Kontra saKontra sa Benevolent Assimilation Benevolent Assimilation

Aguinaldo’s manifesto Protesting the Aguinaldo’s manifesto Protesting the United States Claim of SovereigntyUnited States Claim of Sovereignty

Mahigpit na tumutol si Hen Emilio Mahigpit na tumutol si Hen Emilio Aguinaldo sa pagpapasailalim sa Aguinaldo sa pagpapasailalim sa Pilipinas sa kapangyarihan ng Pilipinas sa kapangyarihan ng estados Unidos sapagkat naniniwala estados Unidos sapagkat naniniwala siya sa kakayahan ng mga Pilipinong siya sa kakayahan ng mga Pilipinong lider na mapamahalaan nang lider na mapamahalaan nang maayos ang Pilipinas. Ipinahayag maayos ang Pilipinas. Ipinahayag niya ang kaniyang pagtutol sa niya ang kaniyang pagtutol sa pamamagitan ng isang manipestopamamagitan ng isang manipesto

January 5, 1899January 5, 1899 General Otis styles himself Military Governor of these Islands, and I General Otis styles himself Military Governor of these Islands, and I

protest one and a thousand times and with all the energy of my soul protest one and a thousand times and with all the energy of my soul against such authority. I proclaim solemnly that I have not recognized against such authority. I proclaim solemnly that I have not recognized either Singapore or in Hong Kong or in the Philippines, by word or in either Singapore or in Hong Kong or in the Philippines, by word or in writing, the sovereignty of America over this beloved soil. On the writing, the sovereignty of America over this beloved soil. On the contrary, I say that I returned to these Islands on an American warship contrary, I say that I returned to these Islands on an American warship on the 19th of May last for the express purpose of making war on the on the 19th of May last for the express purpose of making war on the Spaniards to regain our liberty and independence. I stated this in my Spaniards to regain our liberty and independence. I stated this in my proclamation of the 24th of May last, and I publish it in my Manifesto proclamation of the 24th of May last, and I publish it in my Manifesto addressed to the Philippine people on the 12th of June. Lastly, all this addressed to the Philippine people on the 12th of June. Lastly, all this was confirmed by the American General Merritt himself, predecessor of was confirmed by the American General Merritt himself, predecessor of General Otis, in his Manifesto to the Philippine people some days before General Otis, in his Manifesto to the Philippine people some days before he demanded the surrender of Manila from the Spanish General he demanded the surrender of Manila from the Spanish General Jaudenes. In that Manifesto it is distinctly stated that the naval and field Jaudenes. In that Manifesto it is distinctly stated that the naval and field forces of the United States had come to give us our liberty, by forces of the United States had come to give us our liberty, by subverting the bad Spanish Government, And I hereby protest against subverting the bad Spanish Government, And I hereby protest against this unexpected act of the United States claiming sovereignty over this unexpected act of the United States claiming sovereignty over these Islands. My relations with the United States did not bring me over these Islands. My relations with the United States did not bring me over here from Hong Kong to make war on the Spaniards for their benefit, here from Hong Kong to make war on the Spaniards for their benefit, but for the purpose of our own liberty and independence. . .but for the purpose of our own liberty and independence. . .

GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:

1. Sino ang may-akda ng manipesto?

A. PANGULONG WILLIAM MC KINLEY

B. PANGULONG EMILIOAGUINALDO

C. HENERAL ELWELL OTISD. GOV. HEN. FERMIN

JAUDENES

GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:

1. Sino ang may-akda ng manifesto?

A. PANGULONG WILLIAM MC KINLEY

B. PANGULONG EMILIOAGUINALDO

C. HENERAL ELWELL OTISD. GOV. HEN. FERMIN

JAUDENES

GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:

2. KAILAN ISINULAT ANG MANIPESTO?

A. DISYEMBRE 21,1898 B. MAYO 24, 1898

C. HUNYO 12, 1898 D. ENERO 5, 1899

GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:

2. KAILAN ISINULAT ANG MANIPESTO?

A. DISYEMBRE 21,1898 B. MAYO 24, 1898

C. HUNYO 12, 1898 D. ENERO 5, 1899

GAWAIN 1; Sagutin:GAWAIN 1; Sagutin:3. ANO ANG NAIS ILAHAD NG

MAY-AKDA SA KANIYANG MANIPESTO?

A. SANG-AYON SIYA SA PAGKA-KAHIRANG KAY HEN. OTIS

BILANG GOB.MIL. NGPILIPINAS

B. TINUTULAN NIYA NA MAPA-SAILALIM ANG PILIPINAS SA

KAPANGYARIHAN NGESTAOS UNIDOS

C. HINDI SIYA SANG-AYON NAPALITAN SIYA NI HEN. OTIS

BILANG PANGULO NG PILIPINAS

D. TINANGGAP NIYA NA MAPA-SAILALIM ANG BANSA SA

PAMAMAHALA NG ESTADOS UNIDOS

GAWAIN1; Sagutin:GAWAIN1; Sagutin:3. ANO ANG NAIS ILAHAD NG

MAY-AKDA SA KANIYANG MANIPESTO?

A. SANG-AYON SIYA SA PAGKA-KAHIRANG KAY HEN. OTIS

BILANG GOB.MIL. NGPILIPINAS

B. TINUTULAN NIYA NA MAPA-SAILALIM ANG PILIPINAS SA

KAPANGYARIHAN NGESTADOS UNIDOS

C. HINDI SIYA SANG-AYON NAPALITAN SIYA NI HEN. OTIS

BILANG PANGULO NG PILIPINAS

D. TINANGGAP NIYA NA MAPA-SAILALIM ANG BANSA SA

PAMAMAHALA NG ESTADOS UNIDOS

GAWAIN 1; Sagutin:GAWAIN 1; Sagutin:4. ALIN SA MGA SUMUSUNOD ANG

DALAWANG PATUNAY NA KAYA SIYA BUMALIK SA PILIPINAS UPANG MAKI-DIGMA SA ESPANYOL AT MAKAMIT

ANG KALAYAAN NG BANSA?

A. ANG KANIYANG PROKLAMASYONNOONG MAYO 24, 1898

B. ANG PAGKALUPIG NG HUKBONG ESPANYOL

SA MGA AMERIKANONOONG MAYO 1, 1898

C. ANG PAGLATHALA NG MANIPESTO NOONG HUNYO 12,1898

D. ANG PAGTALAGA KAY HEN.OTIS BILANG GOBERNADOR

MILITAR

GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:4. ALIN SA MGA SUMUSUNOD ANG

DALAWANG PATUNAY NA KAYA SIYA BUMALIK SA PILIPINAS UPANG MAKI-

DIGMA SA ESPANYOL AT MAKAMIT ANG KALAYAAN NG BANSA?

A. ANG KANIYANG PROKLAMASYONNOONG MAYO 24, 1898

B. ANG PAGKALUPIG NG HUKBONG ESPANYOL

SA MGA AMERIKANONOONG MAYO 1, 1898

C. ANG PAGLATHALA NG MANIPESTO NOONG HUNYO 12,1898

D. ANG PAGTALAGA KAY HEN.OTIS BILANG GOBERNADOR

MILITAR

GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:5. ANO ANG HINDI INAASAHAN NI

PANGULONG AGUINALDO NA GAGAWING HAKBANG NG MGA

AMERIKANO SA PILIPINAS NOONGPANAHONG IYON?

A. IPAGKALOOB NG ESTADOS UNIDOSANG KALAYAAN NG PILIPINAS

B. IPAHAYAG ANG KALAYAAN NG PILIPINAS SA KAWIT CAVITE

C. IPOPROKLAMA ANG PAGSA-SAILALIM NG PILIPINAS SA

KAPANGYARIHANNG ESTADOS UNIDOS

D. PATATALSIKIN NG MGA AMERIKANO ANG MGA

ESPANYOL SA PILIPINAS

Gawain 1:Sagutin:Gawain 1:Sagutin:5. ANO ANG HINDI INAASAHAN NI

PANGULONG AGUINALDO NA GAGAWING HAKBANG NG MGA

AMERIKANO SA PILIPINAS NOONGPANAHONG IYON?

A. IPAGKALOOB NG ESTADOS UNIDOSANG KALAYAAN NG PILIPINAS

B. IPAHAYAG ANG KALAYAAN NG PILIPINAS SA KAWIT CAVITE

C. IPOPROKLAMA ANG PAGSA-SAILALIM NG PILIPINAS SA

KAPANGYARIHANNG ESTADOS UNIDOS

D. PATATALSIKIN NG MGA AMERIKANO ANG MGA

ESPANYOL SA PILIPINAS

GAWAIN 2: GAWAIN 2: -Happy face-kung damdamin ni Aguinaldo-Happy face-kung damdamin ni Aguinaldo -sad face –kung hindi,pagkaraan ipaliwanag ang -sad face –kung hindi,pagkaraan ipaliwanag ang sagot sagot “General Otis styles himself Military Governor of these Islands, and I protest one and a thousand times and with all the energy

of my soul against such authority. “

Paliwanag

“And I hereby protest against this unexpected act of the United States claiming sovereignty over these Islands.”

Paliwanag

Paliwanag

“My relations with the United States did not bring me over here from Hong Kong to make war on the Spaniards for their benefit, but for the purpose of our own liberty and independence. . . “

GAWAIN 3: Ipalagay mo na ikaw si Aguinaldo, Ano ang GAWAIN 3: Ipalagay mo na ikaw si Aguinaldo, Ano ang mangyayari sa iyo at sa bansa batay sa sumusunod na mangyayari sa iyo at sa bansa batay sa sumusunod na

sitwasyon?sitwasyon?

Kung tinanggap ko ang Pamamahala ng mga

Amerikano?

Kung hindi ko tinanggap ang

pamamahala ng mga Amerikano

ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUEANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE -Sa pagtatapos ng buwan ng Pebrero1899, -Sa pagtatapos ng buwan ng Pebrero1899,

napakalaking bilang ng mga Pilipino ang napakalaking bilang ng mga Pilipino ang nagbuwis ng buhay sa panahon ng pananakop ng nagbuwis ng buhay sa panahon ng pananakop ng Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas.Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas.

-Sa gitna ng mga trahedyang naganap sa buhay -Sa gitna ng mga trahedyang naganap sa buhay nating mga Pilipino , may mga tanyag na tao na nating mga Pilipino , may mga tanyag na tao na bumuo ng bumuo ng American Anti-Imperialist League American Anti-Imperialist League katulad nina katulad nina Mark Twain, William James Mark Twain, William James at at Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie na nagpahayag ng pagtutol sa na nagpahayag ng pagtutol sa ginawang pananakop ng Estados Unidos sa ginawang pananakop ng Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas .Pilipinas .

Address to the People of the United States Issued by the Anti-Address to the People of the United States Issued by the Anti-Imperialist League November 19, 1898 -----Imperialist League November 19, 1898 -----

A true republic of free men must rest upon the principles that all A true republic of free men must rest upon the principles that all its citizens are equal under the law, that a government derives its its citizens are equal under the law, that a government derives its just powers from the consent of the governed, and that there must just powers from the consent of the governed, and that there must be no taxation without representation. These principles be no taxation without representation. These principles abandoned, a republic exists but in name, and its people lose their abandoned, a republic exists but in name, and its people lose their rights as free men.rights as free men.

Planting itself upon these lasting truths, the people of the United Planting itself upon these lasting truths, the people of the United States solemnly declared in their Constitution that the citizens of States solemnly declared in their Constitution that the citizens of each State should have the privileges and immunities of citizens of each State should have the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States; that all persons born or naturalized in the the several States; that all persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction should be citizens of United States and subject to its jurisdiction should be citizens of the United States and of the several States; and that the rights of the United States and of the several States; and that the rights of none should be abridged on account of race, color, or previous none should be abridged on account of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude. The Constitution gives to the United conditions of servitude. The Constitution gives to the United States, no more than to the individual, the right to hold slaves or States, no more than to the individual, the right to hold slaves or vassals, and recognizes no distinction between classes of vassals, and recognizes no distinction between classes of citizens,--one with full rights as free men, and another as subjects citizens,--one with full rights as free men, and another as subjects governed by military force.governed by military force.

We are in full sympathy with the heroic struggles for liberty of the We are in full sympathy with the heroic struggles for liberty of the people in the Spanish Islands, and therefore we protest against depriving people in the Spanish Islands, and therefore we protest against depriving them of their rights by an exchange of masters. Only by recognizing them of their rights by an exchange of masters. Only by recognizing their rights as free men are all their interests protected. Expansion by their rights as free men are all their interests protected. Expansion by natural growth in thinly-settled contiguous territory, acquired by natural growth in thinly-settled contiguous territory, acquired by purchase for the expressed purpose of ultimate statehood, cannot be purchase for the expressed purpose of ultimate statehood, cannot be confounded with, or made analogous to, foreign territory conquered by confounded with, or made analogous to, foreign territory conquered by war and wrested by force from a weak enemy. A beaten foe has no right war and wrested by force from a weak enemy. A beaten foe has no right to transfer a people whose consent has not been asked, and a free to transfer a people whose consent has not been asked, and a free republic has no right to hold in subjection a people so transferred.republic has no right to hold in subjection a people so transferred.

No American, until today, has disputed these propositions; it remains for the No American, until today, has disputed these propositions; it remains for the new Imperialism to set up the law of might and to place commercial gain and a new Imperialism to set up the law of might and to place commercial gain and a false philanthropy above the sound principles upon which the Republic was false philanthropy above the sound principles upon which the Republic was based. In defence of its position it has already urged the fallacy of the based. In defence of its position it has already urged the fallacy of the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed a wisdom superior to that of the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed a wisdom superior to that of the framers of the Constitution. As solemnly as a people could, we announced the framers of the Constitution. As solemnly as a people could, we announced the war to be solely for humanity and freedom, without a thought, desire, or purpose war to be solely for humanity and freedom, without a thought, desire, or purpose of gain to ourselves; all that we sought has been accomplished in Cuba's of gain to ourselves; all that we sought has been accomplished in Cuba's liberation. Shall we now prove false to our declaration and seize by force islands liberation. Shall we now prove false to our declaration and seize by force islands thousands of miles away whose peoples have not desired our presence and thousands of miles away whose peoples have not desired our presence and whose will we have not asked?whose will we have not asked?

Whatever islands we take must be annexed or held in vassalage to Whatever islands we take must be annexed or held in vassalage to the Republic. Either course is dangerous to the physical and moral the Republic. Either course is dangerous to the physical and moral safety of the nation, inconsistent with our professions, and must safety of the nation, inconsistent with our professions, and must result in foreign complications which will imperil and delay the result in foreign complications which will imperil and delay the settlement of pressing financial, labor, and administrative settlement of pressing financial, labor, and administrative questions at home. questions at home.

Impressed with the importance of these views, and recalling the Impressed with the importance of these views, and recalling the declaration of the President that the war with Spain could never declaration of the President that the war with Spain could never degenerate into a war of conquest, we have deferred action until it degenerate into a war of conquest, we have deferred action until it has become apparent that pressure was being brought to bear has become apparent that pressure was being brought to bear upon the President, to convince him that public opinion demands upon the President, to convince him that public opinion demands the inclusion of alien territory and great masses of alien people the inclusion of alien territory and great masses of alien people into the territory of the United States.into the territory of the United States.

We stand by the President's declaration, and in order to give We stand by the President's declaration, and in order to give evidence of the opposition to a foreign expansion policy by a vast evidence of the opposition to a foreign expansion policy by a vast body of our people, have organized an Anti-Imperialist League, body of our people, have organized an Anti-Imperialist League, upon the following general plan:upon the following general plan:

1. The centre of the movement to be at Washington, with a local 1. The centre of the movement to be at Washington, with a local secretary there for executive work.secretary there for executive work.

2. Committees of correspondence to conduct the work in such manner 2. Committees of correspondence to conduct the work in such manner as to bring together the united efforts of men of repute throughout the as to bring together the united efforts of men of repute throughout the country, without regard to party, to deal with the subject in all its country, without regard to party, to deal with the subject in all its aspects, as follows: The moral iniquity of converting a war for aspects, as follows: The moral iniquity of converting a war for humanity into a war for conquest; the physical degeneration, the humanity into a war for conquest; the physical degeneration, the corruption of the blood, and all the evils of militarism which will ensue corruption of the blood, and all the evils of militarism which will ensue if troops are to be kept in the Philippines and elsewhere longer than if troops are to be kept in the Philippines and elsewhere longer than absolutely necessary to enable government to be established which absolutely necessary to enable government to be established which will protect life and property; the political evils and the necessity of will protect life and property; the political evils and the necessity of preserving the Union upon the principles of its framers; the clear preserving the Union upon the principles of its framers; the clear necessity of large increase of taxes for the support of armies and necessity of large increase of taxes for the support of armies and navies, with a great probability that voluntary enlistment will have to navies, with a great probability that voluntary enlistment will have to be supplemented by drafts. Committees of correspondence have be supplemented by drafts. Committees of correspondence have begun work under the name of the Anti-Imperialist League, the first begun work under the name of the Anti-Imperialist League, the first measure being to organize the moral forces of the country, for purpose measure being to organize the moral forces of the country, for purpose of presenting the following protest to the President and to the of presenting the following protest to the President and to the Congress of the United States:-- To the President and to the Congress Congress of the United States:-- To the President and to the Congress of the United States: The undersigned, citizens of __________, in the of the United States: The undersigned, citizens of __________, in the State of _________, protest against any extension of the sovereignty of State of _________, protest against any extension of the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippine Islands, in any event, or other the United States over the Philippine Islands, in any event, or other foreign territory, withoutforeign territory, without

the free consent of the people thereof, believing such the free consent of the people thereof, believing such action would be dangerous to the Republic, wasteful of action would be dangerous to the Republic, wasteful of its resources, in violation of constitutional principles, its resources, in violation of constitutional principles, and fraught with moral and physical evils to our people.and fraught with moral and physical evils to our people.

Name and residence. Occupation.Name and residence. Occupation. Every citizen believing in the above is urged to copy it, Every citizen believing in the above is urged to copy it,

obtain immediately as many signatures as possible and obtain immediately as many signatures as possible and send forward the signed protest to the secretary of the send forward the signed protest to the secretary of the Anti-Imperialist League, Washington, D.C., where the Anti-Imperialist League, Washington, D.C., where the names will be enrolled, without liability to assessment, names will be enrolled, without liability to assessment, as members of the League, and the protest presented as members of the League, and the protest presented to the President and Congress. to the President and Congress.

Submitted on behalf of the Executive Committee of the Submitted on behalf of the Executive Committee of the Anti-Imperialist League, of which Hon. G. S. Boutwell is Anti-Imperialist League, of which Hon. G. S. Boutwell is President. Erving Winslow, Secretary. Boston, President. Erving Winslow, Secretary. Boston, November 19, 1898.November 19, 1898.

Sagutin:Sagutin: 1. Batay sa sipi, Ano ang kahulugan 1. Batay sa sipi, Ano ang kahulugan

ng Imperyalismo?ng Imperyalismo? 2. Sa panahong iyon, ano ang isang 2. Sa panahong iyon, ano ang isang

sitwasyon na nagpapakita ng sitwasyon na nagpapakita ng kaisipang imperyalismo ng mga kaisipang imperyalismo ng mga AMERIKANO?AMERIKANO?

3. Tungkol saan ang Anti-Imperialist 3. Tungkol saan ang Anti-Imperialist League?League?

4. Sang-ayon ba ang mga kasapi ng 4. Sang-ayon ba ang mga kasapi ng Anti-Imperialist League sa balak na Anti-Imperialist League sa balak na pananakop ng Estados Unidos sa pananakop ng Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas? Bakit mo nasabi?Pilipinas? Bakit mo nasabi?

5. Aling pahayag sa sipi ang 5. Aling pahayag sa sipi ang nagpapatunay sa pagtanggi ng Anti-nagpapatunay sa pagtanggi ng Anti-Imperialist League na pangasiwaan ng Imperialist League na pangasiwaan ng Amerikano ang Pilipinas? Amerikano ang Pilipinas?

6. Kung isa ka sa mga Amerikanong 6. Kung isa ka sa mga Amerikanong nabuhay sa panahong iyon, nais mo bang nabuhay sa panahong iyon, nais mo bang maging kasapi ng Anti-Imperialist maging kasapi ng Anti-Imperialist League? Bakit?League? Bakit?

7. Kung isa ka sa mga Pilipinong nabuhay 7. Kung isa ka sa mga Pilipinong nabuhay sa panahong iyon, ano ang nais mong sa panahong iyon, ano ang nais mong sabihin sa mga kasapi ng Anti-Imperialist sabihin sa mga kasapi ng Anti-Imperialist League?League?

Pahayag ni Mark Twain Pahayag ni Mark Twain October 15,1900October 15,1900

(The New York Herald)(The New York Herald)

I wanted the American eagle to go screaming into the Pacific ... Why not I wanted the American eagle to go screaming into the Pacific ... Why not spread its wings over the Philippines, I asked myself? ... I said to myself, spread its wings over the Philippines, I asked myself? ... I said to myself, Here are a people who have suffered for three centuries. We can make Here are a people who have suffered for three centuries. We can make them as free as ourselves, give them a government and country of their them as free as ourselves, give them a government and country of their own, put a miniature of the own, put a miniature of the American Constitution afloat in the Pacific,  afloat in the Pacific, start a brand new republic to take its place among the free nations of start a brand new republic to take its place among the free nations of the world. It seemed to me a great task to which we had addressed the world. It seemed to me a great task to which we had addressed ourselves. But I have thought some more, since then, and I have read ourselves. But I have thought some more, since then, and I have read carefully the carefully the treaty of Paris [which ended the  [which ended the Spanish-American War], ], and I have seen that we do not intend to free, but to subjugate the and I have seen that we do not intend to free, but to subjugate the people of the Philippines. We have gone there to conquer, not to people of the Philippines. We have gone there to conquer, not to redeem. It should, it seems to me, be our pleasure and duty to make redeem. It should, it seems to me, be our pleasure and duty to make those people free, and let them deal with their own domestic questions those people free, and let them deal with their own domestic questions in their own way. And so I am an anti-imperialist. I am opposed to in their own way. And so I am an anti-imperialist. I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other landhaving the eagle put its talons on any other land

Sagutin:Sagutin: 1. Saan inihalintulad ang Estados 1. Saan inihalintulad ang Estados Unidos?Unidos? 2. Ano ang ginawa ng Estados 2. Ano ang ginawa ng Estados Unidos?Unidos? 3. Ano ang gusto niyang gawin ng 3. Ano ang gusto niyang gawin ng Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas?Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas? 4. bakit gusto niyang gawing malaya4. bakit gusto niyang gawing malaya

Ang Pilipinas? Ang Pilipinas? 5. Bakit niya sinabing “Great Task”5. Bakit niya sinabing “Great Task” ang gusto niyang mangyari?ang gusto niyang mangyari?