WendongWendong WANGWANGBroadband Network Research Center (BNRC)Broadband Network Research Center (BNRC)
State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching TechnologySchool of Computer Science & TechnologySchool of Computer Science & Technology
Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsSeptember 2006September 2006
QoSQoS Issues Issues in Heterogeneous IP Networksin Heterogeneous IP Networks
Lecture 1 of 4: Lecture 1 of 4: QoSQoS concept, Standards and Architectureconcept, Standards and Architecture
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心22王文东王文东
Contents OverviewContents OverviewCourse introductionQoS backgroundQoS ConceptQoS StandardsQoS ArchitectureQoS TechnologiesQoS issues in heterogeneous IP Networks
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心33王文东王文东
Course introduction
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心44王文东王文东
Goals of the Course Goals of the Course
Learn knowledge of QoS from classRead papers after class to know more QoS technologiesSelect one topic for intensive reading to know QoS in a specific area.Share your QoS topic with others and extend your QoS knowledge.
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心55王文东王文东
Course References Course References Books:
Zheng Wang, “Internet QoS: Architectures and Mechanisms for Quality of Service”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2001, ISBN:1-55860-608-4Kun II Park, “QoS In Packet Networks”, Springer, 2004, ISBN:0-387-23389-x
Papers:John Soldatos, Evangelos Vayias, George Kormentzas. ON THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF QUALITY OF SERVICE IN HETEROGENEOUS IP NETWORKS. IEEE Communication Surveys. Vol.7, No.1, 2005Sotiris I. Maniatis, Eugenia G. Nikolouzou, Iakovos S. Venieris, “End-to-end QoS specification issues in the converged all-IP wired and wireless environment”, IEEE Communications Magazine,vol.42, No.6, June, 2004……
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心66王文东王文东
Schedule of the Course Schedule of the Course QoS Concepts, Standards and Architectures
Aug. 8th 8:00-10:00 QoS technologies
Aug. 13th 16:00-18:00Aug. 15th 8:00-10:00
QoS issues in Heterogeneous IP NetworksAug. 20th 16:00-18:00
Presentations ( ? )
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心77王文东王文东
ProjectsProjectsA research paper on the topic of your choice related with QoSStages:
Topic selectLiterature searchPaper readingPaper writingTopic presentation (?)
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心88王文东王文东
Project requirementsProject requirementsContents
Technical Research or analysisTechnical survey or review
ReferencesRecent technical papers (3-5 years)Standards (ITU-T,IETF,ETSI,3GPP……)Technical white papers of some companies
ResultsPaper in 6-8 pages Presentation (?)
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心99王文东王文东
Project topics (1)Project topics (1)Core Network
QoS issues in Diffserv-aware MPLS/MPLS TEQoS issues in Premium IP networksQoS issues in Next Generation Network/Internet (NGN/NGI)QoS issues in IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)QoS signaling (ITU,IETF,ETSI, 3GPP)
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1010王文东王文东
Project topics (2)Project topics (2)Access networks
QoS issues in Wireless networksQoS issues in wireless LANQoS issues in WiMaxQoS issues in 2G/3G wireless networks (GSM/GPRS/WCDMA, CDMA)QoS issues in 4G wireless networksQoS issues in Ad-hoc and sensor networksQoS issues in Home Networks
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1111王文东王文东
Project topics (3)Project topics (3)Applications and Interworking
QoS issues in Mobile IPQoS issues in IP Telephony over Wireless/ Mobile networksQoS issues in interworking of different wireless networksQoS issues in P2P applicationsQoS issues in Services management systems
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1212王文东王文东
QoS background
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1313王文东王文东
Situation of current InternetSituation of current InternetCurrent Internet is a Best Effort network:IP Packets forwarding is in best effort modeNo guarantee for Packets loss and Packets Transfer Delay as well as Packet Delay VariationBetter performance when network resources are plentyWorse performance when network resources are congested
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1414王文东王文东
IP Packets in current InternetIP Packets in current Internet
2) IP packet is lost1) IP packet is delayed
Network Traffic Help
File Edit Locate View Help
1 2 3 4 5 6 70
100
200
300
400
500EDCBA
IP network
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1515王文东王文东
Some issues for Internet developmentSome issues for Internet development
BandwidthEndless bandwidth requirements for Internet applications
SecurityMore and more applications need Authentication and Authorization
Quality of ServiceMultimedia Services for different user’s requirement
AddressAlmost exhausted IPv4 address for mobile terminals
Management and chargingNetwork O&M requirements
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1616王文东王文东
IP network
Quality of ServiceQuality of ServiceServices: Telephone, Video conferences, Video on Demand, HTTP, EMAIL, FTP, VoIP,…..Quality: the general feeling of service usersE2E QoS is the key issue for service users, but network QoS is the basis for E2E QoS
Application
User
Server/Application
End-to-End QoS
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1717王文东王文东
Why we need Why we need QoSQoS
Service/Network performance
Service/Network Convergence
User/Service/Network diversities
Service/Network Operation & Maintenance
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1818王文东王文东
TCP Application: - Packet loss will cause the retransmission
-> Need more time to transfer files, images and web pages, …
-> Retransmission increase the network traffic and may cause congestionUDP Application: - For delay sensitive application -> unexpected packet
delay will cause packets invalidation - For loss sensitive application -> Introduce application
layer retransmission and reduce the application performance
QoSQoS effect for Internet Applicationseffect for Internet Applications
IPTCP UDP
Application
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心1919王文东王文东
Problems of Best Effort InternetProblems of Best Effort Internet
Self-similar model of IP service shows that TCP Traffic has strong bursting characteristics. But Video and Voice services do not have.In Best Effort environment, QoS of integrated TCP and Voice as well as Video can only be guaranteed by bandwidth over-provisioning.In this case, normally the resources usage factor of network could only be 30%-40%
Voice
Video
Web, Ftp
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2020王文东王文东
How to provide How to provide QoSQoSResource over-provisioning
Massive bandwidth
Admission control and resource managementUser services restriction:only provide services with the QoS guarantee to those allowed users.User services preference:provide services to all users while keeping the QoS guarantee to the users who has services priority.
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2121王文东王文东
Some IP Some IP QoSQoS research resultsresearch results
Architectures, ModelsMechanisms, components, signallingsTest bed and field trail (Qbone, Internet2,…)Lots of Papers both on Conference and JournalsDozens of Standards from ITU-T, IETF, ETSI, 3GPP/3GPP2,……
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2222王文东王文东
Current Current QoSQoS research research QoS fundamentals
New Architectures and Signaling (GENI, IETF NSIS)New algorithms and mechanisms (Lots of papers)……
QoS applicationsQoS in wired networks/MPLS/MPLS TEQoS in wireless/mobile networksQoS in Ad-hoc/Sensor networksQoS in VoIPQoS in P2P networks……
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2323王文东王文东
QoS Concept
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2424王文东王文东
Standardization GroupsStandardization GroupsIETFITU-TETSI3GPP/3GPP2ATM Forum, MSF……
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2525王文东王文东
QoSQoS model and approachesmodel and approaches
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2626王文东王文东
IETF IETF QoSQoS definitiondefinition
IETF RFC2386
Quality-of-Service (QoS): A set of service requirements to be
met by the network while transporting a flow.
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2727王文东王文东
IETF IETF QoSQoS ParametersParametersNetwork connectivity
One way and two wayPacket Transfer Delay
One way delay & round-trip delayPackets Loss Rate
One way loss & round-trip lossPacket Delay VariationPacket reorderingLink bandwidth capacity……
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2828王文东王文东
ITUITU--T T QoSQoS definitiondefinition
ITU-T Recommendation E.800
Quality of Services: The collective effect of service
performance which determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service.
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心2929王文东王文东
ITUITU--T Four Viewpoint of T Four Viewpoint of QoSQoSQoS requirements of customer: a statement of the level of quality required by the applications of customers of a service, which may be expressed non-technically.QoS offered by provider: a statement of the level of quality expected to be offered to the customer by the service provider.QoS achieved by provider: a statement of the level of the actual quality achieved and delivered to the customer.QoS perceived by customer: is a statement expressing the level of quality that customers believe they have experienced.
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3030王文东王文东
ITUITU--T NP Definition T NP Definition
ITU-T Recommendation E.800
Network Performance: The ability of a network or network portion to provide the functions related to communications between users.
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3131王文东王文东
ITUITU--T NP ParametersT NP ParametersIP Packet Transfer Delay (IPTD)
Node process delay+Link transmission delay (one way)
E2E IP Packet Delay Variation (IPDV)IP Packet Error Ratio (IPER)IP Packet Loss Ratio (IPLR)percent IP service unavailability (PIU)percent IP service availability (PIA) ……
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3232王文东王文东
QoS Standards
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3333王文东王文东
MeasurableMeasurable parameters of IP parameters of IP QoSQoSServices availability
Network ConnectivityLatency
IP Packet Transfer DelayJitter
IP Packet Delay VariationPackets loss
IP Packet loss ratioThroughput
Available bandwidth
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3434王文东王文东
QoSQoS class definition in ITUclass definition in ITU--TTTable 1/Y.1541 – Provisional IP network QoS class definitions and
network performance objectives
QoS ClassesNetworkperformance
parameter
Nature of network performance objective Class 0 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
Unspecified
IPTD Upper bound on the mean IPTD
100 ms 400 ms 100 ms 400 ms 1 s U
IPDV Upper bound on the 1 −10–3 quantile of IPTD minus the minimum IPTD
50 ms 50 ms U U U U
IPLR Upper bound on the packet loss probability
1 × 10–3 1 × 10–3 1 × 10–3 1 × 10–3 1 × 10–3 U
IPER Upper bound 1 × 10–4 U
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3535王文东王文东
Service Service QoSQoS requirementsrequirements
T1213050-02
0%
5%
Fax100 ms 1 s 10 s 100 sDelay
Conversationalvoice and video
Voice/videomessaging Streaming
audio/video
Command/control
(e.g. Telnet,Interactive games)
Transactions(e.g. E-commerce,
Web-browsing,E-mail access)
Messaging,Downloads
(e.g. FTP, still image)
Background(e.g. Usenet)
Packet Loss
Zeroloss
Figure 1/G.1010 – Mapping of user-centric QoS requirements
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3636王文东王文东
QoSQoS categories & services mappingcategories & services mapping
T1213060-02
FaxErrortolerant
Conversationalvoice and video
Voice/video messaging
Streaming audioand video
Errorintolerant
Command/control(e.g. Telnet,
interactive games)
Transactions(e.g. E-commerce,WWW browsing,
Email access)
Messaging,Downloads
(e.g. FTP, still image)
Background(e.g. Usenet)
Interactive(delay <<1 s)
Responsive(delay ~2 s)
Timely(delay ~10 s)
Non-critical(delay >>10 s)
Figure 2/G.1010 – Model for user-centric QoS categories
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3737王文东王文东
Guidance for IP Guidance for IP QoSQoS classes (Y.1541)classes (Y.1541)
QoSclass
Applications (examples) Node mechanisms
Network techniques
0 Real-time, jitter sensitive, high
interaction (VoIP)Constrained routing and distance
1 Real-time, jitter sensitive, interactive (VoIP).
Less constrained routing and distances
2 Transaction data, highly
interactive (Signalling)Constrained routing and distance
3 Transaction data, interactiveLess constrained routing and distances
4 Low loss (short transactions, bulk data, video streaming)
Long queue, drop priority
Any route/path
5 Traditional applications of default IP networks
Separate queue (lowest priority)
Any route/path
Separate queue, drop priority
Separate queue with preferential servicing, traffic grooming.
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3838王文东王文东
QoS Architectures
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心3939王文东王文东
Currently, different QoS solutions may focus on different control loop or function entities.
User/ServiceRequirementSpecification
Admission Control
Resource management
Performance
Monitoring & Measurement
Congestion Detection
Feedback Control
Short Term Short Term ControlControl
PerformanceAnalysis
Performancestatistic
Traffic dimensioning
Long Term Long Term ControlControl
General General QoSQoS control cyclecontrol cycle
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4040王文东王文东
IETF IETF QoSQoS model model --IntServIntServ
IntServ (Integrated Service )IntServ is designed to provide an end to end QoSguarantee to a individual session/flow.IntServ could provide an absolute QoS guarantee to application based on the session/flow.IntServ uses RSVP protocol to reserve end to end resources for individual session/flow. IntServ entities must maintain the state info for each flow
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4141王文东王文东
IntServIntServ modelmodel
IETF RFC 2205
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4242王文东王文东
IETF IETF QoSQoS model model --DiffServDiffServ
DiffServ (Differentiated Services)DiffServ is designed to provide several classes of QoSto numbers of sessions/applicationsDiffServ could provide relative QoS guarantee based on the DiffServ classesDiffServ defines an architecture and a set of forwarding behaviors to aggregate application flows.Diffserv need a complex edge node to support packet classify while the core node could be very simple for packets forwarding.
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4343王文东王文东
DiffServDiffServ modelmodel
Backbone
Edge router
Core router
Edge router
Core router
IP flow
Multi-byteclassifier Meter Maker Policer
DSclassifier
Queuescheduler
TspcTspc
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4444王文东王文东
ITUITU--T T QoSQoS modelmodelData Plane
Buffer management, congestion avoidance, packet marking, queuing and scheduling, traffic classification, traffic policing and traffic shaping.
Control PlaneAdmission control, resource reservation, QoSrouting
Management PlaneService Level Agreement (SLA), traffic restoration, metering and recording, policy.
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4545王文东王文东
ITUITU--T T QoSQoS Architecture Architecture
Y.1291_F01
Control Plane
Data Plane
Admissioncontrol
Resourcereservation
QoSrouting
Buffermanagement
Queuing &scheduling
Congestionavoidance
Packetmarking
Trafficshaping
Trafficclassification
Trafficpolicing
Servicelevel
agreement
Trafficrestoration
Management p
lane
Metering
Policy
ITU-T Y.1291: An architectural framework for support of Quality of Service in packet networks
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4646王文东王文东
ETSI TIPHON ETSI TIPHON VoIPVoIP QoSQoS ArchitectureArchitecture
ETSI TS 101 329-3 V2.1.2
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4747王文东王文东
MSF MSF VoIPVoIP QoSQoS ArchitectureArchitecture
MSF Technical Report MSF-TR-QoS-001-FINAL
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4848王文东王文东
QOS componentsQOS componentsAdmission Control
A decision algorithm to determine whether a new flow can be granted the requested QoS without impacting earlier guarantees.
Packet ClassificationThe incoming packets could be classified in different classes based on the contents of the existing packet header(s) and/or some additional classification number added to each packet according to the defined rules.
Shapingthe process of delaying packets within a traffic stream to cause it to conform to some defined traffic profile.
Metering & MarkingThe incoming Packets could be measured and marked according to the defined rules. Shaping & Policing
Queuing & SchedulingThe incoming packets could be put into different queue and get the different treatment
SignallingService requirements negotiation protocol between user and network
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心4949王文东王文东
SummarySummaryInternet is becoming a multi-services carrier networkDifferent users may have different requirementsDifferent services have different performance requirementInternet need QoSLots of results from IP QoS research and standardization activitiesBut there is still lack of QoS deployment
2006-9-8计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院
国家重点实验室国家重点实验室 宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心5050王文东王文东
ReferencesReferencesBooks:
Zheng Wang, “Internet QoS: Architectures and Mechanisms for Quality of Service”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2001, ISBN:1-55860-608-4Kun II Park, “QoS In Packet Networks”, Springer, 2004, ISBN:0-387-23389-x
Papers:John Soldatos, Evangelos Vayias, George Kormentzas. ON THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF QUALITY OF SERVICE IN HETEROGENEOUS IP NETWORKS. IEEE Communication Surveys. Vol.7, No.1, 2005Janusz Gozdecki, etc, “Quality of Service Terminology in IP Networks”, IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2003 Xipeng Xiao and Lionel M. Ni, “Internet QoS: A Big Picture”, IEEE Network, March/April 1999ITU-T Recommendations I.350, E.800, Y.1000,Y.1010,Y.1540,Y.15413GPP TS 23.207 End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture (Release 6) V6.6.0 (2005-09)ETSI TR 101 329-1 V3.1.2 (2002-01) Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON) Release 3;End-to-end Quality of Service in TIPHON systems; Part 1: General aspects of Quality of Service (QoS) ……