Q. Consider the following statements regarding Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP): 1.They seek to establish economic and social democracy in the country. 2. Directive principles are in the nature of ‘Instrument of Instructions’ to the State. 3. They are legally enforceable by the courts for their violation. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b)2 and 3 only (c) 2 only (d)3 only Answer: (a) Expalanation : The courts cannot declare a law violative of any of the Directive Principles as unconstitutional and invalid. However, they can uphold the validity of a law on the ground that it was enacted to give effect to a directive. The Supreme Court has ruled many a times that in determining the constitutionality of any law, if a court finds that the law in question seeks to give effect to a Directive Principle, it may consider such law to be ‘reasonable’ in relation to Article 14 (Equality before law) or Article 19 (six freedoms) and thus save such law from unconstitutionality. Q. Which of the following led to the successful implementation of Directive Principles of State Policy in India? 1. Promotion of Panchayati Raj System. 2. Adherence to Non-Alignment and Panchsheel. 3. The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017.
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Q. Consider the following statements regarding Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
1.They seek to establish economic and social democracy in the country.
2. Directive principles are in the nature of ‘Instrument of Instructions’ to the State.
3. They are legally enforceable by the courts for their violation.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b)2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d)3 only
Answer: (a)
Expalanation : The courts cannot declare a law violative of any of the Directive Principles as unconstitutional and invalid. However, they can uphold the validity of a law on the ground that it was enacted to give effect to a directive. The Supreme Court has ruled many a times that in determining the constitutionality of any law, if a court finds that the law in question seeks to give effect to a Directive Principle, it may consider such law to be ‘reasonable’ in relation to Article 14 (Equality before law) or Article 19 (six freedoms) and thus save such law from unconstitutionality.
Q. Which of the following led to the successful implementation of Directive Principles of State Policy in India?
1. Promotion of Panchayati Raj System.
2. Adherence to Non-Alignment and Panchsheel.
3. The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017.
4.Formation of National Commission for Backward Classes.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b)3 and 4 only
(c) and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (d)
Expalanation :
• The 73rd Amendment Act (1992) has been enacted to provide constitutional status and protection to these Panchayati Raj Institutions. It aims to achieve Gandhijis dream of every village being a republic and self-sufficient.
• The adherence to policy of non-alignment and Panchsheel will promote international peace and security.
• The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017 has been made to protect the interests of women workers
Q. Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy is/are not based on Socialist principles?
1. Free legal aid to the poor.
2.Participation of workers in the management of industries.
3. Protection and improvement of the environment.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d)1, 2 and 3 only
Answer : (c)
Expalanation : Protection and improvement of the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife, which was added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 (Article 48A), represents Liberal– Intellectual Principle
Q. Which of the following is/are not the Fundamental Duty of the Citizen of India under Article 51A of Indian Constitution?
1. To vote in general elections.
2 To defend the country.
3. To develop humanism and the spirit of inquiry.
4. To strive towards excellence.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a)1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only
Answer : (a)
Expalanation :To vote in general elections is not the Fundamental Duty of the citizen of India
Q. Which of the following shall adopt the ideals of the Principles of Directive Principles of State Policy while formulating policies and laws?
1. Union Legislature
2. State Government
3. Local authorities
4. Public Sector Enterprises
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a)1 only
(b)1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d)1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (d)
Expalanation : The phrase ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ denotes the ideals that the State should keep in mind while formulating policies and enacting laws Article12 defines the “state” which includes:
• Government and Parliament of India, that is, executive and legislative organs of the Union government.
• Government and legislature of states, that is, executive and legislative organs of state government.
• All local authorities that is, municipalities, panchayats, district boards, improvement trusts, etc.
• All other authorities, that is, statutory or non-statutory authorities like LIC, ONGC, SAIL, etc
Q. The term Uniform Civil Code mentioned in Directive Principles of State Policy refers to:
(a) All citizens will be under the same laws irrespective of their political authority and status.
(b) All citizens will be under the same laws irrespective of their religion.
(c) All citizens will be under the same laws irrespective of their caste and gender.
(d) All of the above.
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• The term Uniform Civil Code mentioned in Directive Principles of the State Policy refers to all citizens will be under the same laws irrespective of their religion.
• Uniform Civil Code in DPSP The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India proposes to replace the personal laws based on the scriptures and customs of each major religious community in the country with a common set governing every citizen.
• Article 44 of the Directive Principles in the Constitution says the “State shall endeavour to provide for its citizens a uniform civil code (UCC) throughout the territory of India.
Q. Consider the following statements regarding Fundamental Duties:
1. These were added by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act.
2. Some of the Fundamental Duties are applicable to foreigners also.
3. They are not justiciable in nature.
4. They help the courts in examining and determining the constitutional validity of a law.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a)1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 4 only
(d)3 and 4 only
Answer: (d)
Expalanation:
• Originally, the Constitution of India did not contain these duties they are added by 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
• Unlike some of the Fundamental Rights which extend to all persons whether citizens or foreigners, the Fundamental Duties are confined to citizens only and do not extend to foreigners.
Q. Consider the following statements regarding the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
1. They are considered as ‘novel features’ of the Indian Constitution.
2. These are borrowed from Government of India Act of 1935.
3. They embody the concept of welfare state.
4. They put positive obligations on the state.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b)1, 3 and 4 only
(c)2 and 4 only
(d)1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (b)
Explanation :
• The framers of the Constitution borrowed this idea from the Irish Constitution of 1937, which had copied it from the Spanish Constitution.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described these principles as ‘novel features’ of the Indian Constitution. The Directive Principles along with the Fundamental Rights contain the philosophy of the Constitution and is the soul of the Constitution.
• The phrase ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ denotes the ideals that the State should keep in mind while formulating policies and enacting laws.
• These are the constitutional instructions recommendations to the State in legislative, executive and administrative matters.
Q. Which of the following government initiatives is/are fulfilling the objectives of the Directive Principles of State Policy?
1. Abolition of the privy purses of ex-princes.
2. Deletion of Right to Property from Fundamental Rights to reduce economic dis
disparity.
3. India signing Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR).
4. Encouragement to Khadi Gram Udyog.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d)1, 2, 3, and 4
Answer: (d)
Explanation :
• To promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order permeated by justice— social, economic and political—and to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunity (Article 38). 26th Amendment 1971 abolished the Privy Purse in pursuit of socialism.
• To promote cottage industries on an individual or co-operation basis in rural areas (Article 43).
Q. Consider the following statements about social contract:
1. The directive Principles of State Policy of the Constitution of India signifies the existence of social contract.
2. It is a contract by which the individuals have consented to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority in exchange for the protection of their remaining rights or maintenance of the social order.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (b)
Explanation :
• The Preamble to the Constitution of India signifies the existence of social contract. We the people having solemnly resolved reflects the social contract in the Indian Constitution.
• It is a contract by which the individuals have consented to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority in exchange for the protection of their remaining rights or maintenance of the social order
Q. Who said that the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) constitute the conscience of the Constitution?
(a) Ivor Jennings
(b) Mortimer Wheeler
(c) National Committee for the Review of Working of the Constitution (d) Granville Austin
Answer: (d)
Expalanation: The Directive Principles, along with the Fundamental Rights, contain the philosophy of the Constitution and is the soul of the Constitution. Granville Austin has described the Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution
Q. The Fundamental Duty states to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
Which of the following Statutes is/are governing the use of Flag?
1. Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950
2. Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 3. Flag Code of India, 2002
3. FlagCodeofIndia,2002
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Expalanation: Art 51A(a) - To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem. Statutes Governing the use of Flag:
• Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950
• Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971
• Flag Code of India, 2002
Q. Which of the following pairs regarding Fundamental Duties and Acts related to them are correct?
1. TO PROTECT AND IMPROVE THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT – The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2018.
2. TO SAFEGUARD PUBLIC PROPERTY AND TO ABJURE VIOLENCE - Prevention of Damage to the Public Property Act, 1984.
3. DECLARATION OF A COMMUNAL ORGANISATION AS AN UNLAWFUL ASSOCIATION - Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Q. Which of the following statements related to the Fundamental Duties are correct?
1. To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom, that was added in 1950.
2. To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture, that was added in 1976.
3. To provide opportunities for education to child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years by parents, that was added in 2002.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Swaran Singh Committee suggested the incorporation of eight Fundamental Duties in the Constitution; the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act
(1976) included ten Fundamental Duties. (It was not present in the original Constitution). To provide opportunities for education to child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002
Q. Which of the following are part of the Directive Principles of State Policy?
1. Providing the right to adequate means of livelihood for all citizens.
2. Preservation of the health and strength of workers and children against forcible abuse.
3. Promotion of harmony and the spirit of common brother-hood amongst all the people of India.
4. Raising the level of nutrition and the standard of living of people and to improve public health.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The promotion of harmony and the spirit of common brother-hood amongst all the people of India is a fundamental duty
Q. Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy are for the welfare of the workers?
1. Prevention of concentration of wealth and means of production.
2. Equal pay for equal work for men and women.
3. Secure a living wage, a decent standard of life and social and cultural opportunities for all workers.
4. Prohibition of employment of children in factories.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (a)
Expalanation :Prohibition of employment of children in factories is a Fundamental Right and not a Directive Principle of State Policy
Q. Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy are based on Gandhian ideology?
1. To organize village panchayats and to promote cottage industries.
2. To prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health?
3. To prohibit the slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and draught cattle and to improve their breeds.
4. To secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (a)
Expalanation : To secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country (Article 44) is a Liberal-Intellectual Principle
Q. Consider the following statements about the 86th Amendment Act:
1. Article 21A was introduced in the Constitution, as Fundamental Right to Education for Children.
2. Article 45 was amended, which put obligation on the State to provide childhood care and education for allchildren.
3. No changes were made into the Fundamental Duties.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a)
Explanation :
• Substitution of new Article for Article 45.- For Article 45 of the Constitution, the following article shall be substituted, namely: - . Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years. "45. The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.“
• Amendment of Article 51A.- In Article 51A of the Constitution, after Clause (J), the following Clause shall be added, namely: - "(k) who is a parent or
guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years."
Q. Consider the following statements about the Fundamental Duties:
1. The recommendations of Swaran Singh Committee led to the introduction of fundamental duties in the Constitution.
2. There were ten original Fundamental Duties, to which two were added later. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (a)
Expalanation : The Congress Government at Centre accepted these recommendations and enacted the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976. This amendment added a new part, namely, Part IVA to the Constitution. This new part consists of only one Article, that is, Article 51A, which, for the first time, specified a code of ten Fundamental Duties of the citizens. In 2002, one more Fundamental Duty was added.
Q. Which of the following Directive Principles were added to the original list of Directive Principles present in the Indian Constitution?
1. To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor.
2. To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life.
3. The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
4. State to take steps to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities.
5. The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2, 3 and 5 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 3 and 5 only
Answer:(c)
Q. Which of the following are Directives present in the Constitution, outside Part IV of the Constitution?
1.PromotionofHindilanguage
2. Obligation of the state to conduct regular elections
3. Promotion of elementary education in mother tongueforlinguisticminorities.
4. Promotion of social, political and economic justice
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a)1and2only
(b)2and3only
(c)2and4only
(d)1and3only
Answer: (d)
Q. Consider the following statements: Directive Principles of State Policy are:
1. Directives in the nature of ideals of the state
2. Directives influencing and shaping the policy of State
3. Non-justiciable rights of the citizens
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a)Only 1
(b)2 and 3
(c) Only 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Expalanation : The phrase ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ denotes the ideals that the State should keep in mind while formulating policies and enacting laws. These are the constitutional instructions or recommendations to the State in legislative, executive and administrativematters
Q. Though the Directive Principles of State Policy contained in the Constitution are not enforceable by anycourt,yettheyare:
(a) Fundamental in the governance of thecountry
(b)BindingontheState
(c) Enforceable at the instance of the President
(d) Superior to Fundamental Rights of India
Answer:(a)
Explanation: The Directive Principles, though non-justiciable in nature, help the courts in examining and determining the constitutional validity of a law. The Supreme Court has ruled manyatimesthatindeterminingtheconstitutionalityofanylaw,ifacourtfindsthatthelaw in question seeks to give effect to a Directive Principle, it may consider such law to be ‘reasonable’inrelationtoArticle14(equalitybeforelaw)orArticle19(sixfreedoms)andthus save such law from unconstitutionality
Q. Which one of the following is a correct statement?
(a) Primacy is given to all the directive principles contained in Part IV of the Constitution over fundamental rights.
(b) Primacy is given to all the fundamental rights conferred by Article 14-32 of the Constitution over directive principles.
(c) Primacy is given to all the fundamental rights conferred by Part III of the Constitution over directive principles.
(d) Primacy is given only to directive principles in clauses (b) and (c) of Article 39 over fundamental rights conferred by Articles 14 and 19 of the Constitution.
Answer:(d)
Expalanation:
The 25th Amendment Act inserted a new Article 31C which contained the following provisions:
1. No law which seeks to implement the socialistic Directive Principles specified in Article 39 (b) and (c) shall be void on the ground of contravention of the Fundamental Rights conferred by Article 14 (equalitybeforelawandequalprotectionoflaws), Article 19 (protection of six rights in respect of speech,assembly,movement,etc).
2. The 42nd Amendment Act accorded the position of legal primacy and supremacy to the Directive Principles over the Fundamental Rights conferred byArticles14,19and.
However, this extension was declared as unconstitutional and invalid by the Supreme Court in the Minerva Mills case (1980). It means that the
Directive Principles were once again made subordinate to the Fundamental Rights. But the Fundamental Rights conferred by Article 14 and Article 19 were accepted as subordinate to the Directive Principles specified in Article 39 (b) and(c).
