Pumped-hydro energy storage: potential for transformation from single dams Analysis of the potential for transformation of non-hydropower dams and reservoir hydropower schemes into pumping hydropower schemes in Europe Roberto Lacal Arántegui, Institute for Energy and Transport, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Petten, the Netherlands. Niall Fitzgerald and Paul Leahy, Sustainable Energy Research Group, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. EUR 25239 EN - 2012
Transcript
Pumped-hydro energy storage: potential for transformation from single dams
Analysis of the potential for transformation of non-hydropower dams and reservoir hydropower schemes into pumping hydropower schemes in Europe
Roberto Lacal Arántegui, Institute for Energy and Transport, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Petten, the Netherlands.
Niall Fitzgerald and Paul Leahy, Sustainable Energy Research Group, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
EUR 25239 EN - 2012
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6 We estimated at 30 – 40 sites being geo-referenced per day for one person not knowing the native language.
7 See Wikipedia and ESRI (www.esri.com) for further definitions
Figure 4: SRTM elevation data download map
SRTM1
SRTM2
SRTM3
SRTM X
Mosaic SRTM files
Extract by country
Final SRTM Raster
Convert to projected coordinate system ArcGIS
Arcmap
Locate remaining dams using Google Earth
Convert KML to SHP
Add XY coordinates
Add dam elevations
Final dam shape file
Add reservoir capacity
Add the geo-referenced dams from GRanD
Convert to projected coordinate system
Figure 6: geo-referencing dam locations
Calculate slope of areas inside buffer zones
Select areas with slope between 0 and 5 degree
Select areas with average elevation 150 metres above the dam under test
Buffer placed around dams under test
Calculate average elevation in the area with slope between 0 and 5 degree with slope
Each dam has a number of potential reservoir sites. Filter sites with largest energy storage in
GWh
Figure 7: TA algorithm flow diagram
Figure 9: determine the horizontal and vertical deltas
µ" V E hg=
Figure 10: ArcGIS areas with slope between 0 and 5 degrees (in green)
Figure 11: Head calculation
Potential dam site
Existing dam/ Dam ID
Head (min. 150 m)
Existing reservoir
0.5km->2.5km
Existing reservoir
0.5km->2.5km
Figure 12: Buffer distance from existing dam to potential dam site or existing second dam
Figure 15: elevation histogram of the dams in Croatia, above 1 000 000 m3 that are analysed in GIS
Figure 14: ArcGIS Croatian map and layers used.
Figure 16: Croatian sample transformation site analysis - Razovac dam
Figure 18: Croatia TA physical “realisable” potential after applying three filters
Figure 20: map of Turkey with the layers included in the analysis
Figure 21: elevation histogram of the dams in Turkey, with a reservoir capacity of 1 000 000 m3 or above
Figure 27: Split of cost for a specific PHS project
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10 As [60] suggested “what is important is the difference between off-peak and peak electricity prices, multiplied by efficiency”
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European Commission EUR 25239 EN – Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and Transport Title: Pumped-hydro energy storage: potential for transformation from single dams Author(s): Roberto Lacal Arántegui, Institute for Energy and Transport, Joint Research Centre of
the European Commission, Petten, the Netherlands. Niall Fitzgerald and Paul Leahy, Sustainable Energy Research Group, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2012 – 55 pp. – 21 x 29.7 cm EUR – Scientific and Technical Research series – ISSN 1831-9424 ISBN 978-92-79-23182-7 doi:10.2790/44844 Cover picture: Dam of Cortes II, part of the pumped-hydropower scheme Cortes – La Muela, in Spain. Courtesy of Iberdrola Abstract Electricity storage is one of the main ways to enable a higher share of variable renewable electricity such as wind and solar, the other being improved interconnections, flexible conventional generation plant, and demand-side management.
Pumped hydropower storage (PHS) is currently the only electricity storage technology able to offer large-scale storage as that needed for accommodating renewable electricity under the 2020 EU energy targets.
Compared with the high environmental and social impact of most new hydropower plant in Europe, the transformation of an existing reservoir into a PHS system offers the prospects of a much smaller environmental and social impact.
The authors developed a geographical information systems (GIS) -based methodology and model to identify the potential for transforming single reservoirs into PHS systems, and to assess the additional energy storage which these new PHS could contribute to the electricity systems. The methodology was applied as case studies to Croatia and Turkey.
GIS-based tools have the potential for effective and efficient identification of both national/EU potentials (of policy and scientific-interest) and individual site candidates for transformation (pre-feasibility, project-level). Once the model is set up, improvements to such tools, e.g. allowing better sensitivity analysis, can be effectively applied to the whole of the EU with minimum effort.
This paper first summarises the methodology and tool used and then exposes the results of its application to two countries as case studies. These results limit the assessment to potential sites within 5 km of one existing reservoir (TA) or of one another (TB), and a minimum 150 m of head. In the case of Croatia, it was found that at least a potential of 60 GWh is possible for which can be compared with the existing 20 GWh of storage capacity at its PHS plants. In the case of Turkey a potential of 3 800 GWh was assessed mostly under TA, with 2 potential TB sites providing three additional GWh of storage potential.
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