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GIS Training Google Earth QGIS 0.11.1
Linking Data from Sphinx
CartONG December 9-11, 2008
Action Contre la Faim (Spain)
Version 1.1
DRAFT
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Document and tutorial created by Yann Rbois in collaboration with Julien Muraz Version 1.0 August 2007 Version 1.1 December 2008 Translation December 2008 , Stephanie Perham The coordinates have not been updated and are only to be used as educational examples. Certain parts of the training were taken from http://www.sigea.educagri.fr. All improvements and future developments will be shared with the humanitarian community. Developers! To your keyboards! [email protected] www.CartONG.org
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARY 5 PLOTTING VISUALIZATION DATA INTO GOOGLE EARTH 6 PRESENTATION QGIS POSSIBILITIES 7 The Advantages of Working with QGIS 7 Description of a Possible Geographic Base Coordinates Structure Adapted for NGOs 10 Structuring Projects using QGIS 11
1. WAT/SAN THEMATIC 16
1.1 Display Properties
1.2 Cartography with Thematic Analysis 17
1.2.1 Streaming EXCEL 18
1.2.2 Cartography Thematics 19
1.3 Tagging Information in an Existing Table 22
1.3.1 Editing layers 22
1.4 Searching/Selecting Table Attributes 25
1.4.1 Searching 25
1.4.2 Selecting with SQL 25
1.5 Raster Management 27
1.6 Navigation 28
1.7 Consulting WMS layers 28
1.7.1 Pre-saved Connections 28
1.7.2 New Connections 30
2. ROADS AND ROAD REHABILITATION 31
2.1 Integrating Coordinates from a GPS into an Existing Layer 31
2.2 Downloading data from the GPS 33
2.3 Editing the Geometry 34
2.4 Register a Raster Image 35
2.5 Inserting the Coordinates in Text Format, CSV with the
Plug-in Delimited Text 36
2.6 Creation of a New Layer 37
2.7 Page Setting 40
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3. POPULATION MOVEMENT THEMATIC 42
3.1 Assigning a Unique Symbol for ACF 43
3.2 Mapping Different Projections 44
3.3 Working with Graticules 46
4. FOOD SECURITY THEMATIC 47 4.1 Linking Information from a Survey like SPHINX 47
4.2 Exporting the Thematic Fields 48
4.3 Mapping the Data 50
4.4 Site Selection with Random Sampling 52
4.5 Creation of Grids for a Better Sampling Methodology 55
4.6 Counting the Number of Villages within Each Grid 56
4.7 Sampling with a Subset 57
4.8 Selection with Random Subsets 58
4.9 Mapping Indicators or Aggregated Information 60
4.10 Buffer: How to Design an Area of Influence 60
4.11 Count the Villages that are within the Buffer 61
4.12 Determining a Best Location 62
4.13 Inserting a Map into SPHINX 63
5. FINAL EXERCISE 66
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How to Use this Document In italics: Question, exercise to complete
Trick: Practical advice for efficient work. PRELIMINARY: Download and install the most recent version of QGIS from: http://download.qgis.org/qgis/ or install from CD Installation of FWtools (following the software for coordinate conversion) or from the CD. Download Grass: http://grass.itc.it/grass62/binary/mswindows/ (optional). Download Scintilla: http://scintilla.sourceforge.net/ScintillaDownload.html or install from the CD GPSBabel: http://sourceforge.net/project/downloading.php?group_id=58972&use_mirror=easynews&filename=gpsbabel-1.3.4.zip&99450959 or install from the CD PDF Creator: http://sourceforge.net/project/downloading.php?group_id=57796&use_mirror=easynews&filename=PDFCreator-0_9_3_GPLGhostscript.exe&79159352 or install from the CD Google Earth (version-pro), preferably, http://earth.google.com/ Resources: http://blog.qgis.org http://www.portailsig.org/, http://gis.coaps.fsu.edu/FOSS_GIS/Introduction_to_Quantum_GIS_0_8_0.pdf%20 http://www.georezo.net/ http://www.portailsig.org/ http://seig.ensg.ign.fr http://www.ensg.ign.fr/
Objectives: Themes to tackle and master.
File Code
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1. GOOGLE EARTH: SOFTWARE FOR QUICK MAP PRODUCTION 1.1 Navigate to Panganan (The Philippines)
1.2 Plot the exact location of the village http://earth.google.com/userguide/v4/tutorials/marking_locations.html 1.3 Plot the crops to the southern part of the village 1.4 Manage the layers 1.5 Getting coordinates in Degrees Minutes Seconds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEpqGlIY04s 1.6 Export image to be inserted in a GIS 1.7 Plotting GPS coordinates Coordinates should be downloaded first into a GPX format. 1.8 Version Pro 1.8.1 Downloading waypoints 1.8.2 Export image to be inrted in a GIS 1.8.3 Exporting KML fle to shp file Using shp2Kml software Or ogr2ogr -f KML input.kml output .shp -dsco AltitudeMode=absolute 1.9 Added value/disadvantages of working with Google Earth
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2. POTENTIAL USES OF QGIS There is a choice between free solutions and solutions that must be purchased. It depends on your choice as well as maintenance fees, development fees and labour costs.
QGIS is a good choice for a simple and robust way to present information quickly
QGIS can be used to liaise with distant layers and servers, but is not very compatible with Windows
There is a large community of QGIS developpers compared to other free GIS solutions.
QGIS is limited in terms of asthetical view point/graphics QGIS has the advantage of being able to work with logistics attributes Using Windows, there are often little bugs in QGIS QGIS allows the use of other conversion tools for extrating or juggling the
coordinates Linux is the best environment for QGIS!
Advantages of Working with QGIS
Numerous Usable Formats
QGIS allows the use of numerous raster and vector formats at one time. In effect, for
this to take place, QGIS is based on OGR libraries for the vectors and GDAL for the
rasters. As a result, it is possible to open *.shp, *.tab, and *.mif/mid. as well as *.tiff,
jpeg, etc. QGIS is conditioned to open both format types. It is also possible to open
*.ecw files by using or compiling a version of GDAL that accepts that type of format.
It is equally possible to connect to WMS and WFS servers and also to attach layers concerning specific issues from the spatial PostgreSQL cartridge: PostGIS
Projection and Re-projection
In the same method as with file formats, projections under GQIS are generated by an
external library: Proj4. This library references a very large number of projections,
most of which are commonly used in France.
Additionally, QGIS allows the re-projection on the fly. That means it will reproject a
layer according a baseline projection dataset. For this, you must render the project
properties (Preferences/Properties of the project) in the projection of the thumbnail.
You need to check the box: Authorize projection on the fly.
Thematic analysis tools and attachments
QGIS Interface Presentation
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1. Menu Bar / Tool Bars
This bar allows you to use different software
functions.
File (Open, save, export or print)
View (Zoom tools and position markers)
Layer (Add, cut, choose graphics for layers)
Settings (Adjustment of boundaries and
projections)
Plugins (Sub-menus corresponding to the installed plugins)
Help
2
1
3
4
5
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The toolbars correspond to the functions in the menus. Nevertheless, during the first
use, not all the tools are visible (plug-in tools). Plug-ins are activated by using the
menu called Plug-ins/Plug-in Management, which allows you to attach the
corresponding tools.
2. Legend
This area of the software allows you to play with the visibility of the layers and their
order. The topmost layers in this window are superimposed over the layers beneath.
The tick box found directly to the left of a layers name allows you to attach or hide the
layer. The layer can then be edited by clicking on the layer.
3. The Browsing Window
This area allows you to see the assembled layers. The attached area in the primary
window is represented by a rectangle. On the version metis, the overview window
cannot be inserted in the page.
4. The Map Window
This is the window within which the map elements are attached. These elements vary
and will function depending on the vector and raster layers that you have selected in
the legend window. In this window, you may use the navigation tools (zoom to slide
the back of the map onto the screen).
5. The Status Bar
The map scale in the primary window is attached to the status bar. To have a correct
scale bar the working units must be metric. (Preference Menu/Project Properties).
The status bar also gives the (X,Y) coordinates on the map. The coordinates are
expressed as a part of the chosen projection system. A tick box allows
activation/deactivation
A tick box permits the activation/deactivation of the possible actions that can be made on the map. This can be useful after complex treatments as it frees up software resources. If the tick box is checked, the screen cannot be refreshed.
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Description of a possible structure for a geographic database adapted for NGOs.
Consolidating information between different offices and having a geodatabase model allows you to easily synchronize information and have a unique model that follows the different projects. The file system can be divided into two large parts: A Data file that compiles the coordinates can be used by all projects taking place at the global level (relief, office, field) and a file of specific projects for the country/region and for the project itself. Each country file can be broken down into file projects. Each project should be divided by a cartographic project code that is named as precisely as possible. A country-specific layers file can include sub-files by thematic. An *.img file protects map exports in image format. NGOs should use a unique projection system, for example: longitude/latitude in WGS84.
-To name the projects, think of naming the page setting and the size of the operation. A3PC signifies a map in A3 format in colour portrait. L for Landscape for example. -To name the exports, use the name of the project with the data at the end dd/mm/yy. - It is important to develop a map template with a dataset by regrouping the generic data after being able to operate quickly. -Define your own semiology for boundaries, administrative units, school representation, programme colouring, etc.
Objective: - Establish and construct a filesystem that can be easily be replicated and financed in
different operations. - Understand the QGIS project structure.
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Structuring the Project Under QGIS Understanding how the application functions facilitates use. By editing the project with a text editor, some lines of the code describe the map developed with QGIS. meters 69.128365 34.915400 69.157335 34.938700 i_42_43_320070819115857281 C:\Solidarites_formation\Mapdatabase\Projects\Country\Afghanistan\Layers\Raster\i_42_43_3.jpg i_42_43_3 +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 2585 4326 4326 WGS 84 longlat WGS84 false +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 2585 4326 4326 WGS 84 longlat WGS84 false 255 MULTI_BAND_COLOR 0 1 : Red 2 : Green 3 : Blue Not Set i_42_43_120070819115818687 C:\Documents and Settings\CartONG_Mob1\Desktop\final_wells_enhanced_not_erase.shp final_wells_enhanced_not_erase
1
2
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+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 2585 4326 4326 WGS 84 longlat WGS84 false +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 2585 4326 4326 WGS 84 longlat WGS84 false 255 ogr System DONOR ID 0 25 hard:circle 6 SolidLine 1 SolidPattern DFID hard:star 6 SolidLine 1 SolidPattern USAID hard:triangle 14 SolidLine 1 SolidPattern
3
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210 297 243 Legend 27 0 true 0 true 0 true 0 1 true 0 true 2 false 4 MS Shell Dlg 2 false 50 false
4
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landscape 219 63.2871249888187 1 26 28 scale 6.7124018264811 166 34.4956998322459 true 1 0.5 0 64.7571409888181 35.3859024474653 300 2 136 0.1 137 1 m 2 1 14 MS Shell Dlg 2 false 50 false 0 255 255 255 255 255 true 0 0 0 0 1 30 true 2 true
5
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1. Description of the map 2. Description of the layers 3. Description of the thematic analysis of the map 4. Description of the legend 5. Description of the page setting Importance of conserving the access paths to the layers: If you move the layers, QGIS cannot open the projet. It is possible to change the access path by using the code. If you reopen a project saved under e previuos version you will get a warning message, if you move some layers and you try to reopen the project, QGIS might ask you where are located the layers. Error lines will stop you from being able to find the paths and do your work / It will be interesting to develop a map template with layers used on a daily basis and for all emergencies (localized in the data) in order to add specific layers, especially during expert missions and emergencies.
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Datasets available in the map database include: provinces, wells in the Shamali Plain, topographical maps.
Most importantly, do not forget to save your document regularly. 1. WAT/SAN Thematic
1.1 Display properties
1.1.1 Open the project: Afghanistan_Watsan_projects_A4LC.qg by clicking on the
following icon: The project will begin by
displaying 3 layers: The provinces and the rivers in
a vector file and 2 topograhical maps in raster.
1.1.2 Before loading the layer for wells on the
Shamali Plain, change the layer on provinces to
suit your taste (e.g., colours, borders, label).
Objectives: - Work with punctuals symbols on the Wat/San thematic. - Add vectorial layers and rasters. - Edit and enter the data into an Excel spreadsheet. - Search for information in the attributes tables. - Create thematic analyses to represent the information. - Edit a punctual layer and take the data attributes at the same time. - Navigate favourites. - Load the distant WMS layers.
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Choose the labelling and choose the field in which you want to set the labelling.
For the province label, the colour, the size of the label (choose the size systematically
by taking into consideration the size of that the points will be printed on paper), and
the different thumbnails are up to you.
Align the font (centre, high, low) and orient the labels. The buffer allows you to draw
a halo that gives a nice render around the letters.
Position: QGIS does not authorize modification of the manual / for label placement, nor for the option of labelling 2 object fields. / You cannot delte multiple polygon labels /. Instead, you have to play around with the positioning of the labels. There is also the possibility of classifying the labelling manual or semi-manual. A field
position must be defined to show the position of the label (complete the label_x or
label_y fields manually, then use these fields to position the labels. There can also
be a field that gives the rotation/angle of the text).
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Data Defined Style allows you to attribute specific types of labels for each type of
data.
Open the vector layer final_wells_enhanced_not_erase.shp with
First, modify the tables fields in order to be able to use the different types of
cartographic themes. Modify the fields so that the fields are Integer or float.
1.2 Mapping with Thematic Analyses
For this to be done, the fields must be in integer or floating format. Open the *.DBF
file and verify the saved fields by selecting the *.DBF fields. From now onward, it is
possible to map the information with thematic values. QGIS does not yet allow the
tables to be joined directly or the coordination wtih an Excel spreadsheet or an
Access database. Therefore, you must prepare before the tables.
You just receved complementary information regarding the wells in an Excel
spreadsheet: Wells_complements_info.xls
-Map with a thematic analysis on the depth of the wells.
1.2.1 Prepare the attribute table in Excel
Replace the OK or No fields with the logical fields and add this information to the
coordinates of the wells.
1.2.1.1 Replace OK with True and No
with False
1.2.1.2 Link the information with a
Vlookup by using the function Vlookup
1.2.1.3 Create the columns with which
the information that you would like to
join (the join will be done on a unique
identifier for which the interest is to
work with the Pcodes).
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1.2.1.4 Copy the information into a new sheet in the same workbook (be sure to
create a worksheet in advance).
1.2.1.5 Update the function =VLOOKUP(B2:B18,Sheet1!$A$1:$D$27,2,FALSE)
1.2.1.5 Copy the table and use Paste Special to paste (in order to conserve the
values) on a new sheet. Overwrite the *.DBF again.
In the case of geometric modifications, it is preferable to edit fisrt the geometry from
QGIS and then to update the columns. It is now possible to directly link the
information with Ftools. (See Excercise 4).
1.2.2 Cartographic Thematics
1.2.2.1 Absolute value/classes
Mapping absolute values (the depth of
wells), making another classification of
wells (e.g., 10 metres, 10-15 metres
and +15 metres of depth).
Right click on the layer in Layer
Properties. Chose the type of legend
from Graducated Symbol. Choose the
field within which you will do the
thematic analysis wells_deph and the
mode Equal Interval. Chose 4 classes.
These classes can be modified manually
(currently QGIS does not offer any other
methods of classification). After
selection, assign the class, the type of
symbol and the characteristics.
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With classes of colours:
Rename te layer as Depth of Wells. Personalize the legend.
1.2.2.3 Thematic analysis on individual values.
Represent each of wells with a different symbol to
represent the different partners/donors.
Go to the layers properties and choose Unique
Value. Conduct a thematic analysis in the Donor
field and assign a different symbol for each donor.
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1.3 Add the information into an existing table.
It is possible to add the points of interest or POI (in this case, new wells). Create the
following new wells:
Name of Well Village Donor AKK1 Zemma UNHCR AKK2 Zanabad USAID
AKK3 Shekyu USAID
AKK4 Sangav DFID
Re-assign the corresponding columns from the attribute table with this information
and update the map.
1.3.1 Editing layers
Editing the information beginning with the data capture interface Make the
preliminary layer editable right clicking on Allow Edit.
To find locations or to digitize the wells, use the topographical maps or other
documents. Once the saved point is given the attribute information in the table, two
solutions are available: access to the table via the Management Table or via
Info Tool.
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Tipps: It will be difficult to assign symbols stemming from the thematic analysis since
the symbol is not memorized and the information from USAID is not yet saved in the
QGIS database. You may either redo the thematic analysis or, more simply and
quickly without losing the existing semiology, add into the project code under the
reference layer at the level of thematic analysis.
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Save and re-open
the project.
By synopsis, quickly obtain attribute information.
Select the layer within which you want to search information. Use the tool
information. Click on the desired elements. A window without the possibility of
modification gives information from the attribute table.
USAID hard:triangle 14 SolidLine 1
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1.4 Search/Select from the Attribute Tables
1.4.1 Search
Search for the wells under the responsibility of the Qarabah Bureau.
Simply use the Search Tool to find Qarabagh and chose the column where the
search will be conducted.
1.4.2 Select with SQL
Select all the wells coded by Kxx. How many are there?
You want to know which villages have the most critical situations concerning the
quantity of water versus the number of inhabitants.
Select the wells with less than 10 metres of actual water and more than 400 probable
inhabitants.
Write the request EXPECTED_P > '400' AND CURRENT_WAT < '10' and use the help
of the management of requests. Chose the fields within which you will make the
information requests and the values that you wish to search.
How many are there? Which ones?
Click on Open Attribute Table and use the Search Manager. Use the pop-up menu
Select and Bring to the Top, to choose and advance.
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It is possible to manipulate the data from the attribute tables by obtaining data from
the icon and classifying upwards , ordering the values in the table, by removing
certain fields and reversing the selection .
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All the selections in the attribute tables are visible on the map in yellow (default
colour, not necessarily visible for the isolated /). It is possible to modify the selection colours in Properties.
1.5 Raster Management
Managing raster layers. The raster layers can be the primary sources of information
with the collection via formulas. Particularly useful for digitization. Study the
properties of the layers similarities in comparison to vector layers. What are the
differences?
You already have georeferenced layers (already in
the system of projections that are representative of
the information in the right place/location). QGIS
re-projects the projection systems contained in the
projection file EPSG. Open another layer
i_42_43_3.jpg, observe the file with the same name
and extention *.jpw.
What is the purpose of this file?
From the icon Add a Raster Layer and
associate this layer to the two other rasters.
Create a group of layers of the same type (in this
case, the foundations are based on topographical
maps) and slide the layers under the group. It is possible to rename it. The purpose
is to be able to group the layers it to attach a single thematic with just one click.
1.6 Navigation
0.00004869605576492640 0.00000000000000000000 0.00000000000000000000 -0.00004496101172739947 68.99936060520845200000 34.99997984887400500000
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Use the classic navigation tools to navigate: Pan , zoom , zoom to
extent layer .
Bookmark is a practical tool that allows you to easily access the map extension.
QGIS can memorize a number of bookmarks within a workspace.
Create a favourite using this icon in the centre of
the wells on the topographic maps.
Chose the whole view of Afghanistan and, using
favourites, click
on Show
Bookmarks and
choose the
memorized
area.
1.7 Consulting WMS Layers.
1.7.1 Memorized Connections.
Insert the layers (images) from the WMS server.
Certain sources of coordinates are public and can be interesting if the Web connection
is sufficient.
- Click on the icon Add a WMS Layer.
Choose the server in the pop-up menu.
- Click on Connection.
QGIS connects to the server and examines its own catalogue. This returns the
following information to QGIS:
The format list offered by the server; and
The list of layers proposed by the server with information relative to each layer:
Name
Summary
Specific information
The list of projectins supported by the server
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You must specify the group of parameters to be able to load one of the proposed
layers on the WMS server. By default, we recommend to work in Longitude/Latitude
WGS84.
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With regard to image encoding:
Each format has its advantages and conveniences.
JPEG: Does not manage the transparency of the image served. It is well adapted for
natural images (e.g., satellite imagery, aerial photographs). It compresses the
images well and sends small sized images.
PNG: Facilitates the compression. The format *.png is adapted particularly for
sending images within which there are geometric objects (e.g., vector coordinates).
Choice of projection: Opportunity to chose the best adapted projection.
The server can reproject, on the fly, the information layers that you are proposing.
WGS84: Useful if you have the layers expressed in decimal degrees.
1.7.2 New Connection
You have loaded a new WMS layer on an address that is already memorized.
There are other servers that can be useful for this work. For example:
WMS: http://wms.globexplorer.com/gexservlets/wms?SERVICENAME=wms_world
Fill in the Proxy if necessary.
Examples of the base coordination attribute structures that can be used are
DWD, Watsan template (as attached in the CD).
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Datasets available in the map database among others: District coordinates, road coordinates, GPS waypoints, map of Uganda.
Open Project Uganda which contains four layers: Administrative units, boundaries,
roads and displacement sites.
2. Thematic: Roads and Rehabilitation
2.1 Integrate the coordinates coming from a GPS into an existing layer.
Digitization: From the topographic maps.
Import GPS coordinates: Tracks
2.1. Convert a layer *.TAB en *.SHP in order to make it editable.
Network of existing roads in the format *.Tab to be modified into a shapefile (*.shp) in
order to edit it. Convert using OGR2OGR from the Fwtools. QGIS reas multiple native
formats but for editing it should be a shapefile.
Objectives: - Work with linears. - Convert shapefile with OGR2OGR. - Load coordinates with a GPS. - Create new layers. - Georeference a raster image. - Set the map for printing.
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ogr2ogr -f "Esri Shapefile" UGA_OGR_converted.shp UGA_Other_Roads.TAB
- Look at the metacoordinates from the Roads in Uganda layer. Just as in the case of
files native to MapInfo, it is possible to edit it. Neither attribute coordinates, nor
geometry. QGIS does not modify shapefiles. You must convert them using *.Tab to
*.Shp by using OGR2OGR via Ftools.
Write this syntax.
ogr2ogr -f "Esri Shapefile" UGA_OGR_converted.shp UGA_Other_Roads.TAB
The tool allows the conversion of numerous formats. To know the formats that can be
converted type: ogr2ogr formats
- Open the layer called Downloaded GPS Tracks or go directly through the shapefile or
the management of GPS coordinates plugins.
Once the layer has been transformed into a shapefile, load it into QGIS.
Right click on the layer in the legend and check Allow Editing.
You will be able to modify the geometry of the
road layer by adding segments of roads
coming from the GPS or by modifying the
vertexes of the existing coordinates. Once
selected, the toolbar becomes active.
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2.2 Downloaded data from a GPS.
CartONG prefers working with a GPS utility that allows you to save points of interest
(POI) directly into shapefile format. It is possible to download the points directly using
the plugins GPS and then GPS tools.
Once the type of objects have been chosen to download, choose between the points,
roads and tracks. There are three types of information with icons representing the
type of object.
It is possible to download the coordinates directly from the GPS. In this case it is
important to be sure to have all of the peripheries (the GPS, the power cable and the
USB cable) and to have configured the GPS exchange protocol (Garmin to Garmin).
Naming Rule: Bar_code_ofthe_GPS_/object_type/date like dd/mm/yy ex
415526_Track_050307 415526_Points_050307
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Difficulties with the points: The POI are often mixed (e.g., centre of the refugee camp,
schools, wells, bridges). You will have to sort and filter the information. GPS Utility
proves useful for this and allows it to be done directly in the GIS software. QGIS is not
very well adapted for this. /
2.3 Editing the Geometry Attach the segments with a different colour.
-Copy and Paste the ends of the segments into the Uganda Roads shapefile.
-Have a clean geometry without line superposition or duplication of edited nodes. You
can edit the vertexes using the following tools: Delete Vertex and Move
Vertices.
- Give as much attribute data to the object.
- Use a thematic analysis to evaluate the types of roads.
- Use a thematic analysis to evaluate the sources of the digitization.
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Digitze from a topographic map or satellite imagery. Once the layer is editable,
edit the line segments and save the layer. It is possible to draw the roads in
the roads layer. In the Afghanistan exercise, the maps were already georeferenced.
This time, we will register the image in functions of the coordinates.
2.4 Register a Raster Image
Use the Georeferencing plug-in. The principle is as follows:
Chose the image file found on the UN cartographic section of the website (PDF
converted into a jpg) UN_Uganda.jpg and georeference it.
Know the projection system and assign it to the known reference points and visibles in
pixels on the coordinate point of the map. There must be at least 4 points in order to
correctly register an image.
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Remark: Edit the file points jpg.points
From the image, redraw the road Kotido and Moroto.
How can you qualify this information?
2.5 Insert the coordinates in text format with the plug-in Delimited Text.
Insert the coordinates in CSV format, text, stemming from Geonames http://download.geonames.org/export/dump/ in order to get a list of villages. Go onto the Geonames site and dump the information. You will find a multifaceted database.
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From the plug-in Delimited Text, insert and add a delimited text layer and add
information into the longitude and latitude fields.
Select and create a layer with towns/villages (type PPL or PPLA)
Priority Roads for Rehabilitation
The first road to be rehabilitated will be the
road sections between the points of Gulu-
Paicho-Achar-Cwero (use the sections for
help), because a large par to the population
living in the displacement camps are
originally from this region. The second road
scheduled for rehabilitation will be Gulu-
Nimule. The first road to be rehabilitated
will be drawn in red and the second in
orange.
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-Add one or two columns in *.DBF (e.g., Roads to Rehabilitate and Distance) and
edit the field or just create another layer from the existing layer (preferably for easy
management).
2.6 Creating a new layer
Create a new layer: Click on the N key or Layer >>> New Vector Layer.
Define the type of object (e.g., line) and define the fields.
In order:
ID: This will be the same as the road ID to allow future connections.
Name: Name between the two road segments.
Distance: Measure with the measuring tool.
Rehabilitation order: 1, 2, 3, etc.
Date: 03/09/07
Measure the distance to rehabilitate with the measuring tool , insert the
coordinates into the table and represent it with a thick yellow segment.
What is the approximate distance? What are the difficulties?
Render the Roads for Rehabilitation layer editable.
Copy the segments to rehabilitate from the roads layer. Select them with the Select
Feature tool and paste them anew in the Roads to Rehabilitate layer.
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.
The first selected segment is copied with the information coming from the
UGA_other_roads_polyline layer. The attribute table must be updated from the new
attribute table with the attribute coordinates. The first segment is a little too long.
Remove the vertexes that are in Pader District by using Delete Vertex.
Use the Delete Vertex or Move
Vertex functions. Do a thematic
analysis (individual values) of the field
updating the digitization priorities.
Load all the layers for Health Centres
KLPGA_Health_Units_USAID.tab.
Mark the Health Centres that require
rehabilitation (the ones that are non-
functioning0 and draw the roads (free
hand, for those that should be open)
that go to the Health Centres.
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2.7 Page Setting
Be aware that the page setting function is weak.
Click on the Printer Composer icon and a page setting will be retained for you.
Add the framework (e.g., maps, logos, legend).
1. Chose the size parameters (A4, A3; Landscape or Portrait formats).
2. Add the first elements of the map Add New Map.
3. Add your logo using the Add Image icon. The logo image should be in
.png format.
4. Add your Legend Block.
5. Add your Scale Bar.
6. Add the map title and disclaimers. (The problem is that it can only use QGIS).
You have to go into the code in order to modify the labels. /
7. Add a North arrow image to demarcate the directions. Use the same image
from the primary map located at:
C:\ProgramFiles\QuantumGIS\share\qgis\images\north_arrows\deafult.png)
8. You will have to fiddle with the location map to make an asthetically pleasing
final version by copying the screen, trimming and inserting images, etc.
9. Try to export using Format Image or as a PDF map. (PROBLEM: Exporting
and printing as a *.PDF). Be prepared for problems with font and the size of
thematic analyses. CHOSE A MINIMUM OF 600 DPI for the exports. You can
modify this under Preferences.
10. It is possible to re-edit using a map drawing software.
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One good initiative for finding road segments can be found at:
http://www.openstreetmap.org/
To read the OSM initiative into a shapefile. http://downloads.cloudmade.com/
Otherwise, connecting to or taking a Shapefile from the UNSDI-T to generate if the
cluster is activated and deployed by a cartographic technician by the
UNJLC/Logcluster: http://www.unjlc.org/mapcenter/unsdi/
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Databases available in the Mapdatabase: Among others ; Administrative Units of Sudan, country, location of displacement camps, entre autres; units administratives du Soudan, Pays, localisation des camps de dplacs and related assets.
This project is made up of 4 layers: The country layer, the administrative units
layer Level 3 for the District of Darfur, and the Internally Displaced Persons
camps. Additionally, there are a few details on the refugee camps in Tchad.
3. THEMATIC POPULATION MOVEMENTS
Zoom in on Ferchana Camp and memorize it in Favourites.
Show the density of the Return Population in Level 3 administrative units. Plan and
quantify for Return to the nearby districts of origin.
Create a layer that includes some of ACFs offices.
This layer goes into the file called Data World. Locate the offices in Afghanistan,
Burundi, Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Haiti, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Democratic Republic
of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sri Lanka, Somalia and Sudan.
Create a new layer that will have an attribute table with the appropriate fields: Name,
Type, Long_Dx, Lat_Dy, Coordinates, Coverage, Opening_date, Closing_date,
Comments.
Objectives: - Work on the Population Movement thematic. - Understand how to create the proper symbols. - Work with the relative values for an exact representation. - Convert the coordinates and work with different projections. - Work with graticules. - Search by yourself for the same geographic base information on the web. - Increasingly complex map production.
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The type is particularly important because it represents your classification of office
types (e.g., national base, advanced base, rear base, field office, etc). The type can
be identified easily by a size symbol and varying colour. (Thematic analysis on
individual value). This layer could be updated twice a year and shared in the field or
redistributed to Web features protocols. 3.1 Assign a Unique Symbol for ACF. Symbol Production: Open a *.png file and save it in *.svg.
Place it under C:\Program Files\Quantum GIS\svg\logo (create the index first), are re-
open QGIS.
Re-open and map with the layer symbols and labels of ACF.
Add the coordinates for the principal towns/cities.
Look for the coordinates of the locations. You can find it at the following URLs: http://www.tageo.com/index.htm http://www.geonames.org/ http://seamless.usgs.gov/website/Seamless/ According to certain sites and following the GPS configuration or the PAD if you do not
have the cable to download the points. Do not forget that some coordinates are in
Degrees Minutes Seconds (DMS) and others are in Decimal Degress (DD). It is up to
you to find the conversion methods in order to make them usable in GIS.
- Create a layer and represent it with drawings of the zones containing elements of
insecurity.
Ration distribution programmes related to protection, seed distribution to
benefit the displaced population (distribution targeting diet): South and West
Darfur.
Dietary support programmes for vulnerable rural residents (dietary security):
Programme de soutien alimentaire des populations rurales rsidentes South and
West Darfur
Agricultural production revival programmes (seed distribution to benefit the
residential population): South and West
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populations affected by the conflict: Muhajeria, Labado, Shaeria and Motorwed
zones.
Each zone also has an approximate budget attribute table for each operation. It is up
to you to estimate the budget. Create a budget map.
- Create an analysis representing the budget amounts invested in the programmes.
3.2 Map the Different Projections
Focus on food insecurity and the visible population movement towards Tchad that is
related to armed conflict.
You have the refugee camp coordinates in UTM format CHD_SDN_Displaced_UTM34N.
What are the UTM coordinates for the Idrimi, Ouloum, and Am Nabak refugee camps?
Map this layer in your workspace. What happens?
The tick boxes under projection properties must be checked in order for the map to be
projected on the fly.
What are the advantages of working locally with UTM projections?
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- Depict the populations of the camps located in Tchad.
- Mark the refugees displaced in Darfur.
- Draw the areas where different ethnic groups are located using the coordinates for
the different ethnic groups.
- Using the estimated population return, draw with choropleth, the estimated IDP
population that intends to return by the Level 3 administrative units.
-Calculate and depict the IDP return density (with regard to the area). Where will the
majority of the displaced return? What other coordinates can we add in order to plan
for future programmes? Draw the estimated population fluctuations (freehand). How
can they be represented? Use the pre-existing Shapefile Tools arrows to develop the
file.
Play with the layer transparency to render a asthetically pleasing final product.
http://www.mapability.com/index1.html
http://www.maproom.psu.edu/dcw/
https://zulu.ssc.nasa.gov/mrsid/
http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/namefiles.htm
https://gist.itos.uga.edu/
http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/data/
http://geodata.grid.unep.ch/
http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=12691&currTab=simple
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3.3 Working with Graticules
Load the Graticule builder from Plugins >>> ;Graticules >>> Graticules Creator.
Chose the extent Rectangle of the (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax) grid and then choose
the spacing units for the grid (in degrees). Create the Shapefile in the right location
for your geographic coordinates. Use an evocative name. Choose the Line or Polygon
option to create the grids.
Change the projection system by looking at the grid distortion.
Trick: QGIS does not give information in the attribute table for the grid information.
ne renseigne pas dans la table attributaire les informations sur les grilles. Thus, you
can create your grid with your own units (A1, B2, etc) or use the longitude and latitude
coordinates (30,12). Put them in the attribute table at label the grid.
The grid system is very useful for temporary cartographic structures.
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4. FOOD SECURITY THEMATIC
4.1 Linking information from a survey like SPHINX
In the questionnaire designed for food security assessment you have to insert some fields
for further mapping.
Write the questionnaire >>> Insert a question.
Principle: Having a link from the survey to the spatial reference and your shapefile.
Add the fields with the specific types of field that you need.
You mainly need fields for the GPS, and also for Pcodes or administartive units codes.
The survey will allow you to know what effects the crisis provoked on the zone, and on the
population.
4.1.1 Organising the Survey
4.1.1.1 Pcode or Coding System
The Pcode is one possible way to map information from surveys.
The Pcode is used for joining the information within the GIS software.
Where can the Pcode be obtained?
OCHA is generating a PCode for the Operation. Use the Pcode from the country. The
UNJLC/Logcluster is maintening a Gazateer with locations.
The Pcode can be applicable to location, administrative units, etc.
Objectives: - Editing the SPHINX forms for plotting individual results. - Mapping indicators like the population at risk, the type of risk, etc. - Selection of villages for the survey (sampling, sampling with subset). - Creating a grid. - Mapping information at an aggregated level.
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4.1.1.2 GPS Coordinates
Add 2 fields in order to plot GPS coordinates: One for Longitude and one for Latitude.
The coordinates should be in Decimal Degrees or UTM in order to be mapped. It is
possible to record the coordinates using DD*MM*SS, but that will require one more
conversion. (See configuration of the GPS). For a direct record, the coordinates should be
in Decimal Degrees, otherwise you have to work with a PD and embarked GPS.
4.2 Export the Thematic Fields
4.2.1 Export into a Spreadsheet (XLS, CSV)
4.2.1.1 Export the Data File >>> Save/Export data
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4.2.1.2 Then Select Export Data
4.2.1.3 Export Data stage 1/2 - Title of Column, Keep the Variable, File Format
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4.2.1.4 Export Data Stage 2/2 - Select All Observations
Open the file with Excel and then save it into a *.DBF file.
4.3. Mapping the Data
Open the project: Afghanistan_Food_security_projects_A4LC.qgs
4.3.1 Install the Ftools Plug-in
Download http://www.ftools.ca/fTools.html and install the Ftools plug-in. Extract and Install the plug-in into:
The plugin offers a lot of spatial analysis tools and also some tools for information
management. Note: The plug-in is not activated through the plug-in manager. A toolbar
for this is now to the right of the Help.
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4.3.2 Adding Attributes to an Existing Table (Join Function)
You will use the join function in order to link the information to a spatial reference.
4.3.2.1 Select the target layer.
4.3.2.2 Select the field where you will
do the join.
4.3.2.3 Select the *.DBF file from
where you exported the survey.
4.3.2.4 Select the join field (it should
be with the same type as the one where
you are doing the join. It should be an
interger.
4.3.2.5 Create an output Shapefile.
Name it:
Join_Settlements_2_survey.shp
The Shapefile will have the spatial
references and the fields from the
survey.
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Create a thematic map with linked fields like locations where breastfeeding practices were
observed.
4.4 Site Selection with Random Sampling
You realize that the survey is concentrated in one specific area and probably not
representative of the actual situation. You are interested in having a greater
estimation and a better coverage. For that you will only select some random villages
where you will organize the surveying. The GIS tools are there to help you create the
survey.
It is important that your sample is representative of the population that you are
surveying, that is, the same structure of your population is reflected in your sample.
(It might be tricky).
The ideal solution is to calculate the appropriate sample size based on the sampling
design.
Select the locations that are within the Badachan:
- Select Badachan Province.
- Select the settlements that are within Badachan (several ways to select them).
- Once you have selected the settlements, do a random sampling.
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With the Ftools Menu
4.4.1 Choose Sampling tools >>> Random Selection
4.4.2 Select either the number of features, or preferably, a percentage of features.
The settlements are randomly selected (select a minimum of 10% to have a
representative sample). The selection is highlighted.
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4.4.3 Export the selection into a new Shapefile that will be called
Badachan_10%_settlements.
4.5 Creation of a Grid for a Better Sampling Methodology
If you do not have a population as sampling frame, one option is to go down to the
district/provincial level if you have good boundary data. Within those frames, you can
for example, put numerous identically-sized grids on it, and among each grid, you can
select an equal number of villages.
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Ftoools >>> Vector Grid
4.5.1 Select the area within which you want to create the grid, or select the extent.
Select just before the Province of Badachan.
4.5.2 Select the parameters 0.5 (+ -50km)
4.5.3 Assign an output shapefile. Grid_badachan_0_5.shp
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4.6 Count the Number of Villages within Each Grid Cell
Ftools >>> Points in Polygon
4.6.1 Select the input polygon layer: The Grid Grid_badachan_0_5.shp
4.6.2 Select the input point layer: The settlements
4.6.3 Select the output file. Call it: Badachan_number_villages_per cells
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Each cell is populated with the sum of number of points falling within the cells.
4.7 Sample with a Subset
In order to redo a better sample (to select 5 sites per cell), you have to do sample
with a subset. First, on the settlement site, you have to assign the grid cells to the
Settlements layer. Again, use the Ftools plug-in and join the attributes by location.
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4.7.1 Target layer: Select the number of villages per cell.
4.7.2 Join layer (the layer to join is the settlements).
4.7.3 Define the attribute >>> take attributes of the first located feature.
4.7.4 Select the output shapefile: settlements_with_grid_cells.shp
4.8 Selection with Random Subsets
The software will do a subselection in each cell.
4.8.1 Select the input layer vector: Settlements_with_grid_cells.
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4.8.2 Select: Input_subset_field : ID . It is the grid ID.
4.8.3 Select the random selection. This time select by features. You will do the
survey in 5 villages out of each grid.
The result of the random selection by subset.
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4.8.4 Save the selection as a shapefile.
Name it badachan_5_settlements_per_grid.shp
4. 9 Mapping Indicators or Aggregated Information
As you are working with a specific coding system, it is easy to aggregate information
at a higher level, like districts, or it is possible to map the indictors from the synthesis
generated from SPHINX.
4. 10 Buffer: How to Design an Area of Influence
4.10.1 Open the layer of the Nutrition Center.
4.10.2 From Ftools >>> Geoprocessing tools >>> Buffer
4.10.3 Create a buffer of 5km around each Nutrition Center. Assign the radius
in degrees (0.05 degres) +-5 km.
Name the new shapefile
Buffer_centre_nutritionel+-5Km
Do not select the dissolve buffer
option, otherwise, all the buffers
will be merged. It is possible to
generate a buffer from a field. For
instance, a larger nutrition center
might have more influence than a
local feeding center.
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4.11 Count the Villages that are within the Buffer
Use the analysis tool from Ftools and calculate the number of settlements that are
within the buffer.
Ftools >>> Anlaysis tools >>> Points in Polygons
If you have population figures, you can even sum-up the population.
Use the statistic function to know the average number of villages covered per buffer.
Ftools >>> Basic Statistics
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4.12. Determining a Best Location (the center of gravity of the settlements)
Select the settlements that are outside the buffer and in between the areas of
influence of the buffer. Assign the the mean location (the optimal location) for a new
nutrition center.
4.12.1 Select the settlements. Save the selection as a shapefile.
Name it: Settlements_not_within_buffer.shp
4.12.2 Defining the mean coordinates.
4.12.2.1 Analisys tools >>> Main Coordinates.
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4.12.2.2 When defining the input layer, and the output layers, leave the optional fields
blank. Save as a shapefile: Centre_nutritionel_Mean_Grid_ID.shp
4.13. Inserting a Map into SPHINX
In SPHINX, processing and Analysis >>> Graphical Reports.
It is possible to put a thematic map within the final report. For that it is mandatory to
have a graphical report.
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4.13.1 Insert >>> GIS Map.
It is similar to working with a predefined data set like in the USA or on a World Map.
4.13.2 Apparently it is not working with customized map done with a Shapefile.
Follow this procedure :
4.13.3 Select the data (once again). It is important to have a unique code to link the
data.
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5. FINAL EXERCISE
Theoretical Exercise: Answer 50 Questions
Practical exercise. You will re-enforce the capacity of an emergency mission
in Malawi through a capital city office in Mzuzu. Work in a group with all the
software that you have learned. You must produce one/some maps
representing the situations in Malawi.
Synthesization of the activities in Malawi can be found at the following link:
http://www.accioncontraelhambre.org/alai.php?p=241
Create and edit the intervention layers with an adapted semiology that includes ACFs
offices as well as the relevant neighbouring offices.
Chose the fond libre or satellite imagery or relief images from the SRTM located at:
http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/SELECTION/inputCoord.asp. The demarcation of
administrative units, towns and villages is encouraged. Explore the datasets for
Malawi and constitute a QGIS project.
1. Mark different livelihood zones.
2. Mark the zones with different degrees of food insecurity per district.
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3. Mark ACFs projects in Malawi. (e.g., Name, Type, Starting Date, Number of
Personnel).
4. Mark the Cholera epidemic that took place in Mzuzu and propose a prevention
zone. (Open the KML file).
5. Reduce the size of the markers and draw the concentration of 5 mortality cases
that occured northest of the affected zone.
6. Insert and georeference the high resolution image taken from Google Earth that
is centred on 34 001'18.50"E 1126'7.19"S (attached KML).
7. Propose zones with different degrees of security, locate the points where water
has been disinfected and create attribute tables. Include the number of
beneficiaries that can be treated along with the daily consumption of chlorine
with the quantity of filtered water.
8. Mark the best locations for hygiene promotion centres. Create areas of
probability that the hygiene information kiosks will likely influence. of probably
influence for aux meilleurs endroits les centres hygine promotion, crer des
aires dinfluences probables de ces kiosk dinformation hygine
9. Chose the intervention zones using different parameters (Other NGOs and
beneficiaries).
The documents should be submitted in electronic format as an image with an explicit
notice that describes the cartographic documents.