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Quagga Mussels in Utah

Water Supply Industry PerspectiveWater Supply Industry Perspective

Utah Division of Water ResourcesUtah Division of Water Resources

July 15, 2008July 15, 2008

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Great Lakes Perspective

Surrounding states and drainage basin

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Great Lakes Perspective

84% of North America’s surface fresh water

21% of world’s supply

5,473 cubic miles or 18,500,000,000 acre-feet (billion)

“It takes a great deal to push the ecosystem of the Great Lakes, and the mussels have done it.”

Comparison: Lake Powell + Flaming Gorge = 0.2 % volume of Great Lakes

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Mussels Now Western US Mussels Now Western US ProblemProblem

January 6, 2007 January 6, 2007 Quaggas @ Lake Mead Las Vegas Boat HarborLas Vegas Boat Harbor Arrived 3 years agoArrived 3 years ago

Later found in LakesLater found in Lakes Mohave and HavasuMohave and Havasu

Moved into California Moved into California & Arizona& Arizona

August 2007 veligers August 2007 veligers (larvae) found in Lake (larvae) found in Lake

PowellPowell

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Mussels Now Western US Mussels Now Western US ProblemProblem

““California… is worried that the mollusks California… is worried that the mollusks could damage the system that brings water could damage the system that brings water across the desert to 18 million people in Los across the desert to 18 million people in Los Angeles and San Diego.”Angeles and San Diego.”

Metropolitan Water District of Southern Metropolitan Water District of Southern California officials, “…shut down the entire California officials, “…shut down the entire 242-mile aqueduct for three weeks to dry out 242-mile aqueduct for three weeks to dry out the canals and use chlorine to kill the the canals and use chlorine to kill the mussels.” Done TWICE in 2007.mussels.” Done TWICE in 2007.

Major response byMajor response by Utah, Nevada, Arizona & CaliforniaUtah, Nevada, Arizona & California National Park ServiceNational Park Service Southern Nevada Water AuthoritySouthern Nevada Water Authority Las Vegas Valley Water DistrictLas Vegas Valley Water District

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Mussels Now a Utah ProblemMussels Now a Utah Problem None detected in Utah yet, however….None detected in Utah yet, however….

Conditions in Utah reservoirs are Conditions in Utah reservoirs are conduciveconducive

Top 20 destinations of Lake Mead boatersTop 20 destinations of Lake Mead boaters #3 Lake Powell#3 Lake Powell #11 Pineview Reservoir#11 Pineview Reservoir #12 Bear Lake#12 Bear Lake #14 Willard Bay#14 Willard Bay #19 Jordanelle Reservoir#19 Jordanelle Reservoir

I-80 brings eastern boats to Flaming I-80 brings eastern boats to Flaming GorgeGorge

Move downstream from reservoirsMove downstream from reservoirs

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Costs Due to MusselsCosts Due to Mussels

If you use electricity & water, you do not want If you use electricity & water, you do not want musselsmussels

Costs in this presentation assume state-wide Costs in this presentation assume state-wide infestationinfestation Worst case scenarioWorst case scenario Could take years like eastern USCould take years like eastern US

Cost estimating difficultCost estimating difficult Varying & missing dataVarying & missing data Different locations: eastern vs. western USDifferent locations: eastern vs. western US Changes with time: technology & cost indexingChanges with time: technology & cost indexing Still needed some estimatesStill needed some estimates

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Mussel Costs in the USAMussel Costs in the USA $ 100 + million per year$ 100 + million per year

Electric industry 51%Electric industry 51% Water treatment 31%Water treatment 31% Industrial 8%Industrial 8% Others 10%Others 10%

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Water Treatment PlantWater Treatment Plant Problems Due Problems Due to Musselsto Mussels

Estimated Annual Expenses: Mussel Control Utah Water Treatment Plants

Plant Size Number of Plants

Annual Cost

Per Plant

Plant Size

Subtotal

10 mgd & less 21 $142,503 $2,992,560

10 mgd to 100 mgd 7 $263,608 $1,845,254

Greater than

100 mgd

2 $1,308,347 $2,616,694

Totals 30 $7,454,508

January 2008 Dollars. Only treatment plants using surface water are included.

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PipelinePipeline Problems Due to Mussels Problems Due to Mussels Increased friction & reduced area reduces

flow capacity Pipelines NOT tolerant of reduction

Remove & clean out mussels: more maintenance

Retrofit existing & redesign new pipelines Continuous chemical feed systems & supplies Enhanced corrosion resistance: oxidizing chemicals Pipe cleanout access & dispose of mussels

Large: people Smaller: pigging Smallest: replace Mussel-resistant coatings in selected areas Shut down pipeline: maintenance or replace

No cost data for pipeline activities

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Pipeline Pipeline Problems Problems

Due to Due to MusselsMussels

Utah Raw Water Pipelines & Aqueducts

at Risk of Mussel Infestation

SponsorApprox Total Length (miles)

Range of Pipe

Diameter (inches)

Weber Basin WCD 360 2 to 84

Jordan Valley WCD 20 66 to 78

Metropolitan SL & Sandy 38 69 to 84

Central Utah WCD 90 42 to 126

Washington County WCD 70 6 to 66

Rocky Mountain Power 124 18 to 192

Existing pipelines subtotal

702 na

Lake Powell Pipeline 168 30 & 66

Bear River Pipeline 130 60

Flaming Gorge Pipeline 120 60

Future pipelines subtotal

418 na

Totals 1,120 na

Major culinary & power plant pipelines included. Many small culinary and agriculture systems not included. Actual totals greater. Pipeline owners supplied data. Future pipeline data from Div. Water Resources. April 2007

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CanalCanal Problems Due to Mussels Problems Due to Mussels

About 4,573 miles of canals in Utah Open-channel flow capacity reduced

Earth-lined: 24% less, Manning n 0.022 0.029 Concrete-lined: 52% less, Manning n 0.014

0.029 How tolerant are your canals of such reductions?

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CanalCanal Problems Due to Problems Due to MusselsMussels

Mussel growth reduces area & further Mussel growth reduces area & further reduces flowreduces flow

Annual dewateringAnnual dewatering Mussel die-offMussel die-off Deteriorated water qualityDeteriorated water quality Noxious odorNoxious odor

Clean up dead mussels: maintenance along Clean up dead mussels: maintenance along canalcanal

Valves, screens, grates & facilities Valves, screens, grates & facilities maintenancemaintenance

No cost data for canal activitiesNo cost data for canal activities

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Secondary Water SystemsSecondary Water Systems Problems Problems Due to MusselsDue to Mussels

Outdoor irrigationOutdoor irrigation Residential lawns, golf courses, cemeteries, Residential lawns, golf courses, cemeteries,

fountainsfountains Some industrial coolingSome industrial cooling Canal capacity reduced: earth 24% concrete Canal capacity reduced: earth 24% concrete

52%52% About 75% end users haveAbout 75% end users have

Pressurized, small dia. pipes & sprinkler headsPressurized, small dia. pipes & sprinkler heads Easily pluggedEasily plugged

Drip systems similarly impactedDrip systems similarly impacted No cost data for secondary system activitiesNo cost data for secondary system activities

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ReservoirReservoir Problems Due to Problems Due to MusselsMussels

150+ reservoirs, 100 acres: water storage & 150+ reservoirs, 100 acres: water storage & recreationrecreation 30 major boating reservoirs 30 major boating reservoirs Over 8,000 water bodies in UtahOver 8,000 water bodies in Utah

Seasonal water level changes: massive mussel die-Seasonal water level changes: massive mussel die-offoff Deteriorated water quality & noxious odorDeteriorated water quality & noxious odor

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ReservoirReservoir Problems Due to Problems Due to MusselsMussels

Clean up dead Clean up dead musselsmussels

Beaches unusableBeaches unusable Cut feetCut feet Limited accessLimited access Noxious odorNoxious odor

No cost data for No cost data for reservoir activitiesreservoir activities

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Impacts Summary Assuming Mussel Infestation Throughout Utah

CategoryEstimated Annual Costs, 2007 dollars

Comments & Other Impacts

Water treatment plants $7,454,508 30 plants, various sizes

Culinary & power pipelines UnknownOver 1,120 mi. Increased maintenance

Substantial infrastructure: retrofit & new

Culinary & Agriculture canals UnknownAbout 4,573 mi. Increased maintenance

Reduced capacity

Secondary water systems UnknownReduced canal capacity, plugged sprinkler heads, more maintenance

Reservoirs $323,22030 reservoirs, monitoring only; infested more. Seasonal die-off, beaches unused

Coal fired electric power plants $3,046,155 7 plants, various sizes

Hydroelectric plants $224,000 56 plants, assume $4,000 per plant

Industrial water users $2,534,510 Assumes 10 users, probably more

Hatcheries & aquaculture $1,468,86314 state & 19 private hatcheries

120 fee fishing ponds not included

Golf courses $40,064128 golf courses, monitoring only

Infestation costs much more

Dept. Natural Resources enforcement

$1,400,000+Additional full-time personnel and seasonal watercraft inspectors

Total $16.5 + million Actual costs greater if infested

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Water Supplier Rapid Response PlanWater Supplier Rapid Response Plan

P 6 = Proper Prior Preparation Prevents Poor Performance

Prepare your planPrepare your plan

DetectionDetection NotificationNotification Colonization ExtentColonization Extent Response TeamResponse Team CommunicationsCommunications ResourcesResources

PermitsPermits QuarantineQuarantine ContainmentContainment MonitoringMonitoring Plan EffectivenessPlan Effectiveness Play Out Mock Play Out Mock

ScenarioScenario

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Water Supplier Rapid Response Water Supplier Rapid Response PlanPlan

Model Plans AvailableModel Plans Available Columbia River Basin Plan & ExerciseColumbia River Basin Plan & Exercise California AIS Mgt PlanCalifornia AIS Mgt Plan U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service Model U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service Model

PlanPlan Sign email list & all sent to youSign email list & all sent to you

Coordinate your agency plan with Coordinate your agency plan with

State of Utah, AIS Interdiction Act State of Utah, AIS Interdiction Act & &

DWR R657-60 RulesDWR R657-60 Rules

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Quagga mussels are just plain bad for Quagga mussels are just plain bad for UtahUtah

So all of this is to preventSo all of this is to prevent

our descentour descent

into……into……

the the Quagga-mire

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Discussion

mikesuflita@utah.gov