QED Cooling of Electronics

Thomas PrevenslikQED Radiations

Discovery Bay, Hong Kong

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

1

Today, automobile engines are cooled by radiators based on pool-boiling that began with the Industrial Revolution.

Recently, heat transfer experiments show water against porous 50 – 150 nm ZnO2 coatings are 10X more efficient because

porosity increases surface area.

However, the notion porosity increases heat transfer surface area is one of classical physics that assumes temperature

changes always occur irrespective of coating thickness, but

QM requires the heat capacity of the atom to vanish in nanoscale coatings thereby precluding increases in temperature

QM = quantum mechanics

[1] L. O. Chua, “Memristor - the missing circuit element,” IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory, vol. 18, pp. 507–519, 1971.

Introduction

2IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

QM Restrictions

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

Without heat capacity, conservation proceeds by the creation of QED induced non-thermal EM radiation.

QED = quantum electrodynamicsEM = electromagnetic.

Pool boiling not required as QED radiation is emitted from the ZnO2 coating and directly absorbed in the water.

Water not necessary as QED radiation may also be absorbed in ambient air to enhance cooling of both nano

and conventional electronics, e.g.,

Printed electronics

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QED Radiation

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

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QED radiation

Nano Coating avoids natural convection and conserves Joule heat by QED radiation instead of

temperature increase

Joule heat PrintedElectronics

Coating

Natural convection

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

Theory

Heat Capacity of the Atom

TIR Confinement

QED Induced Heat Transfer

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Heat Capacity of the Atom

1 10 100 10000.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

TIR Confinement Wavelength - l - microns

Pla

nck

Ene

rgy

- E

- e

V

1

kT

hcexp

hc

E

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NEMS

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

In MEMS, atoms have heat capacity, but not in NEMS

MEMS kT 0.0258 eV

Classical Physics

QM

Since the RI of coating > electronics, the QED radiation is confined by TIR

Circuit elements ( films, wires, etc) have high surface to volume ratio, but why important?

The EM energy absorbed in the surface of circuit elements provides the TIR confinement of QED radiation.

QED radiation is spontaneously created from Joule heat dissipated in nanoelectronics.

f = (c/n) / and E = hf

TIR Confinement

7IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

For thin film printed circuits having thickness d, = 2d

For NEMS, QED radiation gives no hot spots, but 1/f Noise

QED Emission

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

1 10 100 10000.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

Coating Thickness - d - nm

QE

D R

adia

tion

Wav

elen

gth

- -

mic

rons

Zinc Oxide

Silicon

IR

VIS

UV

EUV

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QED radiation emission in VIS and UV radiation

Applications

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

Thin FilmsQED v. Natural Convection

Optimum Circuit Design

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Thin Films

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

The reduced thermal conductivity of thin films has been known for over 50 years.

Today, the BTE derives the steady state thickness dependent conductivity of thin films.

BTE = Boltzmann transport equation.

But the BTE solutions show reduced conductivity only because QED radiation loss is not included in heat balance.

If the QED loss is included, no reduction in conductivity The conductivity remains at bulk.

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QED v. Natural Convection

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

Classical convective heat transfer dissipates heat Q by,

 hc is the heat transfer coefficient, and A the surface area.

By QM , the temperatures of the coating and surroundings are the same, T = To

   

QED heat transfer is significant, hQED >> hc

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Optimum Electronics Design

IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 10000.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

Characteristic Size - d = / 2 - microns

TIR

Pla

nck

Ene

rgy

E =

hc

/ 2nd

- e

V

n = 3

n = 1.5Zinc Oxide

Optimum Design 0.05 < d < 20 microns

Fourier equation and BTE invalid Use QED heat transfer 12

Optimum

No 1/f NoiseNo Hot Spots

1/f Noise

No Hot Spots

NEMS Silicon

E > 3 eVCharged atoms

By QM, significant enhancement in pool-boiling heat transfer found by coating with 50-150 nm zinc oxide is not caused by

the porosity of the coating, but rather by QED radiation

Optimum NEMS/MEMS electronics circuit element occurs with 0.05 to 20 micron thick printed circuits.

• No hot spots or 1/f noise

• Design printed circuits using QED

QED supersedes natural convection, but requires nanoscale coatings on heat transfer surfaces

Conclusions

13IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA

Questions & Papers

Email: nanoqed@gmail.com

http://www.nanoqed.org

14IEEE NEMS 2014 – 9th Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Systems , April 13 - 16, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, USA