PV integration into the grid - cost of storage

IEFE

PV Integration into the Gridcost of storage

Franz Baumgartner, Prof. Dr.ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences,

University of Applied Science Zuerich; www.zhaw.ch/~bauf ; 120308 [email protected];

ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering Winterthur; Renewable Energy, IEFEinv. Talk at Bifacial Workshop, am 2012-04-24 Konstanz D

Toc1. Traditional power flow in the grid2. PV power limited by the grid3. Cost of storage & Smart Grid

IEFEGlobal drivers for the CHANGE

CO2 Peak Oil

2100 +6°C?

regionalclimate changes

Stat. prov. Oil reserves : 2050 ?, BRIC…?


Risk's: Costs / Environment Chances: Jobs / Business+1000 CHF

@ 3000 Lit

+2000 CHF

@ 3000 Lit

Stat. prov. Oil reserves : 2050 ?, BRIC…?

Öl-Preisakt. 120$/blin 2008;40$ - 150$

200$/bl ?

Consensus change to renewables D, CH….?Deep water horizon, Japan nuclear spring 11

IEFECost reduction with different signs

Photovoltaic / cost reduction Nuclear reactor / cost reduction


Breyer, EUPVSEC, Hamburg Sept 2011

IEFECost reduction of modules and BOS

Oerlikon Solar, Produktionlinie, Schweiz Gerold Büchel, PV Industry Forum, Munich 10 June 2008

KAI MT

new 2012

0.35€/W

cost .o.o.


2012 2020

Module60%

30%

BOS40%

BOS70%

30 Rp/kWh PV Trends

15 Rp/kWh

19 Rp/kWh

BOS 70€/m2 mounting at 14% , 0.5€/Wp

IEFETraditional Electrical Power Engineering

Each electron has to find their customer each second !


VSE Schweiz; http://www.strom.ch/de/dossiers/stromgrafiken.html

http://www.ntb.ch/java/Drehfeld.html

IEFE1. Traditionelle Stromnetze im Wandel

• The leading Renewable Electricity Market Germany will face the limitations in the grid first!

University of Applied Science Zurich; www.zhaw.ch/~bauf; 120424 [email protected]; slide 6

IEFETraditional Power Plant’s in Germany

Fr. 04.02.2011 So 20.03.2011

18 GW Nuklear

12 GW Nuklear

www.transparency.exx.com


Abschaltung von 7 KKW Reaktoren am 16. März 2011Nach dem Unfall in Japan am 11. März und vor den Landtagswahlenin Baden Württemberg: Neckarwestheim-1, Philippsburg-1 (Baden-Württ.),Biblis A und B (Hessen), Isar-1 (München) und Unterweser (Niedersachs).

IEFEWind and Solar relevant in today’s German GridFriday 04.02.201112:00 load 68 GW33% Wind+Solar

Sunday 20.03.201112:00 load 46 GW25% Wind+Solar


Starke Windkraft

Starke Solarkraft

www.transparency.exx.com

IEFELokale Sonnenstromproduktion - Gestern


http://www.sma.de/en/news-information/pv-electricity-produced-in-germany.html

IEFEBRD Solar - Gestern


http://www.transparency.eex.com

Solar 16 GW

Wind <2 GW

IEFE1% PV market growth Germany, simple modell

9% 51GW2017

12% 68GW2020


+ 1%/ajährlichneuerPV Strom-anteil

4%24GW_PV2012-03

3% 17GW_PV

2011-03

IEFEGermans North South Bottle Neck

Sturmtief Ekkehardt am 8/9. Dez 2011, erforderte Kaltreserve Ölkraftwerk in Graz A;Block C des Atomkraftwerks Gundremmingen war unplanmäßig abgeschaltet


Quelle: Institute for Power Systems and Power Economics, RWTH Aachen, University, 2005;bzw. N. Schrader, Deutsche Umwelthilfe, Netzintegration BUND Umwelttage Radolfzell, 2010-01-05

http://www.transparency.eex.com

IEFESwitzerland by factors behind RE Germany

vgl. Ziel Schweiz Bundesrat und VSE für 2035 ein plus von EE 7 bis 10%, Stand 2010


201096.100

Was wird heute 2012 erreicht!(nicht was wurde versprochen oder gewollt!)

Schweiz BRDSolarstrom 0.2% 4%Windstrom 0.1% 7%Biogene Stoffe 0.5% 6%Wasserkraft 57% 4%

IEFE

• 56% Wasserkraft• Leistung Pump-

speicherwerke1.4 GW (2% elec.)

• Ausbauziele Schweiz ca. 4GW

• Der Erlös aus Exporten

Loadprofil in Switzerland 2008

PV ??Hydro


• Der Erlös aus Exportenvon Elektrizität 66.3TWh lag im Jahr 2010 bei 5064 Millionen Franken (7,65Rappen/kWh). Für Importe 66.8TWh ergaben sich Ausgaben von 3736 Millionen Franken (5,60Rappen/kWh).

VSE Schweiz, 2008

http://www.strom.ch/de/dossiers/stromgrafiken.html

Nuclear

Hydro

IEFE2. PV Power limited by the grid


IEFESzenario A: Überschüsse am Wochenende

5% PV


10% PV

F. Baumgartner, Progress of Photovoltaic, Oct 2011, EUPVSEC 2010

IEFEPhotovoltaik hat stets Vorrang im Netz

Szenario B: mit 17% PV Stromanteildie Grundlast wird nachgeregelt (vgl. EEG in BRD)

University of Applied Science Zuerich; www.zhaw.ch/~bauf ; 120308 [email protected]; F. Baumgartner, Progress of Photovoltaic, Oct 2011, EUPVSEC 2010

Plenary Talk 5EP.2.1, F. Baumgartner at EU Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference 2010-09-10, Valencia

IEFEErgebnis aller Szenarien

50%load

losses

Keine weiteren neuen Erneuerbaren Quellen berücksichtigt!


Leistung für Speicher 30% der mittleren Leistung (ca. 3GW)

IEFEPeak shift - battery storage

PV production0.20-0.40 SFr/kWh

Speichern0.30-0.70 SFr/kWh

todays costs


N. Kreutzer, C. Allert, J. Weide, M. Rothert, F. Thim; 4BV.1.3125th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference /5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain

IEFE

ZHAW case study Switzerlandgrid extension versu battery storage

115kW PV

100kWh(100 000SFr flow redox)Return of investment 10 yearsat a feed-in tarif of 0.42 SFr/kWh+ KEV 9600 SFr


+ KEV 9600 SFr400kWh no RoI

30kW line limit46 GWh lost,grid extension costs90 000 SFr(+ feed-in 19600SFrRoI 5 years)

Lukas Baumgartner, ZHAW SoE Projektarbeit 2011

4x50mm2

4x240mm2 / 440m

+3%

+5%14 MWh

IEFEStorage size


IEFEEV’s battery, typ. Lithium 20kWh

Each EV20kWh pro E-Autoca. 6000 Fr (2020)

Schweiz 100% EV4. Mio E-mobile=80 GWh


=80 GWh(ca. 24 Mrd SFr !!!!!)

Pumped Hydro St. lake25Mio m3 Wasser600m = 41GWh

Todays hydro capac. SwitzerlandCa. 9 000 GWh

40875000 Li Battery, Nissan Leaf

IEFEDie Kosten der Batteriespeicher sollen sinken

Anmerkung: BA Arbeit 2010 ZHAW; R. Bosshard, M. Moser; Li-Ionen Offerte, 900€/kWh mit 80% DOD von 4.3kWh, 2000 Zyklen, folgt 76 Rp/kWh (25 Rp at 300€)

ca. 20 Rp/kWh


25kWh battery cost at $11,250

25kWh battery cost at $6,250

Rp/kWh

Li-Ion batteries: 1000$/kWh (2010) to 400$/kWh(2020), NAS Nat. Academies of Science, US

IEFE

ABB & EKZ Li 500 kWh Batt –UPS – industrial use

Started Feb 2012• 1MW power• 10 000 Li cells (20 EV’s)• 95% efficiency• Load leveling 20kV

University of Applied Science Zurich; www.zhaw.ch/~bauf; 120424 [email protected]; slide

• Load leveling 20kV

24

IEFENaS high temperature battery

NaS: 0.5MW x 6 h

(Preisbasis 300MW, large NAS Battery forUnited Arab Emirates in 2009, 720 Mio US$; about 2300$/kWTotal kWh = 330,000kW×6hours×4500 = 8.91 billion kWhCycles 4500


www.photovoltik.eu 2011 Juni

cost 0.72/8.91 = US $0.08/kWh + interest

efficiency is 75%Cost = (4/3)×0.06 + 0.08 + interest = US $0.16 + interest

www.energystoragenews.com, 2009 Nov

IEFECompresse air – daily storage


Cost target 2020: 3-5 €ct/kWh ( 1GW for 8 h )VDE, Energiespeicher Studie 2009; www.vde.com

IEFEPV –EV- and Battery Storages at Home

• Sharp nutzt im Demonstra-tionsprojekt Eco House die Batterie des Elektroauto iMiEV, um die Leistung von 8 kW dem Hausstromnetz zur Verfügung zu stellen. (z.B. über DC Hausstrom-


(z.B. über DC Hausstrom-netz) Gleichzeitig ist die Sharp Leistungselektronik fähig, 4 kWh PV Energie in 30 Minuten wieder in die Autobatterie zu laden.

http://sharp-world.com/corporate/news/110222.html

Anmerkung: ca. 10 000€ für kWh Batterie mit Elektronik

IEFEStorage technologies on the market


IEFEBattery Data

Speichertyp Heute[€/MWh]

Trend 2020[€/MWh]

Anmerkung

Druckluft - Kavernen 30-60 30 Wirkungsgrad

Flow-Redox 400 100 Langzeitspeicher

Lithium Batterie 500 120 auch Kurzzeitspeicher, E-Mobile


Bleibatterie 200 100 Zyklenzahl, Pb Einsatz ?

NaS Hochtemperatur 250 80 Leistungspreis hoch, Entladung

Methan ? ? Wirkungsgrad, Erdgasnetz

Wasserstoff 250 ? 100? Kosten / Infrastruktur

Schwungrad ? ? Geringe Leistungsdichte, Kosten

Pumpspeichersee Hydro 30-100 30-50 Standorte limitiert

29

www.photovoltik.eu 2011 Juni

IEFEPower to Gas

University of Applied Science Zurich; www.zhaw.ch/~bauf; 120424 [email protected]; slide 30 http://abgnova.de/pdf/Sterner_IWES_Stadt_Frankfurt_ABGnova_2011.pdf

IEFEElectricity Import / Export Switzerland 2009

University of Applied Science Zuerich; www.zhaw.ch/~bauf ; 120308 [email protected]; BFE Bericht 2009, Ausgabe 2011

1300 Mio SFrprofit in 2010el. inport/export

IEFE

New pumped hydro in Linth-Limmat 2015 Invest 2.2 Mrd SFr

• Muttsee 25Mio m3 / 600m1GW / 2000h ? /a 2Rp/kWh at 50a fin.

• equal to 4 Mio EVje 10kWh


je 10kWh 50% of EV cap.(all cars in CH)

Ref. Fischwww.axpo.chVortrag ZHAW SoEEnergie Apero 12-03-08www.zhaw.ch

32

IEFEChanging the sin (a t)

• Mech. tracking or tracking + mirror, EW, bifacial


Solar Wings cable based trackingpatent: WO2010 006460 Solarinstallation Solar Wings

IEFE80% reduction of Pn is to much!


IEFEPV hot water “storage”


V. Quaschning, HTW Berlin, PV-Konf., Staffelstein, 2012-03-01

IEFEBig Smart Grid Business

Acquired in July 2011, price 2.3 Bill $


Sasaki, CEO, 16. Dec 2011

IEFEOutlook: Progess of cost reduction

1 Mio EV’s


Financing period of PV plant

10%PV?

20%PV?

F. Baumgartner, Progress of Photovoltaic, Oct 2011, EUPVSEC 2010

1 Mio EV’s5 GW PV

IEFESolutions

1. Load switching

2. Limiting PV + Wind

• Domestic hot water, heat pump at noon!EV’s

• 20% PV amount in CH const. baseload pump. hydr.


3. Module orientation E,W, bif.4. Large area grid extension

5. Storage: pumped hydro,battery, power to gas?

const. baseload pump. hydr.• Depends on Pn limit (0.9)• 1GW / 1000km / 1Mrd Fr

• battery (0.2 to 0.5€/kWh)compressed air (0.05) eff!!Efficiency 0.1 €/kWh seasonale storage

IEFEThank you for Attention

Download University website: www.zhaw.ch/~bauf

Integration of PV into the grid

Erschienen 2010 im Progress of Photovoltaics, Wiley; 2010 Online ISSN: 1099-159X;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.1047/pdf


Image: www.solarwings.li

650kW, Waldshut 60kW, Tenna

IEFE


IEFEABB – Office Smart Grid


P. Korba et. al.

IEFESolution 5: Further PV cost reduction

Why PV has a great future?

Because further cost reductions will be done!


Other Support• PV installations on

EAST/WEST oriented roofs• PV Trackers find no limits in

the morning• Feed-in-tarif have to support

peak shift and the amount of self consumption

Remark• Yield is lower than optimum

south oriented• There are still limits at noon• at high PV penetration rates

also small PV inverters have to shut down (power line)

IEFEPrices at electricty stock exchange

University of Applied Science Zurich; www.zhaw.ch/~bauf; 120424 [email protected]; slide . http://www.solarwirtschaft.de/fileadmin/media/pdf/izes_kurzgutachten_pv.pdf

IEFEStudy: Germany 50% Wind+PV+Bio+Hydro

Y.M. Saint Drenan et al., BEE Dyn. Load Study IWES Kassel, Germany, Dec 2009

Today <40GW / 0dResult 50%RE:-35GW base load

daily av.no storage / tran.

BEE 50% Scenario 2020:PV 6.6% (40GW)Wind 25% (55GW)Bio 9.2% (9.3GW)


no storage / tran.<10GW / 10d<15GW / 19d<20GW / 44d<25GW / 3mo

Power capacity:16/18GW import/exp.

5GW pump. hyd.

Date post:	15-Apr-2017
Category:	Presentations & Public Speaking
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PV integration into the grid - cost of storage

Presentations & Public Speaking