad

Maintainer: PRI (AARI), Faisalabad

Status: Released 1991 Registered 1992

Growth habit: Erect semi bushy, medium maturing (150-170 days), lodgetolerant.

Height and branching: Plants medium tall (65-75 cm), medium branched,erect, semi bushy in attitude, hairiness medium, stem anthocyanin weak.

Foliage: Foliage medium, light green in color, medium hairy, leaflet sizemedium, length 0.9, width 0.4 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin, weak,senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium early (90 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor pink, peduncle anthocyanin medium.

Pod: Size medium, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak short, pods/plant50-55, length 2.0, width 1.0, thickness 1.1 cm with peduncle length 1.0 cm




Seed weight: (g/000 seeds) 185


Leading characters: Paidar 91 a Desivariety. Plants medium tall, stem thin,anthocyanin weak, foliage light green, flower pink. Pod shape rhomboid, beak short,pubescence weak, light brown. Seed size medium, shape ramhead, beak medium,surface moderately wrinkled and light brown in color.


42/106


NIFA 95


Parentage: Local Mutant 6153 (10 kr)

Check: .NIFA 88


Center: NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar

Maintainer: NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar


Growth habit: Spreading, medium maturing (190-105 days), lodgetolerant.

Height and branching: Plants medium tall (80-90 cm), medium branched,semi erect in attitude, stem anthocyanin weak.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, dark green in color, sparsely hairy, leafletsize medium, length 1.4, width 0.6 cm, leaf rachis anthocyanin weak,senescence late.

Flower: Flowering medium (90 days). Flower size medium, standard colorpink, peduncle anthocyanin weak.

Pod: Size medium, 1-2 seeded, constrictions weak, pubescence medium,beak short, pods/plant 80-100, length 2.5, width 1.2, thickness 1.0 cm withpeduncle length 1.0 cm


Seed: Seed size medium, length 8.9, width 6.6, thickness 6.0 mm, Seedshape ramhead, color light brown, wrinkles medium, dots present.



Leading characters: NIFA 95 a Desi mutant. Plants medium tall,spreading, foliage dark green, flower pink. Pod rhomboid, beak short,light brown. Seed medium, ramhead, wrinkled, light brown.


43/106


PUNJAB 2000


Parentage: Local cross C 87/C 44

Check: Punjab 91

Breeders: Ali, A. et al.

Center: PRI, AARI, Faisalabad

Maintainer: PRI, AARI, Faisalabad


Growth habit: Erect semi bushy, medium early maturing (160-170 days),lodge tolerant.

Height and branching: Plant height medium (60-70 cm), mediumbranching, semi erect, stem hairiness sparse, and anthocyanin absent.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, light green in color, medium hairy,terminal leaflet medium, obovate, length 15-18, width 8-10 petiole 15-20mm, anthocyanin absent, senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium (112 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor blue, peduncle anthocyanin absent.



Seed: Seed size bold, length 7.5, width 7.4 mm. Seed shape ramhead, colorbrown, surface medium wrinkled rough, dots absent.



Leading characters: Punjab 2000 a medium duration chickpea variety. Plantsshort, erect semi bushy, foliage light green, medium hairy, flower blue. Pod lightbrown, 1-2 seeded. Seed ramhead bold, rough and color brown.


44/106


WANHAR 2000


Parentage: Exotic selection: ILC 5928/{ILC5928/ILC72) (ILC3856/

E100YM)}Check: Punjab 91

Breeders: Chaudhry, G. A. et al.

Center: BARI, AARI, Faisalabad

Maintainer: BARI, AARI, Faisalabad



Height and branching: Plant height medium (55-60 cm), mediumbranching, semi erect in attitude, stem nonhairy and anthocyanin medium.



Pod: Size medium large, light brown at maturity, constrictions absent,shatter low, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak medium, pods/plant 45-60,length 24-27, width 10-12 mm.


Seed: Seed size medium bold, length 8.5, width 6.0 mm. Seed shaperamhead, color brown, surface medium wrinkled rough, dots absent.



Leading characters: Wanhar 2000 a medium duration Desi variety. Plantsmediumt, foliage green, sparsely hairy, flower pink. Pod light brown, 1-2 seeded.Seed ramhead size medium bold, surface rough and color brown.


45/106


LAWAGHAR 2000


Parentage: Introduction (Exotic material)

Check: KC 98

Breeders: Ahmad, B. et al.

Center: ARS, Kark




Height and branching: Plant height medium (50-65 cm), mediumbranching, semi erect, stem hairiness sparse, and anthocyanin absent.


Flower: Flowering medium (115 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor white, peduncle anthocyanin absent.

Pod: Size medium large, light brown at maturity, constrictions absent,shatter low, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak medium, pods/plant 40-45,length 25-27, width 15-20 mm.


Seed: Seed size bold, length 10.0, width 7.0 mm. Seed ramhead, color

beige, surface wrinkled, dots absent.



Leading characters: Lawaghar 2000 a medium duration chickpea variety.Plants medium, erect semi bushy, foliage light green, sparsely hairy, flower white.Pod shape rhomboid, light brown at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seed sizebold, color beige, medium wrikled and ramhead.


46/106


PARBAT 98


Parentage: Local cross ICC 11514/ILC 3279

Check: Paidar 91

Breeders: Bakhsh, A. et al.

Center: NARC, PARC, Islamabad

Maintainer: NARC, PARC, Islamabad



Height and branching: Plant height medium (55-60 cm), mediumbranching, erect semi bushy, stem hairiness and anthocyanin medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, light green, medium hairy, terminal leafletmedium, obovate, length 16-20, width 7-10 petiole 18-20 mm, anthocyaninweak, senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium (110 days). Flower size medium, standardcolor pink, peduncle anthocyanin strong.

Pod: Size medium large, light brown at maturity, constrictions weak,shatter low, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak short, pods/plant 45-55,length 20-24, width 8-10 mm.



color beige, surface medium smooth, dots absent.



Leading characters: Parbat 98 a medium duration chickpea variety. Plantsshort, erect semi bushy, foliage light green, medium hairy, flower pink. Pod shaperhomboid, light brown at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seed ramhead sizemedium, surface medium rough and color beige.


47/106


SHEENGHAR 2000



Check: NIFA 88

Breeders: Ahmad, B. et al.

Center: ARS, Kark




Height and branching: Plant height medium (55-60 cm), mediumbranching, semi erect, stem hairiness sparse, and anthocyanin medium.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, dark green, sparsely hairy, terminal leafletmedium, obovate, length 16-20, width 7-10 petiole 18-20 mm, anthocyaninweak, senescence medium.


Pod: Size medium large, light brown at maturity, constrictions weak,shatter low, 1-2 seeded, pubescence weak, beak medium, pods/plant 35-40,length 20-24, width 8-10 mm.



color brown gray, surface medium wrinkled rough.



Leading characters: Sheenghar 2000 a medium duration Desi chickpeavariety. Plants short, erect semi bushy, foliage dark green, medium hairy, flowerpink. Pod shape rhomboid, light brown at maturity, and generally 1-2 seeded. Seedramhead size medium, surface medium wrinkled, rough and color brown.


48/106


MUNG VARIETEIS


49/106


NM 28

Type: Mung, (Vigna radiata).

Parentage:: Mutant: Pak 17 (20 kr)

Check: 6601

Breeders: Malik, I.A.; et al.




Growth habit: Erect semi bushy, semi determinate medium early maturing(80-85 days), lodge tolerant.

Height and branching: Plants medium tall (90-95 cm), medium branched,semi erect in attitude, stem reddish green, hairiness absent.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, green in color, sparsely hairy, terminalleaflet medium, ovate, length 9-10 cm, petiole 12-18 cm, leaf rachispurplish green, senescence medium.

Flower: Flowering medium (45 days). Flower size medium, standard colorlight yellow, peduncle anthocyanin weak.

Pod: Size large, brown at maturity, round, curvature weak, shattertolerant, 10-12 seeded, constrictions absent, pubescence medium, beakmedium, pods/plant 25-30, length 8-9 cm, width 4.2 mm. Pods mostly ontop.

Seed yield kg/ha: 1500-1600Seed: Seed size medium, length 3.7, width 2.9 mm, Seed shape oval, colorlight green shiny, mottling absent.


Variants: Growth and branching varies when sown early, or late.

Leading characters: NIAB Mung 28 a mutant. Plants medium tall, semideterminate, erect bushy, foliage green, sparsely hairy, flower light yellow. Podround, beak medium, curvature weak, pubescence medium, brown, and generally 10-12 seeded. Seed medium, oval, shiny and light green.


50/106


NM 13-1


Parentage: Local Mutant 6601 (10 kr)

Check: 6601

Breeders: Mali, I.A., et al.



Status: Released 1986

Growth habit: Erect, semi bushy, semi determinate, early maturing (55-65days), lodge tolerant.

Height and branching: Plants medium short (55-60 cm), mediumbranched, semi erect in attitude, stem reddish green, hairiness sparse.

Foliage: Foliage medium dense, green in color, sparsely hairy, terminalleaflet medium, ovate, length 10-13 cm, petiole 12-18 cm, leaf rachispurplish green, senescence early.

Flower: Flowering medium (35 days). Flower size medium, standard colorlight yellow, peduncle anthocyanin medium.

Pod: Size large, brown at maturity, round with weak curvature, shattertolerant, 10-12 seeded, constrictions absent, pubescence medium, beakmedium, pods/plant 25-30, length 7-8 cm, width 4-5 mm.


Seed: Seed size bold, length 4.5, width 3.6 mm, Seed shape oval, colorlight green shiny, mottling absent.



Leading characters: NIAB Mung 13-1 a short duration mutant. Plantsmedium short, semi determinate, erect, foliage green, sparsely hairy, flower lightyellow. Pod round, beak medium, curvature weak and pubescence medium, brown.Seed medium, shape oval, shiny and light green. Pods on top.


51/106


NM 19-19


Parentage: Local Mutant Pak 22 (40 kr)

Check: 6601

Breeders: Malik, I. et al.



Status: Released 1986

Growth habit: Semi erect, semi determinate, early maturing (63-65 days).

Height and branching: Plants medium short (60-65 cm), well branched,semi erect in attitude, stem reddish green, hairiness sparse.


Flower: Flowering medium (90 days). Flower size medium, standard colorlight yellow, peduncle anthocyanin weak.

Pod: Size large, brown at maturity, round with weak curvature, shattertolerant, 12-13 seeded, constrictions medium, pubescence medium, beakmedium, pods/plant 35-40, length 7-8 cm, width 4-5 mm.


Seed: Seed size medium, length 4.5, width 3.5 mm, Seed shape oval, color

light green shiny, mottling absent.



Leading characters: NIAB Mung 19-19 a short duration mutant. Plantsmedium short, semi determinate, erect bushy, foliage green, sparsely hairy, flowerlight yellow. Pod round, beak medium, curvature weak and pubescence medium,brown, and generally 12-13 seeded. Seed medium, oval, shiny and light green.


52/106


NM 20-21

Type: Mung, (Vigna radiate).

Parentage: Local Mutant Pak 22 (40 kr)

Check: .NM 28

Breeders: Malik, I. A; et al.




Growth habit: Erect semi bushy, semi determinate, early maturing (55-65days).

Height and branching: Plants short (45-50 cm), medium branched, semierect in attitude, stem reddish green, hairiness weak.


Flower: Flowering early (35 days). Flower size medium, standard colorlight yellow, peduncle anthocyanin medium.

Pod: Size large, brown at maturity, round, curvature weak, shattertolerant, 10-12 seeded, constrictions absent, pubescence medium, beakmedium, pods/plant 30-32, length 7-8 cm, width

Date post:	03-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	muhammad-boota-sarwar
View:	217 times
Download:	0 times

PULSE VARIETIES OF PAKISTAN

Documents