Pulses Have Clear Benefits For Consumers

Guy Coudert

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Who are the consumers ?

Difficult to answer

North/South ?

East/West ?

Developped countries/Developping countries ?

Or…

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Consumers in a changing world

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Consumers in a changing world

World Population 20509,22020

7,720076,7

Over 60s

230

420

830

Life expectancy

Swaziland 32

Andorra 83

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Consumers in a changing world Why aren’t you worried about climate change/global warming?

40%Humans do not cause it/it is just natural variation

47%There are many more other serious/urgent problems in the world

18%It is no yet a problem

15%It will not affect me in my lifetime

14%Technologies will take care of the problem for us

14%Warmer temperatures are good for me

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What Does the Consumers Want?

Health/Well-Being

Indulgence/Pleasure

Ethical

Convenience/Practicality

4 megatrends

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GDP / Household expenditures on food

Health & Well Being

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« Globesity" - A major public health

The global epidemic of overweight and obesity is rapidly becoming a major public health problem in many parts of the world.

Paradoxically coexisting with undernutrition in developing countries.

The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity is associated with many diet-related chronic diseases including : diabetes mellitus,

cardiovascular disease,

stroke, hypertension and,

certain cancers.

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The International Classification of adult underweight, overweight and obesity

BMI classification Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults.

BMI = 70 kg / (1.75 m)2 = 70 / 3,0625 = 22.9

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The International Classification of adult underweight, overweight and obesity

You are 1,75 m high and your weight is

You BMI is Your

Classification

Below 57 kg <18.50 Underweight

Between 57 & 77 kg 18.50 - 24.99 Normal range

Between 77 & 92 kg =25.00 Overweight

Above 92 kg =30.00 Obese

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FAO World Overweigth (Obese + pre-Obese)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 USA 66,4USA 66,4UK 67,8UK 67,8Saudi Arabia 73,4Saudi Arabia 73,4

Tunisia 43,9Tunisia 43,9Ireland 44,0Ireland 44,0Belgium 44,1Belgium 44,1

India 4;5India 4;5Laos 9,4Laos 9,4Ghana 11,24Ghana 11,24

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Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adultsResults of a collaborative analyses of

57 prospective studies The Lancet, 28 March 2009

In both sexes, mortality was lowest at about 22·5—25 kg/m2.

Above this range, each 5 kg/m2 higher BMI was on average associated with about 30% higher overall mortality

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The relations with pulses?

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Eat at least one dark green and one orange vegetable each day.

Choose vegetables and fruit with little or no added fat, sugar or salt.

Have vegetables and fruit more often than juice.

Make at least half of your grain products whole grain each day.

Choose grain products that are lower in fat, sugar or salt.

Drink skim, 1% or 2% milk each day. Drink fortified soy beverage if you do not drink milk.

Select lower fat milk alternatives.

Have meat alternatives such as beans, lentils and tofu often.

Choose at least two Food Guide Servings of fish each week.

Select lean meat and alternatives prepared with little or no added fat or salt.

Include a small amount of unsaturated fat each day.

Satisfy your thirst with water.

Limit foods and beverages high in calories, fat, sugar or salt.

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When selecting and preparing meat, poultry, dry beans, and milk or milk products, make choices that are lean, low-fat, or fat-free.

Vegetarians could select only nuts, seeds, and legumes from the meat and beans group.

Women and Folic Acid

A daily intake of 400 μg/day of synthetic folic acid (from fortified foods or supplements in addition to food forms of folate from a varied diet).

It is not known whether the same level of protection could be achieved by using food that is naturally rich in folate.

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France PNNS Dietary recommandations

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Leguminous seeds

Leguminous seeds that are consumed as food are; chickpea, lentil, bean, pea, kidney-bean and soybean.

Because its dietary fibre content is high and its fat content is low, they must be placed in diets of cardiac patients.

To increase protein quality they must be consumed with cereal grains.

They must be consumed with foods that are rich of vitamin C, for beneficence of minerals, especially iron

To maintain the balance between height and on the basis of it appropriate weight is the key for long and healthy life.

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Variety in food is not only the spice of life but also the essence of nutrition and health.

Cereals, millets and pulses are major sources of most nutrients.

Inclusion of eggs, flesh foods and fish enhances the quality of diet. However, vegetarians can derive almost all the nutrients on cereal/pulse/milk-based diets.

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Traditionally, Chinese diets have been composed mainly of cereals. With the development of the economy and the rise in the living standard in China there is a trend toward consuming more animal foods.

According to the result of the National Nutrition Survey conducted in 1992, the consumption of animal foods in higher income families has already exceeded the consumption of cereals.

Such a "westernized" or "affluent"diet contains inappropriately high amounts of energy and fat and inappropriately low amounts of dietary fiber.

This type of diet may lead to higher incidence of a variety of chronic disorders.

To remind people to maintain the favorable traditional Chinese diet and avoid the dietary problems encountered in developed countries,the Commission stresses that our diet should be based on cereals.

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Going from West to East

Canada and USA: Western Diets

French Paradox

Turkey/India/China diets

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health StatusMediterranean diet and risk for

Alzheimer's disease (Annals of Neurology)

A total of 2,258 community-based nondemented individuals in New York were prospectively evaluated during 4 years.

Higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with lower risk for AD

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health StatusThe prevention of dementia International

(Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

Dementia is prevalent in older adults and the population is ageing.

Having education and maintaining a Mediterranean diet, have been linked to a lower incidence of dementia

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Status Conformity to traditional Mediterranean diet and

cancer incidence (British Journal of Cancer )

Adherence to traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) has been reported to be inversely associated with total, as well as cardiovascular, mortality.

Degree of adherence to the traditional MD was assessed through a 10-point scale (0 minimal; 9 maximal) that incorporated key dietary characteristics. During a median follow-up of 7.9 years and 188 042 total person-years

A two-point increase in the score corresponded to a 12% reduction in cancer incidence

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Status Hazard ratios for incident cancer by score in the

mediterranean Diet Scale among 25 623 cohort participants

Score 0–3 Score 4–5 Score 6–9For any cancer Reference 0.84 0.78  Smoking-related cancers Reference 0.83 0.86  Smoking-unrelated cancers Reference 0.86 0.70

 Men Reference 0.96 0.83  Women Reference 0.74 0.73

Category of the mediterranean diet score

By sex (all cancers)

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Status Incidence and relative risk of type 2 diabetes

during follow-up according to adherence to Mediterranean food pattern

Low (score 0-2)

Moderate (score 3-6)

High (score 7-9)

No in group 2253 9604 1523Incidence rate ratio adjusted for age and sex

Reference 0.41 0.17

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Pulses have clear benefits

Pregnant women and children have specific needs

Children

Adults

Old persons

They all have different needs

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Food Intake and Social Inequalities

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Healthy Diets: What guidelines?

Highest rates of obesity occur among populations groups whith highest poverty rates

Diets on refined grains, added sugars and fats are more affordable than diets based on lean meats, fish, fresh vegetables and fruit

Rising rates of obesity in industrialized societies have been linked to the growing consumption of fast foods, snacks, caloric beverages, sweets and desserts (University of Washington, Seattle, USA)

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Diet Quality and Health of the Poor

Deficiencies of essential micronutrients are now recognized as the most widespread nutritional problem facing the world today, especially among women and children.

As a result of the “nutrition transition”, hunger among the poor also manifests itself in over-consumption of cheap, energy-rich, but nutrient-poor, foods, leading to obesity in populations still affected by high rates of micronutrient deficiency.

This nutrition transition, which is rooted in the processes of globalization, is not just affecting the affluent.

Obesity and related diseases are now problems for poor countries and poor people.

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Diet Quality and Health of the Poor

Obesity leads to diet-related chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and some cancers.

Developing countries thus now face a double burden of malnutrition (under- and over) and associated diseases (infectious and chronic).

Policies are needed to address both micronutrient deficiency and obesity, sometimes in very different communities, sometimes in the same. This is a serious nutritional and public health challenge.

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What is the impact of high world food prices - who benefits and who loses? The global cost of imported foodstuffs has jumped by at

least 20 percent since 2006 to the highest level on record.

It is evident that, when food prices rise, consumers are the first to suffer.

Especially in low-income and food-deficit countries, rising food prices translate into hefty increases of food import bills with negative impacts on the balance of payments.

For several years, consumers around the world have benefited from low food prices.

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What is the impact of high world food prices - who benefits and who loses? In many countries, farmers could only grow agricultural

crops thanks to strong government support.

Most developing countries could not afford to provide such support measures. As a result, investment in agriculture has declined and many poorer countries became increasingly dependent on imports to meet their domestic food requirements.

If today’s high prices really trickle down to the farm level in developing countries, they could have a very positive impact on food production and convert agriculture into an engine of growth and employment, especially in rural areas.

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