Date post: | 06-Jan-2018 |
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Purpose
• To deepen your knowledge to use satellite images for practical nowcasting during situations of summer convection Model monitoring Interpretation of relevant structures Optimal utilisation of different kind of data
radar, NWP, radiosoundings, synops
Pre-requesites
• Pre-reading of material and quiz in relation to "Convection"
• Online-presentation
Content
1. Repition conceptual models– Diagrammes– How it looks in satellite images, typical structures
2. Nowcasting process– Pre-warning– Interpretation of satellite images– combination with radar (briefly)
3. Group work and discussions
Conceptual models
Typical hodographs
single cell
multi cell
super cell
Development stages of single cells
Radar echos within a multi cell
WER = Weak Echo Region
Cross section of a super cell
gust front
hail
hailrain
gust clouds
Windspeed
Height
(km)
Height
(km)
Movement of the system: from left to righthorizontal hatched: updraft, vertical hatched: radar echo of more than 10³ mm6m-3
Right diagramm: wind speed relatively to the movement of the super cell
Overshooting possible
Radar echos within a squall-line
NOAA-VIS, 28.05.99, 14 UTC: Convective structures
Multicells, cirrus shield spreaded to the NE according to high level wind
Single cells
Super cells, first overshootings
Squall-line development
V-Notch: NOAA IR 10.8 μm (02.06.99, 14:52 UTC)
Video
V-Notches:tip directed to SW
and to SE, repectively
Squall-Line: NOAA IR 10.8 μm (02.06.1999, 17:25)
Squall-Line: NOAA VIS 0.8 μm (02.06.1999, 17:25)
Overshootings
Bow structure
MCC: NOAA 0.8 μm (28.05.99, 17:36 UTC)
Overshootings
MCC: NOAA IR 10.8 μm (28.05.99, 17:36 UTC)
Nowcasting - process
Pre-warning (NWP-fields), here onlysurface pressure+ equivalent potential temperature (850 hPa)
KO-index + vertical velocity in 500 hPa
Pre-warning (radiosoundings)
Radiosoundings (Middle Europe): KO + Wind 850 hPa
present situation: potential instability
Radiosounding (SW-Germany): Measurement + evaluation
GME+06h (02-06-09, 06 UTC):NWP-field okay? / which conceptual model?
Airmass-RGB + potential vorticity 330 K (near tropopause)
GME+12h (02-06-09, 12 UTC)KO-Index and vertical motion (500 hPa)(Two critical areas over / near Germany)
GME+12h (02-06-09, 12 UTC)Surface pressure and Theta (850 hPa)
(Two convergences over / near Germany)
Nowcasting up to 6 hours(which conceptual models can be used)
Convection at leading edge of frontal cloud band (from Satmanu)
Convection by PV-triggering (from Satmanu)
PV-max PVAconvection
PVA
movement
Airmass-RGB + PV at 330 KEllipse: Convection at leading edge of frontal cloud bandsArrows: PV-maxima 6 hours later Convection by PV?
2-6-09, 06 UTC: Surface pressure tendencies (hPa/10/3h) + 10 m wind + Water vapour 6.2 μm
Weather monitoringand nowcasting
Utilisation of different products (beginning convection)(02-06-2009)
HRV: 9:30 Radar (1km): 9:45 IR-CTT < -25°C: 10:15
RGB "Airmass": 11:30(becoming less suitable – not further used)
RGB "Severe convection": 11:30(becoming more important)
!!
less dangerous
2-6-09, 12:30 UTC: 10 m wind + "Severe convection"
2-6-09, 12:30 UTC: 10 m wind + IR-enhanced (hail possible)
2-6-09, 14 UTC: Surface pressure tendencies (hPa/10/3h) (decreasing, increasing) + 10 m wind + HRV
2-6-09, 14:30 UTC: 10 m wind + IR-enhanced (V-structure)
2-6-09, 14:30 UTC: Information from different remote sensing(strong convection)
9 km
9 km
hail likely, cell's mature stage
HRV: overshooting severe convection, cells' development southeast
IR-enhanced: V-structure severe convection, cells' development southeast
"severe convection": small ice particles at SE edge of big complex strongest updraft.
New cells SE of it, small yellow area development potential.
Doppler: gusts at least 35 knots, observation network: "only" 19 knots
2-6-09, 18 UTC: Surface pressure tendencies (hPa/10/3h) + (decreasing, increasing) + 10 m wind + HRV
Increasing surface pressure convection's weakening
Summary
1. For "early warning"– NWP (monitoring with corresponding measurments and/or satellite images)– NWP: Regions of convection– Radiosoundings
2. Nowcasting– before clouds develop and during convection's onset: Airmass / WV
• some hours before hints to probable convection (consider also the movement of relevant structures (PV-maxima))
– HRV with first hints, followed by a) radar b) IR and composites– After convection started
• Airmass and WV with reduced benefit• "Severe convection" very helpful for development's potential• IR: hail, V-structures (according enhancement)• HRV: Overshootings, most active convection, V-structure, bow-structure• Fine structure: radar• Thunderstorms: Lightning detection
• Observations / measurements, of course!