PVRacking Roof Loading Calculation Guide Rev3

7/31/2019 PVRacking Roof Loading Calculation Guide Rev3

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This manual provides recommendations. Local and National codes govern the requirements for solarinstallation and must be followed.

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Oct., 2010

The Racking System Designed by Installers for Installers

PVRacking Roof Loading Calculations GuideThe racking system designed by installers for installers.

Key benefits:

Modules can be seated without any bolts, clamps or clips!

Installation time is far less than required by other systems.

Module Hold Down Area is more than 10x that of conventional clamps.

The strongest racking system on the market today. Rest assured, PVRacking Rails will hold modulessecurely through the expansion/contraction changes due to seasonal temperature fluctuations.

Module placement is seamless. No gaps between the modules results in a clean, sleek finish, withoutinterruption.


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Table of Contents

Conventions: ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

Part I. Procedure to Determine the Design Wind Load ....................................................................................... 41.1 Using the Simplified Method ASCE 7-05 .............................................................................................. 4

1.2 Procedure to Calculate Total Design Wind ............................................................................................... 5

Part II: Procedure to Select Rail Span ............................................................................................................... 11

2.1 Procedure to Calculate Design Loads...................................................................................................... 112.1 Procedure to Calculate Point Loads......................................................................................................... 12

2.1.1 Calculate the Down-force at penetration points: ...................................................................................... 13

2.1.2 Calculate the Uplift at penetration points: ................................................................................................ 13PV Racking 15 year Limited Warranty ............................................................................................................. 15


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Important: Please Read Before Starting

PV Racking components carry a 15 Year Limited Warranty. (See PV Racking 15 Year Limited Warranty for terms and

conditions.) Installer shall install and operate all PV Racking components in accordance with the specifications andinstructions from PV Racking and shall comply with all applicable rules, laws and regulations from local, state andfederal governments and agencies, including the latest NEC Guidelines in connection with the installation of solarsystems. FAILURE TO DO SO SHALL VOID ALL WARRANTIES FROM PV RACKING.

PLEASE REVIEW THIS MANUAL THOROUGHLY BEFORE INSTALLING YOUR PV RACKING SYSTEM.

Getting Started

This Installation Guide will provide you with the information needed for a professional installation. Please note thefollowing items are the sole responsibility of the Installer and must be completed prior to installation:

PV RACKINGS BILL OF MATERIALS ORDER SHEET IS USED SOLELY FOR CREATING A BILL OF MATERIALSFOR A SOLAR ARRAY AND DOES NOT INCLUDE ANY ENGINEERING ANALYSIS. PV RACKING STRONGLYRECOMMENDS THAT ALL SOLAR INSTALLERS USE THE SERVICES OF THEIR OWN PROFESSIONALENGINEERS IN DESIGNING A SOLAR ARRAY TO ENSURE IT SATISFIES ALL SITE SPECIFIC STRUCTURALREQUIREMENTS.

Comply with all applicable local, state or national building codes, including the current NEC Guidelines, and any thatmay supersede this manual.

Verify that correct and appropriate design parameters are used in determining the loading used for design of the specificinstallation. Parameters such as snow loading, wind speed, exposure and topographic factor should be confirmed withthe local building official or a licensed professional engineer.

Verify that the roof is structurally sound and can support the array under all code level loading conditions that areappropriate. Verify that the ground structure supporting the array is structurally sound and can support the array under

all code level loading conditions that are appropriate.

Only PV Racking parts used in conjunction with installer provided parts that are specified in the Installation Guide maybe used. The substitution of other non-approved parts may void the Limited Warranty.

ALWAYS PROVIDE A WORK ENVIRONMENT THAT IS GEARED TOWARDS PERSONAL SAFETY!


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Conventions:Horizontal: direction parallel with the gutter

Vertical: direction parallel with the eaves

Part I. Procedure to Determine the Design Wind Load

1.1 Using the Simplified Method ASCE 7-05

The procedure to determine Wind Load is specified by the American Society of Civil Engineersand referenced in the International Building Code 2006.

For purposes of this document, the values, equations and procedures used in this documentreference ASCE 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. Please refer to

ASCE 7-05 if you have any questions about the definitions or procedures presented in thismanual.

Use Method 1, the Simplified Method, for calculating the Design Wind Load for pressures oncomponents and cladding in this document.

The method described in this document is valid for flush, not tilted applications on either roof orwalls. Flush is defined as panels parallel to the surface (or with no more than 3 differencebetween ends of assembly) with no more than 10 space between the roof surface, and thebottom of the PV panels.

Applications of these procedures are subject to the following ASCE 7-05 limitations:

1. The building height must be less than 60 feet, h < 60. See note for determining height in thenext section. For installations on structures greater than 60 feet, contact us directly.2. The building must be enclosed, not an open or partially enclosed structure, for example acarport.3. The building is regular shaped with no unusual geometrically irregularity in spatial form, forexample a geodesic dome.4. The building is not in an extreme geographic location such as a narrow canyon or steep cliff.5. The building has gable roof with a pitch less than 45 degrees or a hip roof with a pitch less than27 degrees but all roofs must have a pitch equal or greater than 9 degrees (2:12).6. If your installation does not conform to these requirements please contact us directly or consulta professional engineer.

If your installation is outside the United States or does not meet all of these limitations, consult alocal professional engineer or your local building authority. Consult ASCE 7-05 for moreclarification on the use of Method I. Lower design wind loads may be obtained by applying MethodII from ASCE 7-05. Consult with a licensed engineer if you want to use Method II procedures.


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The equation for determining the Design Wind Load for components and cladding is:

pnet = KztIpnet30 (psf)Where:

pnet= Design Wind Load(psf)

= adjustment factor for height and exposure category

Kzt= Topographic Factor at mean roof height, h (ft)

I = Importance Factor

pnet30 (psf) = net design wind pressure for Exposure B, at height =30, I = 1

Other information needed:

Basic Wind Speed = V (mph), the largest 3 second gust of wind in the last 50 years.

H (ft) = total roof height for flat roof buildings or mean roof height for pitched roof buildings.

Effective Wind Area (sf) = minimum total continuous area of modules being installed

Roof Zone = the area of the roof you are installing the PV system according to Figure 2, page 6.

Roof Zone Setback Length = a (ft) Roof Pitch (degrees) Exposure Category

1.2 Procedure to Calculate Total Design Wind

The procedure for determining the Design Wind Load can be broken into steps that include looking upseveral values in different tables.

Step 1: Determine Basic Wind Speed, V (mph)

Determining the Basic Wind Speed, V (mph) by consulting your local building department or locatingyour installation on the maps in Figure 1.

Step 2: Determining Effective Wind Area

Determining the smallest area of continuous modules you will be installing. This is the smallest areatributary (contributing load) to a support or to a simple-span of rail. That area is the Effective WindArea.


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This manual provides recommendations. Local and National codes govern the requirements for solar installationand must be followed.

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Step 3: Determine Roof/Wall ZoneThe Design Wind Loadwill vary based on where the installation is located on a roof. Arrays may belocated in more than one rood zone.

Using Table 1, determine the Roof Zone Setback Length, a (ft), according to the width and height ofthe building on which you are installing the PV system.


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Table 1. Determine Roof/Wall Zone, length (a) according to building width and height

a = 10 percent of the least horizontal dimension or 0.4h, whichever is smaller, but not less than either 4% of the least horizontal dimension or 3 ft of

the building.

Source:

ASCE/SEI 7-05, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, Chapter 6, Figure 6-3, p. 41.

Using Roof Zone Setback Length, a, determine the roof zone locations according to your roof type,gable, hip or monoslope. Determine in which roof zone your PV system is located, Zone 1, 2, or 3according to Figure 2.

Step 4: Determine New Design Wind Pressure,pnet30(psf)

Using the Effective Wind Area(Step 2), RoofZone Location(Step 3), and Basic Wind Speed(Step 1), look up the appropriate Net DesignWind Pressurein Table 2, page 8. Use theEffective Wind Areavalue in the table which issmaller than the value calculated in Step 2. If theinstallation is located on a roof overhang, useTable 3, page 8. Both downforce and upliftpressures must be considered in overall design.Refer to Section II, Step 1 for applying downforceand uplift pressures. Positive values are actingtoward the surface. Negative values are actingaway from the surface.

Least Horizontal Dimension

(ft)

Roof

Height

(ft)

10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 175 200 300 400 500

10 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 7 8 12 16 20

15 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 12 16 20

20 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 16 20

25 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 12 16 20

30 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 12 12 12 12 16 20

35 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12.5 14 14 14 14 16 2040 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12.5 15 16 16 16 16 20

45 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12.5 15 17.5 18 18 18 20

50 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 20 20 20

60 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 24 24 24


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Table 2. Pnet (psf) Roof and Wall

Source: ASCE ISEI 7-0.5 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, Chapter 6, p.42.

Table 3. Pnet30 (psf) Roof Overhang

Basic Wind Speed V (mph)Zone Effective

Windforce90 100 110 120

2 10 -27.2 -33.5 -40.6 -48.3

2 20 -27.2 -33.5 -40.6 -48.3

2 50 -27.2 -33.5 -40.6 -48.3

2 100 -27.2 -33.5 -40.6 -48.33 10 -45.7 -56.4 -68.3 -81.2

3 20 -41.2 -50.9 -61.6 -73.3

3 50 -35.3 -43.6 -52.8 -62.8Roof7to27

degre

es

3 100 -30.9 -38.1 -46.1 -54.9

2 10 -24.7 -30.5 -36.9 -43.9

2 20 -24.0 -29.6 -35.8 -42.6

2 50 -23.0 -28.4 -34.3 -40.8

2 100 -22.2 -27.4 -33.2 -39.5

3 10 -24.7 -30.5 -36.9 -43.9

3 20 -24.0 -29.6 -35.8 -42.6

3 50 -23.0 -28.4 -34.3 -40.8Roof27to45

degrees

3 100 -22.2 -27.4 -33.2 -39.5

Source: ASCE ISEI 7-0.5 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, Chapter 6, p.44.

Step 5: Determining the Topographic Factor, Kzt

For the purposes of this code compliance document, the Topographic Factor, Kzt, is taken as equal toone (1), meaning the installation is on level ground (less than 10% slope). If the installation is not onlevel ground, please consult ASCE 7-05, Section 6.5.7 and the local building authority to determinethe Topographic Factor.

90 100 110 120

ZoneEffectiveWindArea (sf)

Down UpliftForce

Down UpliftForce

Down UpliftForce

Down UpliftForce

1 10 8.4 -13.3 10.4 -16.5 12.5 -19.9 14.9 -23.7

1 20 7.7 -13.0 9.4 -16.0 11.4 -19.4 13.6 -23.0

1 50 6.7 -12.5 8.2 -15.4 10.0 -18.6 11.9 -22.2

1 100 5.9 -12.1 7.3 -14.9 8.9 -18.1 10.5 -21.5

2 10 8.4 -23.2 10.4 -28.7 12.5 -34.7 14.9 -41.3

2 20 7.7 -21.4 9.4 -26.4 11.4 -31.9 13.6 -38.0

2 50 6.7 -18.9 8.2 -23.3 10.0 -28.2 11.9 -33.6

2 100 5.9 -17.0 7.3 -21.0 8.9 -25.5 10.5 -30.3

3 10 8.4 -34.3 10.4 -42.4 12.5 -51.3 14.9 -61.0

3 20 7.7 -32.1 9.4 -39.6 11.4 -47.9 13.6 -57.1

3 50 6.7 -29.1 8.2 -36.0 10.0 -43.5 11.9 -51.8Roof7to27degrees

3 100 5.9 -26.9 7.3 -33.2 8.9 -40.2 10.5 -47.9

1 10 13.3 -14.6 16.5 -18.0 19.9 -21.8 23.7 -25.9

1 20 13.0 -13.8 16.0 -17.1 19.4 -20.7 23.0 -24.6

1 50 12.5 -12.8 15.4 -15.9 18.6 -19.2 22.2 -22.8

1 100 12.1 -12.1 14.9 -14.9 18.1 -18.1 21.5 -21.5

2 10 13.3 -17.0 16.5 -21.0 19.9 -25.5 23.7 -30.3

2 20 13.0 -16.3 16.0 -20.1 19.4 -24.3 23.0 -29.02 50 12.5 -15.3 15.4 -18.9 18.6 -22.9 22.2 -27.2

2 100 12.1 -14.6 14.9 -18.0 18.1 -21.8 21.5 -25.9

3 10 13.3 -17.0 16.5 -21.0 19.9 -25.5 23.7 -30.3

3 20 13.0 -16.3 16.0 -20.1 19.4 -24.3 23.0 -29.0

3 50 12.5 -15.3 15.4 -18.9 18.6 -22.9 22.2 -27.2Roof27to45degrees

3 100 12.1 -14.6 14.9 -18.0 18.1 -21.8 21.5 -25.9


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Step 6: Determine Exposure Category (B, C, D)

Determine the Exposure Categoryby using the following definitions for Exposure Categories:The ASCE/SEI 7-05* defines wind exposure categories as follows:

Exposure bis urban and suburban areas, wooded areas, or other terrain with numerous closelyspaced obstructions having the size of single family dwellings

Exposure chas open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally less than 30 feet.This category includes flat open country, grasslands, and all water surfaces in hurricane proneregions.

Exposure dhas flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces outside hurricane prone regions. Thiscategory includes smooth mud flats, salt flats, and unbroken ice. Also see ASCE 7-05 pages 287-291for further explanation and explanatory photographs, and confirm your selection with the local buildingauthority.

Also see ASCE 7-05 pages 287-291 for further explanation and explanatory photographs, andconform your selection with the local building authority.

Step 7: Determine adjustment factor for height and exposure category,

Using the Exposure Category(Step 6) and the roof height, H (ft), look up the adjustment factor forheight and exposure inTable 4.

Table 4. Adjustment Factor for Roof Height &

Exposure Category

ExposureMean Roof

Height (ft) D B C

15 1.00 1.21 1.47

20 1.00 1.29 1.55

25 1.00 1.35 1.61

30 1.00 1.40 1.66

35 1.05 1.45 1.70

40 1.09 1.49 1.74

45 1.12 1.53 1.78

50 1.16 1.56 1.81

55 1.19 1.59 1.84

60 1.22 1.62 1.87

Source: ASCE/SEI 7-05, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other

Structures, Chapter 6, Figure 6-3, p. 44


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Step 8: Determine the Importance Factor, I

Determine if the installation is in a hurricane prone region. Look up the Importance Factor, I, Table 6,using the occupancy category description and the hurricane prone region status.

Table 6. Occupancy Category Importance Factors

Category Category Description Building Type Examples

Non-Hurricane prone

regions and Hurricane

prone regions with V=85-

100 mph and Alaska

Hurricane prone

regions with V>100

mph

IBuildings and other structures that represent a low hazard to human

life in the event of failure, including, but limited to:

Agricultural facilities

Certain temporary facilities

Minor Storage Facilities0.87 0.77

IIAll buildings and other structures except those listed in Occupancy

Categories I, III and IV.1 1

III

Buildings and other structures that represent a substantial hazard to

human life in the event of a failure, including, but not limited to:

Buildings and other structures, not included in Occupancy Category

IV, with potential to cause a substantial economic impact and/or

mass disruption of day-to-day civilian life in the event of failure,

including, but not limited to:

Buildings and other structures not included in Occupancy Category

IV (including , but not limited to, facilities that manufacture,

process, handle, store use or dispose of such substances as

hazardous fuels, hazardous chemicals, hazardous waste, or

explosive ) containing sufficient quantities of toxic or explosive

substances to be dangerous to the public if released.

Buildings and other structures containing toxic or explos ive

substances shall be eligible for classification as Occupancy

Category II structures if it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of

the authority having jurisdiction by a hazard assessment as

described in Section 1.5.2 that a release o f the toxic or explosive

substance does not pose a threat to the public.

Buildings where more than 300 people congregate

in one area

Daycare facilities with a capacity greater than 150

Elementary or secondary school facilities with a

capacity greater than 250

Buildings for colleges with a capacity greater than

500

Health care facilities with a capacity of 50 or more

resident patients, but not having surgery or

emergency treatment facilities.

Jails and detention facilities

Power generating stations

Water treatment facilities

Sewage treatment facilities

Telecommunication centers

1.15 1.15

IV

Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities,

including, but not limited to:

Buildings and other structures (including, but not limited to,

facilities that manufacture, process, handle, store, use or dispose of

such substances as hazardous fuels, hazardous chemicals, or

hazardous waste) containing highly toxic substances where the

quantity of the material exceeds a threshold quantity established by

the authority having jurisdiction.

Buildings and other structures containing highly toxic substances

shall be eligible for classificat ion as Occupancy Category II

structures if it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the

authority having jurisdiction by a hazard assessment as described in

Section 1.5.2 that a release of the highly toxic substances does not

pose a threat to the public. This reduced classification shall not be

permitted if the buildings or other structures also function asessential facilities.

Hospitals and other health care facilities having

surgery or emergency treatment facilitiesFire, rescue, ambulance and police stations and

emergency vehicle garages

Designated earthquake, hurricane or other

emergency shelters

Designated emergency preparedness,

communication, and operation centers and other

facilities required for emergency response

Power generating stations and other public utility

facilities required in an emergency

Ancillary structures (including, but not limited to

communication towers, fuel storage tanks, cooling

towers, electrical substation structures, fire water

storage tanks or other structures housing or

supporting water, or other fire-suppression material

or equipment) required for operation of Occupancy

Category IV structures during an emergency

Aviation control towers, air traffic control centers

and emergency aircraft hangars

Water storage facilities and pump structuresrequired to maintain water pressure for fire

suppression

Buildings and other structures having critical

national defense functions.

1.15 1.15

Source: IBC 2006, Table (604.S, Occupancy Category of Buildings and other structures, p. 281; ASCE/SEI 7-05, Minimum Design Loads

for Buildings and Other Structures Table 6-1, p.77


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Step 9: Calculate the Design Wind Load, pnet(psf)

Multiply the New Design Wind Pressure, pnet30(psf) (Step 4) by the adjustment factor for height andexposure, (Step 7), the Topographic Factor, Kzt(Step 5), and the Importance Factor, I(Step 8)using the following equation:

pnet = KztIpnet30(psf)

pnet = Design Wind Load (psf, 10 psf minimum)

= Adjustment factor for height and exposure category (Step 7)Kzt= Topographic Factor at mean roof height, h (ft) (Step 5)

I = Importance Factor(Step 8)

pnet30 = net design wind pressure for Exposure B (psf), at height = 30, I = 1 (Step 4)

Use Table 5 below to calculate Design Wind Load.

Table 5. Worksheet for Components and Cladding Wind Load Calculations: IBC 2006, ASCE 7-05

Variable Description Symbol Value Unit Step ReferenceBuilding Height h ftBuilding, Least Horizontal Dimension ft

Roof Pitch degreesExposure Category 6Basic Wind Speed V mph 1 Figure 1Effective Roof Area sf

2Roof Zone Setback Length a ft 3 Table 1Roof Zone Location 3 Figure 2

Net Design Wind Pressure Pnet30 psf 4 Table 2,3Topographic Factor Kzt x 5Adjustment factor for height and exposure category x 7 Table 4Importance Factor I x 8 Table 5Total Design Wind Load Pnet psf 9

The Design Wind Load will be used in Part II to select the appropriate rail span and foot spacing.

Part II: Procedure to Select Rail Span

2.1 Procedure to Calculate Design Loads

The procedure to determine the rail span uses standard beam calculations and structural engineeringmethodology. The beam calculations are conservatively based on a simple supported beam, ignoringthe reductions allowed for supports of continuous beams over multiple supports.

In using this document, obtaining correct results is dependent upon the following:

Obtain the Snow Loadfor your area from your local building official.


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Obtain the Design Wind Load, W. See Part I (Procedure to Determine the Design Wind Load) formore information on calculating the Design Wind Load.

To use the rail span tables on the following pages the Dead Loadfor your specific installation must be

less than 5 psf, including modules and racking system. If the Dead Load is greater than 5 psf, callPVRacking or obtain the services of a local structural engineer.

Step 1: Determine the Total Design Load

The Total Design Load, P (psf) is determined using ASCE 7-05.

With consideration of the system weight load (Dead load, D, assumed to be 5 pounds per squarefoot), Design Wind Load, Wfrom Part I, Step 9, and the

Snow Load(S), the maximum design pressures are calculated according to the load combinations inASCE/SEI 7-05 Section 2.4. Application of Section 2.4 results in the following load combinationsequation for the system:

P(psf)= 1.0 D + 1.0 S

P(psf)= 1.0 D + 1.0 W (downward wind force used)

P(psf)= 1.0 D + 0.75 S + 0.75 W (downward wind force used)

P(psf)= 0.6 D + 1.0 W ( uplift wind force used)

Note that for direct additions of the D, W and S forces, it is necessary to express all terms of pressure(psf, or pounds per square foot) units. The absolute maximum value obtained from the abovefour equations is the Total Design Load(referred to as Design Pressure (pdesign) in the followingselection tables). Regardless of whether the controlling design pressure acts upwards (uplift) ordownwards, the maximum uplift pressure will be needed to check the connections to the roof. It is theinstallers responsibility to assure the substructure and attachment is strong enough to support themaximum calculated uplift. Use Table 7. to calculate the load combinations.

Table 7. ASCE 7 ASD Load Combinations

Description Variable Downforce case 1 Downforce case 2 Downforce case 3 Uplift units

Dead Load D 1.0 x 1.0x 1.0x 0.6x psf

Snow Load S 1.0 x + ______ 0.75x + ______ psf

Design Wind Load Pnet 1.0 x + ______ 0.75x + ______ 1.0x - ______

Total Design Load P psf

2.1 Procedure to Calculate Point Loads

There are point loads exerted on the roof at the penetration points. These loads sometimes arepushing the roof (down force) and sometimes pulling (uplift).


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2.1.1 Calculate the Down-force at penetration points:

Rd= pdesig (Hs Vs) / 144

Where:Rd = Down-force (lbs)pdesign = The maximum value from Table 7, of Case 1 or Case 2 or Case 3Hs = Distance measured between the roof penetration points horizontally (parallel with the peak,inch)Vs = Distance measured between the roof penetration points vertically (in the peak to gutterdirection, inch)

2.1.2 Calculate the Uplift at penetration points:

Ru= pdesign (Hs Vs) / 144

Where:Ru = Uplift (lbs)pdesign = The maximum value from Table 7, of Case 4Hs = Distance measured between the roof penetration points horizontally (parallel with the peak,inch)Vs = Distance measured between the roof penetration points vertically (in the peak to gutterdirection, inch)

Use the below table to select the proper lag bolt to handle the Ru force requirements.


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Please note that it is the installers responsibility to ensure that the roof structure is adequate to

handlethe loads and to ensure that the installation is properly transferring all loads to the loadbearing members.


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PV Racking 15 year Limited Warranty

PV Racking, LLC ("PV Racking") warrants to the original consumer purchaser ("Customer" or "Purchaser") that the PV Racking

aluminum frame housing (the "Product") will be free from defects in materials or workmanship as described below under normalinstallation, application, use and service conditions, for a period of fifteen (15) years from the date of original purchase. If, within the

specified warranty period, the Product shall be reasonably proven to be defective, then PV Racking will, at its option, either repair the

defect or replace the defective Product or part thereof with a new or remanufactured equivalent at no charge to the Purchaser for parts

or labor. PV Racking's total liability hereunder for such repair or replacement shall not exceed the original purchase price of the

Product. This Limited Warranty does not cover failure to function caused by damage to the Product while in the Customer

possession, improper installation, unreasonable use or abuse of the Product, failure to provide or use of improper maintenance, failure

to follow the written installation and use instructions, cosmetic damage, damage from accident, negligence, misuse, normal wear and

tear, or acts of God, and is voided by failure to have the Product installed according to PV Racking's written Installation Manual, by an

authorized installer or failure to operate or use the Product in accordance with instructions and warnings contained in the Installation

Manual, or if the Product has been modified, repaired or reworked in a manner NOT PREVIOUSLY AUTHORIZED BY PV

RACKING, LLC IN WRITING. This Limited Warranty does not apply to any foreign residue deposited on the finish. Al

installations in corrosive atmospheric conditions are excluded. This Limited Warranty does not cover damage to the Product tha

occurs during its shipment, storage or installation. Manufacturers of related items such as PV modules and flashings may provide

written warranties of their own. PV Racking's Limited Warranty covers only its Product, and not any related items. PV Rackingmakes no warranty against defects in materials and workmanship by component parts from other manufacturers including but not

limited to batteries, PV modules, inverters, transformers, disconnects, and data acquisition components. Warranties, if any, for these

products may be available through Customer's authorized installer or contractor. This Limited Warranty is voided if the Product i

modified, moved or relocated after the original installation.

Neither the sales personnel of PV Racking nor any other person is authorized to make any warranties other than those described

herein, or to extend the duration of any warranties beyond the time period described above on behalf of PV Racking.

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED IN THE ABOVE LIMITED WARRANTY ARE THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES

AVAILABLE TO THE CUSTOMER. NO OTHER EXPRESS WARRANTIES ARE MADE. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES

INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ARE LIMITED IN DURATION AS SET FORTH ABOVE. IN NO EVENT SHALL PV

RACKING BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, ECONOMIC OR PROPERTY DAMAGEOR PERSONAL INJURIES OR DEATH. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR DAMAGES FOR PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH. Correction of defects, in the manner and

for the period(s) of time described herein, shall constitute complete fulfillment of all liabilities and responsibilities of PV Racking to

the Purchaser with respect to the Product and shall constitute full satisfaction of all claims, whether based on contract, negligence,

strict liability or otherwise. Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts or do not allow the exclusion

or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you. This Limited

Warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.

To obtain warranty services, the Purchaser must contact PV Racking by telephone or mail, and PV Racking will establish and initiate

a review of the claim. The Purchaser must maintain proof of purchase of the Product to prove date of purchase in the unlikely event of

a claim under this Limited Warranty.

Warranty service contacts:PV Racking, LLC.

65 West Norton Avenue

Churchville, PA 18966

Phone (610) 990-7199

Fax (215) 357-3119

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